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1.
田间发生与室内内驯化的褐飞虱生物型2的特性比较 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
比较研究了采自菲律宾国际水稻研究所室内长期用水稻抗性品种Mudgo驯化的褐飞虱生物型2和从广西田间褐飞虱种群中分离获得的田间生物型2的致害性、在不同抗性品种上的生长发育和生殖等特性。结果表明室内和田间生物型2对Mudgo和IR26的致害能力相同，即两者均能成功地致害含Bph1基因的水稻品种，但田间生物型2对ASD7和IR36的致害性明显比室内生物型2强，说明两者在具有抗性bph2的水稻品种上致害性有差异。取食不同抗性品种时，田间生物型2的若虫历期均比取食相同品种的室内生物型2短，两个生物型2在取食ASD7时的若虫历期量长、存活率最低、雌成虫体重最轻、产卵量和蜜露量最少、种数增长指数和营养指数和营养指数量低。取食IR26的田间生物型2的若虫存活指数和种群增长指数均明显高于取食IR26的室内生物型26的指数，同时也显著高于取食Mudgo的生物型2。建议在进行褐飞虱致害性监测和水稻品种抗性评价时以选用IR26为宜。 相似文献
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吡蚜酮对水稻褐飞虱取食行为的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
吡蚜酮是防治褐飞虱的推荐替代杀虫剂之一。取食选择性试验表明,0.1g/L吡蚜酮处理和清水处理24h稻株上的平均落虫数分别为(1.6±1.2)头/株和(1.5±0.9)头/株。刺探电位技术监测发现,与清水对照相比,0.1g/L吡蚜酮浸苗处理下褐飞虱的口针刺探频次、韧皮部刺入频次、在韧皮部外部活动的持续时间以及木质部取食行为的持续时间没有显著差异,而褐飞虱的非刺探持续时间显著增加,褐飞虱在韧皮部内摄取汁液被极显著干扰,吡蚜酮处理后4h内褐飞虱成虫在韧皮部取食的总持续时间只有(1.2±0.5)min,而在对照上的总持续时间为(65.1±11.3)min。取食恢复试验表明吡蚜酮对褐飞虱韧皮部取食的抑制作用可逆,但是取食抑制的恢复非常缓慢。经吡蚜酮0.1g/L处理24h再转移至清水处理苗上120h后,韧皮部取食的总持续时间也仅约为10min。研究表明,吡蚜酮对褐飞虱没有驱避性和拒食性,不阻碍褐飞虱口针刺探和木质部取食,但对韧皮部取食具有明显的抑制作用,且这种抑制作用恢复非常缓慢。因此,吡蚜酮防治褐飞虱的持效期较长。 相似文献
3.
比较研究了采自菲律宾国际水稻研究所室内长期用水稻抗性品种Mudgo驯化的褐飞虱生物型2和从广西田间褐飞虱种群中分离获得的田间生物型2的致害性、在不同抗性品种上的生长发育和生殖等特性。结果表明室内和田间生物型2对Mudgo和IR26的致害能力相同,即两者均能成功地致害含[WTBX][STBX]Bph1[WTBZ][STBZ]基因的水稻品种,但田间生物型2对ASD7和IR36的致害性明显比室内生物型2强,说明两者在具有抗性[WTBX][STBX]bph2[WTBZ][STBZ]的水稻品种上的致害性有差异。取食不同抗性品种时,田间生物型2的若虫历期均比取食相同品种的室内生物型2短,两个生物型2在取食ASD7时的若虫历期最长、存活率最低、雌成虫体重最轻、产卵量和蜜露量最少、种群增长指数和营养指数最低。取食IR26的田间生物型2的若虫存活指数和种群增长指数均明显高于取食IR26的室内生物型2的指数,同时也显著高于取食Mudgo的生物型2。建议在进行褐飞虱致害性监测和水稻品种抗性评价时以选用IR26为宜。 相似文献
4.
连作晚稻前期施药种类和时间对褐飞虱种群动态的影响 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
田间试验研究了连晚前期施药种类和时间对褐飞虱种群动态的影响。结果表明施药后褐飞虱种群数量均有不同程度下降，但对褐飞虱主害代的控制作用与使用的农药种类和时间有密切的关系，而农药对褐飞虱的控制作用随种群的发展而下降。施药区褐飞虱种群增长倍数较对照区显著提高，其主要原因是农药对天敌尤其是对微蛛和黑肩绿盲蝽的杀伤作用。引起褐飞虱种群增长倍数提高的主要时期在四代成、若虫高峰期至五代卵高峰期，即施药后2～3周内。在各种供试药剂中，施用三唑磷的小区明显出现再增猖獗现象．根据以上结果，讨论了改善褐飞虱化学防治的途径。 相似文献
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6.
中国杂交稻的"超感虫性"研究概况 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：8
介绍了高度感虫的中国杂交稻推广带来水稻害虫生态地位发生的变化.褐飞虱和白背飞虱上升为杂交稻上最突出的极易爆发成灾的重要害虫.20世纪70年代以前,白背飞虱只是水稻上的次要害虫,但80年代以来其种群大大增加.由于它从中国南部杂交稻种植区大范围迁飞,白背飞虱也成为中国中部地区粳稻上的重要害虫.由于种植具有抗褐飞虱基因Bph1的杂交稻组合,褐飞虱种群曾得到暂时的控制.然而,抗虫性的杂交稻在中国中部和南部稻飞虱迁飞区推广以后,褐飞虱生物型发生了改变,对抗虫品种产生了适应性.1990年以后,以前表现抗虫的杂交稻变得高感褐飞虱.缺乏抗虫性主基因不是中国杂交稻对稻飞虱超感性的充分理由,杂交稻旺盛生长的杂种优势可能是稻飞虱生殖力提高的部分原因.中国杂交稻对稻飞虱的超感虫性是从不育系遗传而来的.因此,杂交稻抗虫性的提高有赖于不育系的改良.利用持久抗性和多抗性的IR品种如IR64作为恢复系是改善中国杂交稻的超感虫性的一种有效方法.杂交稻上二化螟和三化螟为害也有所增加.与常规稻相比,杂交稻是一种更有利的食料植物且耐虫性更强.进行水稻产量损失的估计,尤其是水稻本身对螟虫为害的补偿能力,以及螟虫和杂交稻之间的生态学关系的研究有助于评价杂交稻对螟虫田间抗性的实际影响. 相似文献
7.
【目的】褐飞虱（Nilaparvata lugens）是水稻重大害虫，灯光诱捕一直是褐飞虱监测的重要方法。然而，褐飞虱的两个同属近似种伪褐飞虱（N. muiri）和拟褐飞虱（N. bakeri）也具有扑灯行为，常被误判为褐飞虱。针对测报灯下褐飞虱属近似种形态鉴定费时费力、专业技能要求高，伪褐飞虱和拟褐飞虱常被误判为褐飞虱这一问题，拟建立一种褐飞虱属3种飞虱的快速分类鉴定方法。【方法】以条形码基因ITS1为靶标，筛选褐飞虱属通用引物及物种特异性探针，建立并优化直接多重Taqman qPCR检测体系（Direct Multiplex TaqMan quantitative PCR,dmTqPCR），并分析其特异性、灵敏度及实用性。【结果】本研究建立的3种飞虱dmTqPCR检测方法特异性强，可准确区分褐飞虱、伪褐飞虱和拟褐飞虱；灵敏度高，检出限可达10拷贝/反应；大样本检测结果表明，382个样本从样本获取到结果输出的整个过程可在3 h内完成，检出率及准确率均为100%。【结论】本研究建立的褐飞虱属近似种的dmTqPCR鉴定方法可以用于褐飞虱、伪褐飞虱和拟褐飞虱的快速分类鉴定，有利于灯下褐飞虱... 相似文献
8.
不同致害性褐飞虱种群刺吸电位图（EPG）的比较 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用刺吸电位图(EPG)比较分析了两个致害性不同的褐飞虱种群（TN1种群、Mudgo种群）在感虫品种TN1和抗性品种Mudgo（含Bph1抗虫基因）上的取食行为。结果表明,种群类型、水稻品种对I波的影响最明显,A波次之,S波再次之;试虫性别对各参数均无显著影响。TN1种群在TN1上及Mudgo种群在TN1、Mudgo上这3种能致害处理下的S波、A波均短于TN1试虫在Mudgo上（不能致害）,其中A波的差异达显著水平;而能致害的3种处理的I波持续时间则显著长于不能致害处理。若以3 h内I波持续时间75 min为分界线,高于该值为能致害,低于该值为不能致害,对TN1种群、Mudgo种群致害性的判别准确率分别为82.6%和100%。提出该参数可用于进一步开发褐飞虱个体致害性检测新技术。 相似文献
9.
通过室内筛选得到了对甲胺磷具有极高水平抗性的抗性品系（抗性倍数198.63）。利用该抗性品系与敏感品系、田间种群杂交,杂交子代的抗性水平都明显地倾向于抗性品系,表明杂交子代的抗性水平有利于本地抗性的发展。通过建立实验种群生命表,发现与敏感品系和田间种群相比,抗性品系及其与敏感品系、田间种群杂交子代的生物适合度都有显著下降,表明抗性品系及其杂交子代种群增长具有很大的不利性,从而减少了抗性虫源数量,有利于本地敏感性的回复。从褐飞虱迁飞、杂交子代抗药性及生物适合度变化的角度,讨论了迁飞扩散对褐飞虱的甲胺磷抗性发展的影响。 相似文献
10.
经除草剂处理的水稻对褐飞虱体内几种酶及水稻受褐飞虱为害程度的影响 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
褐飞虱５龄若虫在不同除草剂不同剂量处理的水稻上短期取食(取食１ h)和长期取食（３龄若虫取食至５龄,约７ d）,然后测定其体内代谢酶、保护酶的变化。褐飞虱取食除草剂处理的水稻后其体内羧酸酯酶活性不论是短期取食还是长期取食均极显著高于对照（未施用除草剂）;乙酰胆碱酯酶活性明显高于对照;稻乐思、苯达松低剂量、丁草胺高剂量处理短期取食后超氧化物歧化酶活性显著低于对照,所有处理长期取食明显高于对照;过氧化物酶活性除了稻乐思300 mL/hm2和苯达松1500 mL/hm2处理短期取食低于对照外（但没有达显著差异）,也不同程度地高于对照。褐飞虱在除草剂处理的水稻上蜜露排泄量显著增加,水稻受害程度与对照相比极显著加重。除草剂处理后的水稻游离氨基酸的含量增加而蔗糖含量下降,由此表明除草剂施用后对水稻和褐飞虱具有双向效应 相似文献
11.
ZHAO Ying TONG Xiao-li HUANG Feng-kuan 《水稻科学》2006,13(1):75-78
The brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (St?l), is a monophagous pest that feeds only on rice, and sucks the juice from the phloem resulting in drying of the leaves and wilting of the tillers, causing ‘hopper burn’, as well as being an important… 相似文献
12.
褐飞虱（Nilaparvata lugens Stål., BPH）是水稻最主要的害虫之一,给水稻生产造成严重的危害。携带不同抗性基因的抗褐飞虱水稻材料抗性机制不同,挖掘普通野生稻抗褐飞虱基因并研究其介导的抗性机制及相关信号通路对水稻育种具有重要的意义。本研究基于课题组前期从广西普通野生稻‘W2183'挖掘出的位于4号染色体InDel标记S13和X48之间38 kb处新基因Bph36,以‘9311'和‘抗蚊青占'为感性对照,05RBPH16和NIL-Bph36为抗性对照,通过褐飞虱宿主选择性、蜜露量测定、褐飞虱存活率及褐飞虱生长速率等方法分析Bph36介导的抗褐飞虱机制;同时,以‘抗蚊青占'为感性对照,NIL-Bph36为抗性对照,通过qRT-PCR分析植物防御昆虫侵害的三大信号途径：水杨酸、茉莉酸和乙烯相关基因表达量的差异。抗性机制研究结果表明：褐飞虱在抗性材料植株上的虫口密度显著低于感性材料植株,抗性材料上的褐飞虱存活率、群体生长率及取食后排泄的蜜露量均比感性对照显著降低。Bph36介导的抗性机制是寄主抗生性和害虫趋避性相互作用的结果。qRT-PCR结果表明：褐飞虱取食后,各个时间段抗性材料NIL-Bph36植株中水杨酸合成相关基因EDS1、PAD4、PAL和水杨酸途径病程相关蛋白基因PR10的表达量显著高于感性材料‘抗蚊青占'植株中的表达量;抗性材料NIL-Bph36植株中,茉莉酸合成基因LOX2和茉莉酸积累基因AOS2的表达量比褐飞虱取食前显著提升,但是比同时段感性材料植株中表达量显著降低;褐飞虱取食后,抗、感性材料植株中乙烯信号途径基因EIN2的表达量都受到抑制,基因ACO3表达量都提高,但2种材料间的差异不显著。茉莉酸途径和乙烯途径参与了NIL-Bph36植株抗褐飞虱的基础防御反应,但Bph36激活的抗性不是茉莉酸和乙烯依赖的信号防御途径而是激活水杨酸依赖的系统获得性抗性。研究结果为进一步研究Bph36与其他抗性基因聚合,培育兼有多种抗性机制和防御信号途径的优良品种奠定基础。 相似文献
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The brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae), is a long-distance migratory insect pest in temperate eastern Asia and is a classical resurgent rice pest that is induced by insecticides. Knowledge of the effect of insecticides on the flight capacity of insects is needed to understand their migration, which may help to improve the management of insect pests. Our previous study demonstrated that some insecticides enhance the flight capacity of BPH. However, the effect of insecticides on the flight muscle of BPH is not well understood. Thus, the present study examined the effect of triazophos, a classical insecticide that induces the resurgence of BPH, on the ultrastructure of macropterous females using transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that the diameter of myofibrils one and two days after adult female emergence (DAE) following treatment with 40 ppm triazophos was significantly greater than that of the control, increasing by 31.4 and 21.5%, respectively. In addition, the length of the sarcomeres at two and three DAE was significantly greater than that of the control, increasing by 73.8 and 50.8%, respectively. The percentage of mitochondrial volume in the muscle fibres at one and two DAE was 146.2 and 67.7% greater than that of the control, respectively. These findings show that the mechanisms of triazophos-induced enhancement of the flight capacity of BPH involve changes in the ultrastructure of the flight muscle. 相似文献
14.
Lü Jun Liu Jinhui Chen Lin Sun Jiawei Su Qin Li Shihui Yang Jianhua Zhang Wenqing 《水稻科学》2022,29(6):559-568
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) can participate in plant-insect interactions, which regulate plant defense networks. In this study, we analyzed the miRNA expression profiles of six rice varieties before and after brown planthopper (BPH)-feeding. We identified 45 differentially expressed miRNAs between BPH- susceptible and BPH-resistant rice varieties and 144 miRNAs that responded to BPH-feeding. Thus, miRNAs may be involved in multiple pathways regulating rice defense response against BPH. In addition, we found that the genetic history of rice varieties determined the regulation mode of the miRNA and affected the amounts, types, changing trends and response periods of miRNAs in response to BPH- feeding. To conclude, we scanned seven potential cross-kingdom miRNAs, of which miR5795 may target the vitellogenin gene in BPH, causing a 16.07% reduction in BPH oviposition. The results provide new miRNA information of rice-BPH interactions and BPH-resistant rice variety breeding. 相似文献
15.
The brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Stål), appeared as a devastating pest of rice in Asia. Experiments were conducted to study the effects of three nutrients, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K), on BPH and its host rice plants. Biochemical constituents of BPH and rice plants with varying nutrient levels at different growth stages, and changes in relative water content (RWC) of rice plants were determined in the laboratory. Feeding of BPH and the tolerance of rice plants to BPH with different nutrient levels were determined in the nethouse. Concentrations of N and P were found much higher in the BPH body than in its host rice plants, and this elemental mismatch is an inherent constraint on meeting nutritional requirements of BPH. Nitrogen was found as a more limiting element for BPH than other nutrients in rice plants. Application of N fertilizers to the rice plants increased the N concentrations both in rice plants and BPH while application of P and K fertilizers increased their concentrations in plant tissues only but not in BPH. Nitrogen application also increased the level of soluble proteins and decreased silicon content in rice plants, which resulted in increased feeding of BPH with sharp reduction of RWC in rice plants ultimately caused susceptible to the pest. P fertilization increased the concentration of P in rice plant tissues but not changed N, K, Si, free sugar and soluble protein contents, which indicated little importance of P to the feeding of BPH and tolerance of plant against BPH. K fertilization increased K content but reduced N, Si, free sugar and soluble protein contents in the plant tissues which resulted in the minimum reduction of RWC in rice plants after BPH feeding, thereby contributed to higher tolerance of rice plants to brown planthopper. 相似文献
16.
水稻抗虫品种对褐飞虱和白背飞虱种群增长的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
利用实验种群生命表和Morris-Watt模式综台评价了5个已推广的水稻品种对褐飞虱 Nilaparvata lugens Stal和白背飞虱Sogatetla furcifera Horvath的抗性及品种对稻飞虱各虫态的抗性作用大小。IR36、汕优6号、协优10号、秀水620和丙664对褐飞虱种群增长有明显的抑制作用；而品种秀水620、丙664和协优10号对白背飞虱呈中抗水平。同时发现，品种对稻飞虱各虫态抗性作用在成虫产卵期最明显，对褐飞虱表现为：成虫产卵期>卵孵化期>高龄(3-5龄)若虫期>低龄(1-2龄)若虫期；对白背飞虱则为：成虫产卵期>低龄若虫期>高龄若虫期>卵孵化期。 相似文献
17.
亚致死剂量吡虫啉和吡蚜酮对褐飞虱生物适合度的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
全面评价了亚致死剂量吡虫啉和吡蚜酮对褐飞虱繁殖力和生存力的长期影响。毒力测定结果显示,吡虫啉和吡蚜酮对褐飞虱3龄若虫的LC50分别为42.41 mg/L和396.46 mg/L,吡虫啉毒力约是吡蚜酮毒力的9.35倍。通过建立褐飞虱在吡虫啉和吡蚜酮亚致死剂量（LC30）作用下的生命表,发现褐飞虱在两种药剂处理下生物适合度都有所下降,分别为对照试虫的83.8%和8.4%。吡虫啉处理试虫仅羽化率明显低于对照,而吡蚜酮处理试虫的羽化率、雌虫比例、雌成虫寿命和卵孵化率各参数都明显下降。亚致死剂量的吡蚜酮使褐飞虱日产卵节律和卵孵化高峰都有所推迟,这可能是吡蚜酮对褐飞虱产生取食抑制作用进而导致其生殖器官发育缓慢造成的。 相似文献
18.
《Crop Protection》1988,7(4):273-278
A surveillance system for the brown planthopper (BPH) was set up in the Tanjung Karang Irrigation Scheme, Selangor, Malaysia after an extensive outbreak of the pest in 1977. The system has since grown to cover all major rice-growing schemes in Peninsular Malaysia. However, the Tanjung Karang Irrigation Scheme remained the most advanced area in terms of operating an early warning system for BPH. This paper describes how the data are collected, analysed and appropriate action taken to manage BPH. Information of the incidence of BPH and its natural enemies were obtained by field scouting, light trapping, and aerial net trapping. The data obtained would be supplemented by information on plant growth, farm practices and weather. A rice planthopper control committee existed in the Scheme to examine the surveillance data and using pragmatic threshold levels together with prey: predator ratios, decisions on management of the BPH would be issued for immediate implementation. As a result of the surveillance system operating in the Tanjung Karang Irrigation Scheme, the number of outbreaks of the BPH has decreased since 1977. In addition, the availability of early warning information has encouraged the implementation of integrated pest control programmes in the scheme. The incorporation of natural enemies in the collection of data and the recognition of predators in decision making has highlighted the importance of natural enemies in managing BPH and this in turn has discouraged indiscriminate use of insecticides. 相似文献
19.
An interspecific hybrid line pf9279 was obtained by protoplast fusion between 02428(japonica, with a wide compatibility gene) and CNW240 (O. officinalis, from Malaysia) at CNRRI in 1992. Possible introgression of planthopper resistance from O.officinalis into pf9279 was investigated by field and laboratory experiments during 1998-1999 at CNRRI. Thirty-day-old seedlings of pf9279 and other rice varieties were individually transplanted with a spacing of 18× 24 cm in each plot (ca 7× 20 m) on Jun 15, 1999. Population trends of brown planthopper(BPH), Nilaparvata lugens, and whitebacked planthopper(WBPH),Sogatella furcifera were examined weekly by visual counting of adult females on 50-100 hills for each variety. 相似文献
20.
水稻品种对黑肩绿盲蝽功能反应的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在室内研究了以不同水稻品种上褐飞虱(Nilaparvata lugens)为食的黑肩绿盲蝽(Cyrtorhinus lividipennis)对褐飞虱卵的功能反应。结果表明,以TN1、IR26、IR64和丙97-34等4个品种上褐飞虱为食的黑肩绿盲蝽的功能反应均显著地强于以丙97-59上褐飞虱为食的黑肩绿盲蝽的,而在前面的4个品种间则差异不明显。统计分析表明,由丙97-59上所育出的黑肩绿盲蝽对猎物的处理时间显著或极显著地长于由其他4个品种上所育出的,而瞬时攻击率则在5个品种上所育出的黑肩绿盲蝽间差异不显著,这说明导致不同品种上育出的黑肩绿盲蝽功能反应差异的原因主要在于其对猎物处理时间上的不同。文中还就试验结果在害虫治理中的意义进行了讨论。 相似文献