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通过对黔南山区谷子种质资源的考察，以及对所收集的２３０份地方品种材料的整理和种植鉴定，本文阐述了谷子在黔南山区的分布，生态环境及生产现状，并对２３０份材料的基本性状进行了分析。 相似文献
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种质资源是培育棉花新品种的基础材料。安徽省植棉历史悠久，生产上种植的棉花品种经历了从引进到自主选育的漫长过程。贯穿安徽省棉花新品种选育全过程的种质资源创新研究从艰难起步到繁荣发展，经历了7个不同的发展阶段，种质创新的目标也不断发展变化。品种引进时期，种质资源创新研究的主要目标是引进和筛选适合当地种植、综合性状优良的种质资源，丰富棉花种质资源的遗传基础。自主选育品种时期，种质资源创新研究主要针对育种目标，创制具有丰产、抗病、抗虫、优质、高配合力等优良性状的新种质，满足本省棉花生产不同发展阶段对新品种的需求。种质创新技术方法的不断改进与应用，促进了种质创新水平逐渐提升。对安徽省近70年（1953―2022年）棉花种质资源创新研究进行了回顾分析，并对未来发展方向进行了分析与展望。 相似文献
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引进燕麦种质资源饲草产量与饲用营养价值评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了有效利用引进的燕麦种质资源,促进黑龙江西部农牧交错区燕麦品种的高效利用与新品种选育,比较了66份引进燕麦种质资源的饲草产量、营养指标及其饲喂价值评估指标,以相对牧草质量和粗饲料分级指数3综合评定了饲草营养价值,并利用聚类分析对各品种饲草产量和营养价值进行了综合评价。结果表明,66个燕麦种质资源中,T07和坝莜12号饲草产量最高,为最适宜黑龙江西部地区种植、推广的高产草量燕麦品种;Heacharrelyngby营养价值最高,其次是都3、T19、三分三、74-N-29和白燕2号,为最适宜黑龙江西部地区种植、推广的高品质燕麦品种;通过聚类分析将供试种质分为5类,以种质群Ⅱ饲草产量最高、营养价值最低,种质群Ⅲ饲草产量最低、营养价值最高。 相似文献
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资源收集、评价是现代育种研究的基础,开展从越南引进的椰子种质资源形态评价研究对于进行我国椰子新品种培育具有重要参考价值。本试验根据椰子种质资源描述规范要求,对引进的越南椰子种质资源进行相关指标的测试。数据分析结果表明:茎围、叶柄颜色、树干长势可作为区分高种和矮种资源类型的重要指标;花序颜色、雌花量可以作为资源形态评价的关键指标;根据椰果颜色,把资源初步区分为红色类(YHY)、棕色类(YZY)和乳白色类(YRY);根据椰果的风味和可溶性固形物含量的不同,把资源分为香水类(YXS)、甜水类(YTS)。 相似文献
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中国水稻国外引种概况及效益分析 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
建国以来,我国通过各种途径引进了各类国外水稻种质,其中9963份已被国家种质库正式编目。通过检疫、隔离种植和多年评价,一批优异种质被直接或间接利用于水稻育种和生产。在我国水稻生产中,连续几年年种植面积超过6.67万hm2(100万亩)和在6670～66700hm2(10万～100万亩)的国外常规品种分别为22个和81个;具有国外胞质雄性不育和/或国外强恢复系(亲本/血缘)、年种植面积超过40万hm2(600万亩)的杂交水稻组合33个;一大批国外引进种质已成为不同时期我国高产、优质和多抗水稻育种的骨干亲本,近60年来衍生了2000余个新品种。据不完全统计,60年来,因直接和间接利用国外引入水稻种质而增产的稻谷超过773亿kg,产生了巨大的经济效益和社会效益。因此,加强国外水稻种质资源的引入,对于丰富我国稻种资源宝库,增加遗传多样性,防止遗传脆弱性,保证我国粮食安全意义重大。 相似文献
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定西市马铃薯种质资源引进与利用 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
为了明确从国内外引进的马铃薯种质资源在定西旱作区的表现,分早熟、中熟、晚熟,采用对比法对45份马铃薯种质资源的形态学特征、生物学特性进行了鉴定分析和评价。试验结果表明:在引进的45份材料中,晚熟材料有23份,田间抗病性强的材料有10份,抗旱性强的材料有23份,商品薯率在80%以上的材料有8份。对种质资源进行育种利用,通过配置优良组合,进一步挖掘资源潜力,筛选出‘冀张薯8号’等优良亲本材料。同时提出加强种质资源的深入鉴定,进行以拓宽遗传基础为主要目的的种质创新,丰富其遗传多样性,为以后针对不同用途利用这些资源提供有价值的参考依据。 相似文献
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为了明确从国内外引进的马铃薯种质资源在定西旱作区的表现,分早熟、中熟、晚熟,采用对比法对45份马铃薯种质资源的形态学特征、生物学特性进行了鉴定分析和评价。试验结果表明：在引进的45份材料中,晚熟材料有23份,田间抗病性强的材料有10份,抗旱性强的材料有23份,商品薯率在80％以上的材料有8份。对种质资源进行育种利用,通过配置优良组合,进一步挖掘资源潜力,筛选出‘冀张薯8号’等优良亲本材料。同时提出加强种质资源的深入鉴定,进行以拓宽遗传基础为主要目的的种质创新,丰富其遗传多样性,为以后针对不同用途利用这些资源提供有价值的参考依据。 相似文献
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Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
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《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
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Joseph E. Laferriere Charles W. Weber Edwin A. Kohlhepp 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1991,41(3):277-282
Teas of plant origin traditionally consumed by the Mountain Pima of Chihuahua, Mexico, were analyzed for mineral nutritional content. Fe, Cu, Zn, Ca, and Mg composition was determined for native teas made from shoots ofTagetes lucida, T. filifolia, Elytraria imbricata, andHolodiscus dumosus, and from root xylem ofCeanothus depressus andPhaseolus ritensis. Native uses of these teas are also described. 相似文献
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M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
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Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献
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Alejandro Carlos Tozzini María Fernanda Ceriani María Verónica Saladrigas H. Esteban Hopp 《Potato Research》1991,34(3):317-324
Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets
that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and
slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging
toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta.
Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X1 (also called RXact). 相似文献
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Rita Favas Janaína Morone Rosrio Martins Vitor Vasconcelos Graciliana Lopes 《Marine drugs》2022,20(3)
The loss of density and elasticity, the appearance of wrinkles and hyperpigmentation are among the first noticeable signs of skin aging. Beyond UV radiation and oxidative stress, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) assume a preponderant role in the process, since their deregulation results in the degradation of most extracellular matrix components. In this survey, four cyanobacteria strains were explored for their capacity to produce secondary metabolites with biotechnological potential for use in anti-aging formulations. Leptolyngbya boryana LEGE 15486 and Cephalothrix lacustris LEGE 15493 from freshwater ecosystems, and Leptolyngbya cf. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 and Nodosilinea nodulosa LEGE 06104 from marine habitats were sequentially extracted with acetone and water, and extracts were analyzed for their toxicity in cell lines with key roles in the skin context (HaCAT, 3T3L1, and hCMEC). The non-toxic extracts were chemically characterized in terms of proteins, carotenoids, phenols, and chlorophyll a, and their anti-aging potential was explored through their ability to scavenge the physiological free radical superoxide anion radical (O2•−), to reduce the activity of the MMPs elastase and hyaluronidase, to inhibit tyrosinase and thus avoid melanin production, and to block UV-B radiation (sun protection factor, SPF). Leptolyngbya species stood out for anti-aging purposes: L. boryana LEGE 15486 presented a remarkable SPF of 19 (at 200 µg/mL), being among the best species regarding O2•− scavenging, (IC50 = 99.50 µg/mL) and also being able to inhibit tyrosinase (IC25 = 784 µg/mL), proving to be promising against UV-induced skin-aging; L. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 was more efficient in inhibiting MMPs (hyaluronidase, IC50 = 863 µg/mL; elastase, IC50 = 391 µg/mL), thus being the choice to retard dermal density loss. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the data allowed the grouping of extracts into three groups, according to their chemical composition; the correlation of carotenoids and chlorophyll a with MMPs activity (p < 0.01), O2•− scavenging with phenolic compounds (p < 0.01), and phycocyanin and allophycocyanin with SPF, pointing to these compounds in particular as responsible for UV-B blockage. This original survey explores, for the first time, the biotechnological potential of these cyanobacteria strains in the field of skin aging, demonstrating the promising, innovative, and multifactorial nature of these microorganisms. 相似文献
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Alejandro M. S. Mayer Abimael D. Rodríguez Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati Nobuhiro Fusetani 《Marine drugs》2013,11(7):2510-2573
The peer-reviewed marine pharmacology literature from 2009 to 2011 is presented in this review, following the format used in the 1998–2008 reviews of this series. The pharmacology of structurally-characterized compounds isolated from marine animals, algae, fungi and bacteria is discussed in a comprehensive manner. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral pharmacological activities were reported for 102 marine natural products. Additionally, 60 marine compounds were observed to affect the immune and nervous system as well as possess antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, 68 marine metabolites were shown to interact with a variety of receptors and molecular targets, and thus will probably contribute to multiple pharmacological classes upon further mechanism of action studies. Marine pharmacology during 2009–2011 remained a global enterprise, with researchers from 35 countries, and the United States, contributing to the preclinical pharmacology of 262 marine compounds which are part of the preclinical pharmaceutical pipeline. Continued pharmacological research with marine natural products will contribute to enhance the marine pharmaceutical clinical pipeline, which in 2013 consisted of 17 marine natural products, analogs or derivatives targeting a limited number of disease categories. 相似文献