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1.
我国克氏原螯虾稻田养殖发展现状及对策 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
我国克氏原螯虾稻田养殖(以下简称稻田养虾)起步于本世纪初,尤以湖北潜江为代表,经过多年发展,目前已在克氏原螯虾几个主产省份形成较大规模,成为克氏原螯虾主要养殖方式之一,形成了以稻虾连作、稻虾共生等为主的稻田养虾模式。本文对我国克氏原螯虾稻田养殖现状及展望作了分析综述,以供业内人士参考。 相似文献
2.
克氏原螯虾养殖技术（五） 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
克氏原螯虾是较适宜稻田养殖的水产品种,开展稻田养虾具有投资少、见效快、收益大的特点;在养殖过程中克氏原螯虾能消灭稻田中的虫卵、幼虫,降低稻田虫害的发生率,减少稻田的用药量和施药次数;还可利用克氏原螯虾大量摄食秸秆,实行稻草还田,降低养殖成本,有效改善稻田湿地水质,有利于农业生态环境的保护。 相似文献
3.
测定了信阳市主要野生水产动物Cd、Cr、Pb、As和Hg的含量,并根据单因子污染指数评价法对信阳市主要野生水产动物的品质进行质量安全评价。结果表明,8种信阳市主要野生水产动物的所有样品中均检出Pb和Cr,但均未检出Cd和Hg。在鲫鱼、鲤鱼、青虾和克氏原螯虾中检出As,检出率分别为60%、65.5%、55%和50%。单因子污染指数评价法表明,8种信阳市主要野生水产动物均受到不同程度的Pb污染,鲤鱼和鲫鱼受到了轻度的As污染。 相似文献
4.
克氏原螯虾俗称小龙虾,是淡水经济虾类,因可食部分较多、肉质细嫩、味道鲜美、营养价值高、蛋白质含量高的优点深受人们的欢迎.其养殖业也逐步引起人们的重视,由于稻田养殖克氏原螯虾可以把种植业与养殖业有机结合起来,充分利用人工建设的生态系统,使其发挥各自的作用.正因为有这样的优点,很多地方都开展了稻田养殖克氏原螯虾的试验[1-3]. 相似文献
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克氏原螯虾含肉率及蜕皮周期中微量元素分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
以南京地区的克氏原螯虾为研究对象,测试了不同地点、不同月份的克氏原螯虾的含肉率,以及同时期部分小虾和超大型虾的含肉率,分析了螯虾的营养成份,并测试了蜕皮周期中的虾体不同部位的微量元素。结果表明:克氏原螯虾的含肉率与食料的丰欠、季节的不同有很大的关系,人工饲养的螯虾含肉率是野外生长的1.4倍,春季含肉率最高,可达(15.33±2.31)%,秋季含肉率最低,仅(5.38±2.15)%,雌雄螯虾含肉率总体差别不显著,雌性比雄性略高。另外,蜕皮周期中克氏原螯虾不同部位的几种微量元素含量变化明显,在螯虾饲料中添加适量的微量元素,有助于螯虾的生长、发育。文章最后还比较了红、青壳螯虾的含肉率及营养成份,青壳螯虾的含肉率较红壳螯虾的高出1.6倍,但红壳螯虾食用价值更高。 相似文献
8.
克氏原螯虾(P.clarkii),俗称"龙虾",又称红色沼泽螯虾、小龙虾或克氏螯虾,原产于墨西哥北部和美国南部,属甲壳纲、软甲亚纲、十足目、螯虾科、原螯虾属.克氏原螯虾味道鲜美,深受消费者喜爱,特别是占体重5%左右的克氏原螯虾肝脏(俗称虾黄),含有丰富的不饱和脂肪酸、蛋白质、游离氨基酸、维生素、微量元素等,有很高的药用价值.由于该虾适应性广,生命力和繁殖能力强,对水质要求不高,适宜淡水养殖.去年笔者在河南省虞城县北部沿黄低洼盐碱地池塘中进行池塘主养克氏原螯虾试验,取得了较好的养殖效果. 相似文献
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为了解洞庭湖区养殖克氏原螯虾的遗传多样性，从线粒体Cytb和COⅠ基因入手，经基因组DNA提取、PCR扩增、序列测定和拼接，比较分析了岳阳华容县和益阳南县2处主养殖区内共11个采集点的克氏原螯虾遗传结构。试验结果显示，在华容县的6个采集点中，基于Cytb基因的克氏原螯虾的单倍型多样性指数为0.506,核苷酸多样性指数为0.272 65;基于COⅠ基因的克氏原螯虾的单倍型多样性指数为0.258,核苷酸多样性指数为0.136 1。在南县的5个采集点中，基于Cytb基因的克氏原螯虾的单倍型多样性指数为0.467,核苷酸多样性指数为0.259 74;基于COⅠ基因的克氏原螯虾的单倍型多样性指数为0.244,核苷酸多样性指数为0.122 3。单倍型系统进化树和遗传距离分析表明，11个采集点的克氏原螯虾呈现交叉分布，遗传分化不显著。结果表明，洞庭湖区养殖克氏原螯虾近亲交配严重，遗传多样性低。 相似文献
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三、克氏原螯虾养殖
（一）养殖方式
1．池塘养殖 在池塘中养殖克氏原螯虾是一种获得较高产量和效益的方式,尽管如此,近年来仍有不少农户因养殖克氏原螯虾而亏损,其主要原因是对克氏原螯虾的生物学特性了解较少、误区较多和养殖方法不甚合理,因此要想取得克氏原螯虾养殖生产的稳产与高产,首先必须掌握相关的基础理论知识,同时还必须掌握符合当地水域环境特点的养殖模式和正确的养殖方法,只有上述要求得到满足之后,克氏原螯虾的养殖才能取得理想的效果。 相似文献
11.
A review of approaches currently used to measure growth in freshwater crayfish under experimental and pond grow-out conditions is presented. The review examined 206 papers on growth and production of freshwater crayfish of which 34 were selected for detailed investigation. Selection was based on the amount of information provided in the published report and on the species studied. The review was restricted to six crayfish species: Cherax tenuimanus (marron), C. destructor (yabbie), C. quadricarinatus (red claw), Procambarus clarkii (red swamp crayfish), Astacus astacus (noble crayfish), and Pacifastacus leniusculus (signal crayfish). Growth indices reported included instantaneous growth rate (IGR), absolute growth rate (AGR), slope of log weight against time (GRE) and specific growth rate (SGR, IGR100). Studies were performed for varying time intervals under a wide range of stocking densities. Most reports did not express growth rate as an index but simply reported growth in terms of initial and final weights. The range of approaches used to express growth performance in freshwater crayfish growth studies hinders comparisons of growth rate and production findings. It is suggested that the reports of studies of growth performance in cultured crayfish include a growth rate parameter as well as initial and final weights. SGR is recommended as the parameter of choice since it is based on an exponential growth trend which is typically observed in measurements of weight increase with time in cultured juvenile and early adult crayfish. 相似文献
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Nguyen Phuc Cam Tu Nguyen Ngoc Ha Tokutaka Ikemoto Bui Cach Tuyen Shinsuke Tanabe Ichiro Takeuchi 《Fisheries Science》2008,74(1):109-119
ABSTRACT: Accumulation profiles of 22 trace elements in abdominal muscle, abdominal exoskeleton and the hepatopancreas of the giant river prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii were analyzed. The giant river prawn is an indigenous freshwater species from South Vietnam, and is cultured commercially and fished in the wild. Samples were collected from Ho Chi Minh City and the surrounding area (SKEZ, South Key Economic Zone), and from the Mekong River Delta between 2003 and 2005. Highest accumulations of essential (Cu, Se and Mo) and toxic (As, Ag, Cd and Hg) elements were observed in hepatopancreatic tissue, except for Mn, Sr, Sn, Ba and V in the exoskeleton and Rb and Cs in muscle tissue. Spatial differences showed concentrations of Cs and Pb in muscle and Sr in exoskeletons from the SKEZ were higher than those from the Mekong River Delta. The opposite trend was observed for Cr, Se and Sb in muscle, Mo, Sb and Tl in exoskeleton, and Se, Hg, Mo, Cd, Sb, Tl and Bi in the hepatopancreas. These differences in trace element concentrations in prawns likely reflect differences in industrialization and human activities between the two regions of South Vietnam. 相似文献
13.
养殖克氏原螯虾体内白斑综合征病毒的绝对定量分析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
近年来克氏原螯虾的养殖受到WSSV的威胁,病毒在宿主组织中的绝对定量对于了解病毒的致病性具有重要意义,但克氏原螯虾组织中WSSV的绝对定量分布还有待研究。实验调查了湖北省5个主养区克氏原螯虾WSSV的感染率,结果表明80%以上克氏原螯虾都携带有WSSV。采用WSSV-VP28蛋白特异性抗体对克氏原螯虾提取蛋白进行Western Blot检测,在WSSV-PCR阳性样品中可检测到VP28特异性条带,在WSSV-PCR阴性样品中没有检测到相应条带。采用实验室建立的WSSV绝对定量PCR方法,对携带病毒的克氏原螯虾6个组织(鳃、胃、肠、血淋巴细胞、肝胰腺和心脏)进行检测。结果表明,在鳃、胃和肠可检测到较多病毒量(约108拷贝/mg),其次是血淋巴细胞(107拷贝/mg)、肝胰腺(106拷贝/mg),在心脏中病毒的含量最低(103拷贝/mg),表明病毒的复制存在组织特异性。结果显示WSSV主要存在于消化系统中,预示着克氏原螯虾可能主要在摄食过程中感染WSSV;不同地区克氏原螯虾组织病毒携带量表现出一定差异,预示着WSSV感染可能受到环境因素的影响。 相似文献
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克氏原螯虾是当今中国人工养殖最广的淡水螯虾品种。近几年来,稻田养虾面积呈暴发式增长,但随着养殖规模的扩大,养殖环境的恶化,各种病害频发。为探明稻田养殖克氏原螯虾死亡的原因,实验取濒死病虾胃和肠组织进行病原菌分离,用生理生化实验、16S rDNA基因序列测定与系统进化分析鉴定优势菌;用回归感染和药敏实验评价优势菌毒力和药物敏感性,通过血清免疫相关酶活性变化探究优势菌的致病机理。结果显示,分离获得1株优势菌PCW-01,回归感染健康克氏原螯虾,出现与自然发病虾相同的病理症状,活力下降,胃部有积液,半致死量达0.60×105 CFU/g,经理化分析和分子鉴定为维氏气单胞菌,对呋喃妥因、妥布霉素、头孢他啶等7种药物敏感。人工感染后的克氏原螯虾,体内血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)和溶菌酶(LZM)活性极显著上升,总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性极显著下降,丙二醛(MDA)含量略有上升。研究表明,优势菌PCW-01为致病菌,可失活抗氧化因子,破坏细胞膜结构,导致疾病发生。本研究结果揭示出了克氏原螯虾细菌性疾病的免疫应... 相似文献
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养殖博氏鱼芒肉营养成分的分析及评价 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
采用国家标准方法测定湖北英山博氏(鱼芒)肉一般营养成分、氨基酸、脂肪酸和矿物质元素含量.结果表明,博氏(鱼芒)肉中水分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪和粗灰分的含量分别为75.36％±1.07％、17.90％±0.43％、5.13％±0.18％和0.98％±0.09％;18种氨基酸总量为(69.01±0.07) g/100 g(干重),其中5种鲜味氨基酸占氨基酸总量的41.70％,8种人体必需氨基酸占氨基酸总量的48.68％,必需氨基酸与非必需氨基酸比值为95.06％;粗脂肪中含24种脂肪酸,油酸含量38.41％±0.29％最高,单不饱和脂肪酸含量占脂肪酸总量的42.68％±0.10％,n-6多不饱和脂肪酸与n-3多不饱和脂肪酸的比值为1.48;矿物质元素中钾含量最高,为(1 118.51±30.67) mg/100 g(干重),微量元素中,铁、锌含量最高,分别为(1.19±0.10)和(1.18±0.05)mg/100 g(干重).与其它鱼类相比,博氏(鱼芒)肉蛋白质质量较高,氨基酸组成比例均衡,富含n-3多不饱和脂肪酸,矿物质元素含量丰富,有较高的营养价值. 相似文献
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溴氰菊酯对克氏原螯虾的氧化胁迫效应 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
为了解溴氰菊酯对克氏原螯虾的毒性及致毒机理,采用24h换水式生物试验研究了溴氰菊酯对克氏原螯虾的96h急性毒性,分光光度法检测了6、12、24和48h后0.01、0.02和0.04μg/L溴氰菊酯对肝胰腺超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活力和丙二醛(MDA)的含量等氧化胁迫相关指标的影响。结果表明,24、48和96h的半致死浓度分别为0.1560、0.0993和0.0562μg/L,安全浓度为5.62ng/L;在整个暴露过程中,溴氰菊酯各个处理组都引起了氧化胁迫相关指标的变化。SOD和CAT活力的变化趋势相同,都呈抑制-诱导-抑制的变化规律,MDA含量则一直高于对照组。暴露6h后,0.01μg/L浓度组MDA含量极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),0.04μg/L浓度组MDA含量约为对照组的1.98倍(P<0.05);暴露12h后,MDA仍保持较高水平,0.02μg/L浓度组MDA含量约为对照组的1.76倍(P<0.05);暴露24h后,各浓度组CAT活力分别比对照组上升了70.98%、73.05%和66.67%(P<0.01);暴露48h后,0.01、0.02μg/L浓度组的SOD活力分别下降了... 相似文献
17.
Qiong Wang Brenda L. White Rita M. Redman Donald V. Lightner 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》1999,170(3-4):179-194
White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is one of the most important pathogens of penaeid shrimp. It is widely distributed in most Asian countries where penaeid shrimp are cultured, as well as in the Gulf of Mexico and SE USA. The virulence of six geographic isolates of WSSV was compared using Litopenaeus vannamei postlarvae and Farfantepenaeus duorarum juveniles. The six geographic isolates of WSSV originated from China, India, Thailand, Texas, South Carolina, as well as from crayfish maintained at the USA National Zoo. For challenge studies, virus infected tissues were given per os to L. vannamei postlarvae and Fa. duorarum juveniles. Resultant WSSV infections were confirmed by histological examination. The cumulative mortality of L. vannamei postlarvae reached 100% after challenge with each of the six geographic isolates of WSSV. However, the Texas isolate caused mortalities more rapidly than did the other shrimp isolates; the crayfish WSSV isolate was the slowest. In marked contrast, cumulative mortalities of juvenile Fa. duorarum reached only 35–60%, and varied among the geographic isolates of WSSV. Interestingly, in Fa. duorarum, the Texas WSSV isolate was also the most virulent, while the crayfish WSSV was the least virulent. The findings suggest that slight differences in virulence exist among geographic isolates of WSSV, and that susceptibility may vary with species and lifestages of the host. 相似文献
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Food sources and trophic relationships of three decapod crustaceans: insights from gut contents and stable isotope analyses 
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下载免费PDF全文 Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis), freshwater shrimp (Macrobrachium nipponensis) and red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) are important culture species in China and have world‐wide introduced distributions. The trophic role of these three decapods has not been compared within a system although they consume plants, animals, and detritus and often co‐occur in freshwater ponds. A combination of stable isotope measurements and gut content analysis was used to determine the main food sources and trophic niche of three benthic decapods, in commercial crab ponds around Lake Gucheng, China. Observation of the gut contents reflected a variety of prey items ingested by three decapods. Macrophytes made up the highest contribution to the volume of their gut contents, followed by forage fish, corn and mollusks. Stable isotope analysis supported a stronger relationship between crayfish and vegetable matter than with animal matter, while both crab and shrimp were the opposite. An isotopic mixing model indicated that about 60% of crab and shrimp production originated from animal matter, while only 40% of crayfish production was ascribed to consumption of animal matter. Although results from the mixing model corroborate the gut content findings in most cases, stable isotope results showed that three decapods obtained more energy for growth from animal matter than what would be estimated if gut analysis was used alone. Estimates of niche overlap indices indicated a high degree of dietary overlap among the three decapods examined, suggesting that shrimp and crayfish density should be controlled if considering economic benefits of pond aquaculture. 相似文献
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Shiyu Jin Lisa Jacquin Yan Ren Jixin Yu Wei Li Sovan Lek Jiashou Liu Zhongjie Li Tanglin Zhang 《Aquaculture Research》2019,50(3):934-943
Overfeeding in aquaculture can lead to suboptimal growth and increased production costs. Red swamp crayfish, Procambarus clarkii, is one of the most noteworthy species cultured in China, but little information is available on the optimal feeding levels of this species, especially in ponds cultured with macrophytes. In this study, we tested the effects of five different feeding levels (20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% satiation) of an artificial diet on growth performance and muscle composition of juvenile P. clarkii in 15 concrete ponds cultured with the macrophyte Hydrilla verticillata (three replicates for each treatment). The results showed that growth performance decreased only when feeding levels were below 60% satiation. Muscle composition analysis revealed that the moisture and ash contents of muscle did not vary significantly with feeding levels but that the lipid and protein contents of muscle significantly decreased when P. clarkii was fed to 40% satiation. Stable isotope analysis suggested a shift in crayfish diets to easily available H. verticillata when feeding levels decreased. With this study, we hope to encourage crayfish farmers to reduce feeding levels and increase natural food items such as macrophytes in cultured ponds to maximize crayfish yields and reduce production costs. 相似文献
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Psorospermium haeckeli is a thick-walled, unicellular organism widely reported in European astacid crayfish. Its taxonomic status and life cycle have not been elucidated. It is often referred to as a “parasite”, but conclusive evidence has yet to be found. Recent examination of two North American crayfish species, Procambarus clarkii and Procambarus zonangulus, confirmed its presence in the south-central USA (Louisiana) with morphologies that differ from that of P. haeckeli. This form had been previously reported from Orconectes virilis in southern Canada. We report here the presence of this North American form of Psorospermium in additional North American crayfish including Orconectes immunis and Orconectes rusticus from the northern USA (Minnesota and Wisconsin), Procambarus alleni and Procambarus fallax from the southern USA (Florida), and Pacifastacus leniusculus from the western USA. We also confirm this Psorospermium in O. rusticus from eastern Canada (Ontario). It was not, however, confirmed in several additional southern crayfish species including Cambarus diogenes, Cambarellus puer, Fallicambarus fodiens, and Orconectes palmeri. We describe the morphological forms of this Psorospermium and conclude that it is present in many crayfish species in North America. 相似文献