共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 187 毫秒
1.
对于并联供水水库群，通过共同用户相互联系，不仅要参照每个成员水库的状态特征确定供水决策，还要根据每个成员水库的状态特征合理分配共同供水任务。针对跨流域水库群共同供水任务的分配问题，为制定科学、有效合理、均衡公平的共同供水任务的水库间分配规则，寻求并联水库群共同调度规则的最优性运行策略，通过拟定合理的平衡曲线的方式，确定并联水库群共同供水任务的分配比例，指示各库在不同调度时段的蓄水最佳分配策略，并以不同拐点和斜率描述平衡曲线的分段性，表征汛期、非汛期各水库蓄水量及供水量的变化，以缺水率最小及弃水量最小为目标函数建立优化模型对分配规则进行修正，最后采用基于免疫进化的粒子群算法率定平衡曲线的决策变量突变点及斜率，最终得到相对优秀的供水规则。以滦河流域下游水库群为研究对象，结果表明，该方法能有效地实现调度目标，合理划分共同供水任务，提高水库群共同供水任务的计算效率；拟定合理平衡曲线对并联水库群共同供水任务进行分配，其库群系统供水量较补偿调节增加约5%，弃水量减少10%左右，与动态规划得到的最大供水量、年均弃水量及保证率接近，水库间供水任务分配比例与其兴利库容的比值接近，并且成员水库有较大的供水... 相似文献
2.
本文提出一种计算机模拟模型,用以编制灌溉为主综合利用水库调度图。该模型可以考虑水库向各用户供水的优化次序和不同的设计保证率,绘制各用户的调度线,给出不同时期不同水库蓄水量情况下的运行规则,有利于更好地发挥综合效益。模拟运行通过微机即可实现,便于推广应用。 相似文献
3.
水库群多级保证率优化调度函数的研究及应用 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文建立了水群优化联合调度数学模型，并用目标规划模拟法对其进行优化模拟计算，在此基础上，提出了制作以灌为主的水库群多级保证率优化调度函数的原理和方法，并以新疆玛河注域四座水库联调为例，建立了具有保证率概念的分段调度函数，通过模拟运行，证明以联调函数指导水库群联合调度是合理可行的。 相似文献
4.
5.
《中国农村水利水电》2016,(1)
运用运筹学方法建立了平原地区多水库联合运用情况下供水优化调度的动态规划模型。该模型以多水库从不同水源取水及各水库向城市供水的成本最低为目标函数,以月为计算时段,在各时段内通过计算对比不同取、供水方案的目标函数值,分别选取各阶段最优方案,最终使水库联合供水方案趋近总体最优。采用该模型对江苏省赣榆县平原水库和拟建地下水库的联合运用情况进行了模拟,结果表明,水库联合运用可很大程度上缓解枯水期的供水压力,与水库单一运用相比,不仅可提高城市供水保证率,每年还将节省约370万元的水源成本费用。 相似文献
6.
多水源多目标供水系统模拟模型研究 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：8
对于具有水库供水和地下水源地供水的联合供水系统，应用水资源系统模拟模型，并利用计算机的数据处理功能，建立了地表水地下水联合调度模拟模型。经历史资料验征，对于提高供水保证率和充分合理地利用水资源，具有显著的经济、环境和社会效益。 相似文献
7.
通过构建梯级水库跨流域预报优化调度模型对跨流域调水实时调度过程中的供水水库的跨流域可调水量进行研究。梯级水库跨流域预报优化调度模型以最大供水能力和最大发电量为主要目标,选择逐步优化算法对跨流域调水调度系统进行优化调度。实例研究结果表明,采用预报优化调度模型进行跨流域供水和梯级水库发电调度,能够明显地提高跨流域可调水量,有效地提高水资源的利用效率。 相似文献
8.
《中国农村水利水电》2016,(8)
针对调水量与调水时机不确定的问题,建立基于供水系统全局风险最小化的多水库联合模拟优化调度模型,采用并行多种群混合进化的粒子群算法(PMSE-PSO)全局优化确定满足各水库供水要求的水库群调水规则和供水规则,并优化确定调水水库的最大调水规模,最后根据优化规则及调水规模进行水库调度计算,进而求出各计算时段调水量以及各水库区用水户供水量。本模型从缺水区域风险最优化的角度,优化确定水库供水限制线、调水控制线和调水水库的最大调水规模,模拟各时段实际调水量和不同用水户供水优先次序的供水量,实现了多水库联合调度的技术突破,为水库调度决策部门提供了一个新的调度思路。通过高关-短港水库灌区的实例应用,证明了该模型的科学性和有效性。 相似文献
9.
隐随机优化调度及其调度规则的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以确定性优化方法为基本途径，以回归分析为基本手段，并利用基于模拟运行与确定性优化调度的迭代算法，来寻求合理的、有效的可指导水库实际运行的调度规则。以单库为例的研究结果表明：在相同保证率下，实际应用所取得的经济效益与随机优化调度不相上下，但明显优于常规调度。 相似文献
10.
提出了单座水库与单座补水泵站水资源优化调度的非线性数学模型,模型以年内各时段的缺(弃)水量的平方最小为目标函数,各时段水库供水量和泵站引提水量为决策变量,各时段水库库容为状态变量,以年调节水库可供水量、泵站年引提水总量、水库与补水泵站的联合运行准则(泵站闲时补库、忙时供水)等为约束条件,并以南水北调东线一期江苏境内"骆马湖-皂河站"为实例,采用动态规划逐次逼近法进行求解。结果表明,相同供水保证率时,50%、75%、95%来水频率下泵站补水量、缺水量、弃水量比常规调度均有减少。 相似文献
11.
针对水资源相当贫乏的辽河平原地区，运用系统工程理论，采用模拟技术，研究利用区内冲洪积层，建设地下水库；依循三水转化规律，人工强化回灌，加大地下含水体的反调节能力，大大提高水资源的重复利用率。在科学的水源开发规程下，找到了数十万公顷水田灌溉可不依靠上游水库调节供水的区内多种水源的优化开发与运用策略。灌溉节省的水量，转向工业及城市建设，综合效益巨大。 相似文献
12.
石津灌区储水灌溉条件下土壤水分动态及灌水适宜阈值研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
从土壤水分能态角度,研究储水灌溉条件下土壤水分的动态变化及空间分布,探求适宜储水灌溉定额阈值范围。研究结果表明,灌水定额大于200 mm时,2 m以下土层出现水分深层渗漏,灌水定额300、2502、00 mm时,深层渗漏量分别达到587.63、236.32、152.05 m3/hm2;灌水定额75～150 mm,2 m以下土层无水分渗漏。因此,储水灌溉灌水定额阈值范围控制在750～1 500 m3/hm2,可以把灌溉水储存于深层土体内,以供作物生长期使用;储水灌溉模式在石津灌区可有效解决灌区来水与灌溉用水的错位矛盾,满足作物正常生长对水分的需求。 相似文献
13.
《Agricultural Water Management》2002,57(3):207-221
The Samanalawewa and Udawalawe reservoirs were built to harness the hydro-energy and irrigation potentials of the Walawe river in Sri Lanka. The recently completed Samanalawewa reservoir primarily generates hydropower while the Udawalawe reservoir, which was built in the 1960s, supplies water mainly for irrigation. With the addition of the Samanalawewa reservoir, located upstream of the Udawalawe reservoir, the Government of Sri Lanka is planning to increase the irrigated area of the Udawalawe reservoir. The Samanalawewa reservoir is expected to act as an additional storage for irrigation water supply. A study was carried out to investigate the operational behavior of these two reservoirs. The model used in the study is based on stochastic dynamic programming (SDP) and simulation techniques. Since, the direct application of SDP for two reservoirs is limited by the dimensionality of the problem, a sequential decomposition method is employed in the model. The algorithm employed breaks down the system into single-reservoir subsystems and subsequently, each subsystem’s operation is individually optimized using a SDP based optimization model and then simulated using a reservoir operation simulation model. The results indicate the usefulness of optimization techniques in planning reservoirs and deriving operational policies for them. The inclusion of the Samanalawewa reservoir reduces the irrigation water supply deficits at the Udawalawe reservoir. 相似文献
14.
提出基于改进多目标决策模型的大桥水库灌区渠系自适应规划方法,合理规划大桥水库灌区渠系配水,提高水资源利用率,降低无效弃水以及对生态环境的影响。以配水结束后灌区各渠系缺水量、渠道输水损失量以及农作物生产带来的灰水足迹三者最小为大桥水库灌区渠系规划多目标决策函数,以渠道输水能力、水量和时间为约束条件,构建大桥水库灌区渠系规划的多目标决策模型;以栅格法构建路径规划的运行环境,通过移动几率优化、信息素挥发系数自适应调整两方面改进蚁群算法,通过改进蚁群算法寻优获取渠道缺水量、输水损失量、灰水足迹最小的水库灌区渠系规划结果。实验证明：该方法可以有效规划大桥水库灌区渠系的水资源,规划后的灌区渠系在缺水量、渠道输水损失量以及灰水足迹方面都有较好的表现,且效率高、应用性强。 相似文献
15.
《Agricultural Systems》1998,58(4):529-554
An integrated approach to reservoir, irrigation, and cropping management which links four different models—a hydrologic model (PRMS), a crop growth simulation model (EPIC), an economic model based on linear programming, and a dynamic programming model—is developed and demonstrated. The demonstration is based on an irrigation district located in a subhumid climate with an irrigation reservoir large enough for over-year storage. The model is used to make repeated simulations for various planning horizons. Two different types of results are presented. The first provides the probability that each of the various farm plans (land/crop/water allocation) will be chosen as the optimum in the first year of the planning horizon. The second approach provides probability distributions of accumulated revenues over a chosen length of planning horizon. Each distribution is associated with an initial reservoir level and a particular farm plan in the first year of the planning horizon. The consequence of selecting certain farm plans at the beginning of a specified planning horizon is therefore quantified in a probabilistic way. Based on families of probability–revenue curves, an irrigation manager can simultaneously evaluate crop, irrigation, and reservoir management options. 相似文献
16.
通过分析南湾灌区灌溉用水资料,推求出灌溉定额与降雨频率的关系式,绘制不同降雨情况下不同灌溉面积的灌水量图及逐旬分配比例,可供灌区制定用水计划及水库调度运用参考。 相似文献
17.
吴丽霜 《国际沙棘研究与开发》2017,(1)
本文以辽宁海滨灌区为例,以现状灌溉制度为基础,将《辽宁省行业用水定额》与《辽宁省各种作物灌溉制度分析》有机结合,确定灌溉定额.水量平衡分析过程中,将灌溉面积和可供水量分别分区,充分利用区间径流来减少水库供水,实现优化水资源配置,为灌区水资源科学合理利用提供决策性依据,也可供类似工程设计参考. 相似文献
18.
This paper investigates the impacts of farm ponds in a context of declining supplies in a major canal command within the Zhanghe Irrigation System (ZIS), in Central China. As dam supplies have been diverted to higher-valued uses (hydropower, cities and industry), farmers have responded by constructing small storages within their fields. These farm ponds have given them sufficient flexibility in water supply to practice varying forms of alternate wetting and drying irrigation for rice without compromising yields and incomes. Ponds are recharged by a combination of return flows from irrigation and runoff from catchment areas within the irrigated perimeter. Various scenarios of water supply incorporating the main reservoir, in-system reservoirs, farm ponds and irrigation practices were simulated using the OASIS model. OASIS integrates surface and groundwater flows, and contains a crop growth module to aggregate the impacts of different water management regimes. The modelling and sensitivity analysis show that further reductions in main reservoir supplies will have a negative effect on rice production in dry and average years, and that ponds have played a crucial role in adapting agriculture to reduced canal supplies. The flexibility allowed by the ponds has resulted in increased water productivity, except in high rainfall years, but net depletion has not decreased, as local supplies have substituted for water from the main reservoir. The study demonstrates the importance of properly accounting for return flows and the necessity to understand crop production in relation to the actual depletion of water (as evapotranspiration) within an irrigation system. 相似文献
19.
Optimization model of an irrigation reservoir for water allocation and crop planning under various weather conditions 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This paper develops a non-linear programming optimization model with an integrated soil water balance, to determine the optimal
reservoir release policies, the irrigation allocation to multiple crops and the optimal cropping pattern in irrigated agriculture.
Decision variables are the cultivated area and the water allocated to each crop. The objective function of the model maximizes
the total farm income, which is based on crop–water production functions, production cost and crop prices. The proposed model
is solved using the simulated annealing (SA) global optimization stochastic search algorithm in combination with the stochastic
gradient descent algorithm. The rainfall, evapotranspiration and inflow are considered to be stochastic and the model is run
for expected values of the above parameters corresponding to different probability of exceedence. By combining various probability
levels of rainfall, evapotranspiration and inflow, four weather conditions are distinguished. The model takes into account
an irrigation time interval in each growth stage and gives the optimal distribution of area, the water to each crop and the
total farm income. The outputs of this model were compared with the results obtained from the model in which the only decision
variables are cultivated areas. The model was applied on data from a planned reservoir on the Havrias River in Northern Greece,
is sufficiently general and has great potential to be applicable as a decision support tool for cropping patterns of an irrigated
area and irrigation scheduling. 相似文献
20.
赵荣海 《中国农村水利水电》1996,(9):20-22
利用工程实际资料，对井渠结合灌区的供水成本及水费标准进行分析讨论，提出现阶段水费计收标准以及加强灌区灌溉管理、降低供水成本、提高灌溉效益的初步建议，并为灌区作物结构优化设计提供依据。 相似文献