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利用若干单株混合提取DNA方法进行玉米群体SSR的分析 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：9
以金皇后玉米群体90个单株：DNA和6个自交系DNA为供试材料，利用15对SSR引物，比较了同一群体4种DNA样品处理(单株DNA样品、3个单株混合DNA样品、10个单株混合DNA样品、15个单株混合DNA样品)的SSR遗传多态性。结果表明，利用单株DNA样品能获得等位基因数、基因频率、基因型杂合度等较全面的遗传信息，适宜进行单个或少量群体的遗传结构研究，但试验工作量大；利用混合DNA样品所能获得的遗传信息有所减少，比较4种DNA样品处理的检测结果发现，15个单株混合样品的检测结果误差较大，而采用3～10个单株DNA混合的样品基本可以反映出一个群体的等位基因数目和SSR带型的差异，由于试验工作量大大减少，可以应用于较多玉米群体间遗传差异的比较。 相似文献
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一种玉米叶片基因组DNA快速提取新方法的初步研究 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
在玉米分子标记辅助育种工作中,需要对大量群体的个体样本进行分子标记分析,其中DNA的高效快速提取是关键的技术环节。以异硫氰酸胍为主要提取试剂,结合使用组织研磨器(Qiagen Tissuelyser),建立了一种玉米叶片基因组DNA的快速提取新方法。利用此方法提取玉米叶片基因组DNA,具有使用药品少、操作步骤简单、快速、成本低、DNA质量稳定等优点,通常情况下每人每个工作日可以提取300个DNA样品。此DNA提取方法可有效地用于玉米分子标记分析。 相似文献
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两个玉米回交一代群体中opaque2基因单侧连锁累赘的SSR分析 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
为了在回交一代既能较好地消除靶基因的遗传连锁累赘,又能在进行背景选择的基础上选择到轮回亲本遗传背景回复率较高的单株,本研究构建了单株数分别为1 416和1 627的SCBC1F1和HCBC1F1两个不同遗传背景的回交群体。结合玉米叶片DNA大量、快速提取法,使用5个与opaque2（o2）基因连锁并已定位的SSR标记,在SCBC1F1与HCBC1F1群体中,对o2基因单侧的连锁累赘进行SSR分析,并与Ribaut（2002）的计算机模拟结果进行比较,结果表明,本研究获得的结果优于相应的计算机模拟结果。并对分子标记辅助选择体系在玉米回交育种中应用的若干理论问题进行了讨论,认为在实际应用MAS程序中,不仅要重点考虑最终决选的单株数（Ni）,而且还应该考虑到实际有足够后代的中选单株数（Nj）。另外,结合预期要消除连锁累赘的图距,制备足够大的BC1F1群体是十分必要的。 相似文献
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12个外来玉米群体与我国主要种质配合力效应和杂种优势分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
国际玉米小麦改良中心(CIMMYT)和美国玉米带种质含有丰富的遗传变异, 是拓展我国玉米种质基础的重要来源。本文采用NCII遗传交配设计, 以中综5号、中综6号和中综7号综合种为测验种, 与12个外来群体配制36个组合。以郑单958为对照, 2009—2010年分别在北京顺义、山东济南和河南新乡进行产量及相关性状测定。利用Miranda Filho-Geraldi模型, 评价外来群体主要性状配合力效应及杂种优势表现。结果表明, Pob43、La Posta、Pob21、Pob32、Pob49、Pob501等群体的产量及相关性状GCA表现优良。群体Pob49、Pob501与我国PA种质, Pob32、BS29与我国PB种质, Pob43、La posta与我国D群四平头种质的遗传关系较近。因此, 在改良外来群体适应性的基础上, 可以我国A、B和D类群种质为核心, 将群体Pob21、Pob49、Pob501与A群种质, Pob32与B群种质, Pob43、La Posta与D群的四平头种质构建复合种质并进行改良, 逐步拓宽我国主要种质类群的遗传基础。 相似文献
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8个热带、亚热带玉米群体的配合力和 杂种优势分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
【研究目的】对8个热带、亚热带玉米群体Pob45、Pob46、Pob501、Pob502、Pool33、Pool34、Pob25、Suwan1进行配合力及杂种优势分析。【方法】试验以自交系昌7-2、郑22、掖478、齐319、Mo17为测验种,采用NCⅡ遗传设计。【结果】Pob25和Pob502的产量一般配合力（GCA）较高,综合产量的一般配合力（GCA）、特殊配合力（SCA）和配合力总效应。【结论】得出塘四平头（昌7-2）×Pob501,塘四平头（昌7-2）×Pob25,Reid（掖478）×Pob25,塘四平头（昌7-2）×Suwan1,旅大红骨（郑22）×Pob502为5大杂优模式。 相似文献
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SSR-PCR产物的重测序是SSR标记技术开发和应用的必要步骤。本研究以6个桉树DNA样品为对照组,1个基因组DNA混合池为试验组进行基因组DNA混合池在SSR引物筛选中的可靠性性分析。通过SSR-PCR产物的重测序分析,6个桉树单一DNA样品与基因组DNA混合池的扩增序列比对结果分析显示,两种模板扩增结果差异不显著,即基因组DNA混合池可以替代多个单一DNA样品进行SSR引物的高效筛选。利用20对SSR引物在6种桉树DNA样品中的扩增序列进行多态性分析发现,同一位点不同桉树种间的扩增序列存在长度多态性和核苷酸多态性,从而证实了SSR序列的多态性和复杂性,为SSR标记技术在桉树遗传育种研究中的应用提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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2个玉米人工合成群体部分S1株系SSR分析与产量配合力研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以39002和39007群体不同基本株的S166个单株及其与3个测验种按不完全双列杂交试验设计组配198个组合为供试材料,对单株产量的配合力和供试群体S1的多态位点数,基因杂合度等参数进行了分析,并利用遗传相似系数进行聚类。结果表明,39002S1单株产量GCA的表现明显优于39007S1,39002S1的多态位点数、多态位点比例、基因型数、变异系数、基因杂合度等均大于39007S1,说明39002S1的遗传组成较丰富,同时表明39002S1自交后代的纯合速率可能比39007S1慢。此外,39002S1部分株系与39002S1部分株系聚在同一亚类,说明它们之间可能有相似的遗传背景。 相似文献
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培育抗除草剂和抗旱的转基因玉米种质,通过超声波辅助农杆菌介导花粉非组培法将拟南芥抗旱基因At HDG11导入玉米自交系昌7-2中,获得转基因植株。通过逐代除草剂筛选、分子检测对获得的转基因植株进行检测,获得5株转基因株系。在此基础上,以非转基因自交系昌7-2为对照,对5个转基因株系进行抗旱性鉴测;对苗期和十叶期玉米植株进行干旱胁迫处理,测定转基因植株生理活性物质和光合参数。结果表明,在干旱胁迫条件下,转基因玉米叶片的Pro含量高于非转基因玉米,MDA含量低于非转基因玉米;不论在正常生长条件下还是干旱条件下,转基因株系的光合速率和水分利用率都明显高于对照植株;而转基因株系的蒸腾速率和气孔导度则明显低于对照植株。综合室内与田间的抗旱检测结果表明,超声波辅助农杆菌介导花粉的非组培转基因方法在玉米上是可行的。将拟南芥HDG11基因导入玉米,同样可以有效地提高玉米的抗旱性,为玉米的抗旱育种提供新的种质资源和新的转基因方法。 相似文献
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Maize commercial hybrids compared to improved population hybrids for grain yield and agronomic performance 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Improved maize (Zea mays L.) populations and population hybrids can both be profitable alternatives to commercial single-cross hybrids as well as good elite sources of diverse inbred lines. The objective of this research was to compare grain yield and agronomic performance between early maturing maize population hybrids and current early maturing commercial single-cross hybrids. This is a consequence of our research program targeted at identifying alternative heterotic patterns for the northern Corn Belt. Improved maize populations and population hybrids (S0 generations) were evaluated in experiments arranged in randomized complete block and partially balanced lattice designs across 29 environments. Grain yield potential of population hybrids was optimally expressed under irrigated conditions. Data across environments showed that 20% of the population hybrids evaluated were not different (P 0.05) from at least one of the commercial single-cross hybrids for grain yield performance, root lodging, and stalk lodging percentages. The average mid-parent heterosis value across population hybrids from different geographic regions was 20.4% with negative estimates observed in only two population hybrids. Breeding efforts toward elite populations and population hybrids have demonstrated that germplasm improvement is extremely valuable and deserves public funding. These efforts should be supported in order to enable the development of elite sources of diverse inbred lines and the development of improved population hybrids for specific markets (e.g., organic) to increase producer options. Public maize breeding programs utilizing recurrent selection methods for germplasm improvement could address the need. These programs, however, should incorporate extensive testing of population hybrids. 相似文献
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Grain amaranth (Amarantbus ssp.): Cultivation, Breeding and Properties of an Old Indian Plant
Current knowledge on evolution, systematics and biology, as well as on the status of genetic and breeding efforts on the grain-amaranth species A. caudatus, A. cruentus and A, hypochondriacus are compiled. The mineral contents and nutrient composition are compared with those of wheat and maize, and the potential cultivation of these crops in Central Europe, on the basis of experimental trials, is discussed. Amaranth could become a valuable human food source in Europe 相似文献
Current knowledge on evolution, systematics and biology, as well as on the status of genetic and breeding efforts on the grain-amaranth species A. caudatus, A. cruentus and A, hypochondriacus are compiled. The mineral contents and nutrient composition are compared with those of wheat and maize, and the potential cultivation of these crops in Central Europe, on the basis of experimental trials, is discussed. Amaranth could become a valuable human food source in Europe 相似文献
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Sam O. Ajala Muyideen O. Olayiwola Anthony O. Job Amudalat B. Olaniyan Melaku Gedil 《Plant Breeding》2020,139(6):1113-1124
Breeding efforts in West and Central Africa (WCA) have focused on the development of Low-N-tolerant (LNT) maize inbreds and their classification into heterotic groups. This study was conducted to classify LNT maize lines into heterotic groups using testcross performance, morphological and SNP markers and to compare the consistency of groupings by the three methods. Thirty-six LNT inbreds were crossed to two contrasting inbred testers to generate 72 testcrosses that were evaluated under low-N conditions in Nigeria in 2014. Also, the 36 inbreds and the two testers were evaluated for per se performance under similar conditions as the testcrosses in 2014 and genotyped in 2015 using 1,123,196 SNP markers. Based on testcross performance, 33 of the 36 LNT inbreds were grouped by the two testers. Morphological characterization from per se performance and genetic relationship by SNP markers classified the inbreds into four groups that were inconsistent with their pedigree. Correlation analysis showed non-concurrence of the three grouping methods. However, information from these groupings would assist in reducing the number of crosses to be made and evaluated. 相似文献
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区域农业结构的灰色关联分析与优势产业的发展 总被引：7，自引：3，他引：4
此文应用灰色关联分析、相关分析对中国中部地区三大区域的农村经济结构、农林牧渔业总产值结构、粮食产量结构、肉类产量结构进行了初步分析,确定了贡献较大的因子,并用时序模型对所研究的系列进行了模拟和预测。中部地区农业结构的现状是：非农产业的贡献越来越大,农、牧业为主的产值结构,中国玉米、小麦、稻谷、大豆优势产业带,中国肉牛、肉羊生产优势区。该区三大区域应根据各自的资源优势,因地制宜、大力发展其优势粮食作物、优势牛羊业和优势非农产业,进一步促进其农业和农村经济的可持续发展。 相似文献
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西南及四川区试玉米组合遗传多样性分析 总被引：14，自引：1，他引：13
采用表型性状分析、SSR标记和系谱分析对186个区试及引种试验玉米组合进行遗传多样性分析。结果表明,各组合间20个表型性状都变异在一个较小的范围内;利用筛选出的60对扩增条带清晰、具明显多态性的SSR引物,共检测到608个等位基因,每对引物检测到3~23个等位基因,平均为10.1个;SSR多态信息量（PIC）分布范围为0.5179~0.9256,平均值为0.7826;186个组合的遗传相似系数变幅在0.6067~0.9162之间,平均值为0.7722,相似系数在0.7000以上的组合有16 499对,占96.9%,供试材料分为10类,且88.2%的组合集中在第4、8、10类;51个系谱清楚的组合中有36个（占70.58%）与美国的PN种质有密切关系。以上结果均表明,供试组合相似程度较高,遗传差异较小,遗传基础相对单一,进一步拓展玉米种质遗传基础仍然显得十分必要。 相似文献
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Combining ability and testcross performance of drought‐tolerant maize inbred lines under stress and non‐stress environments in Kenya 
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下载免费PDF全文 Berhanu T. Ertiro Yoseph Beyene Biswanath Das Stephen Mugo Michael Olsen Sylvester Oikeh Collins Juma Maryke Labuschagne Boddupalli M. Prasanna 《Plant Breeding》2017,136(2):197-205
Drought and poor soil fertility are among the major abiotic stresses affecting maize productivity in sub‐Saharan Africa. Maize breeding efforts at the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) have focused on incorporating drought stress tolerance and nitrogen‐use efficiency (NUE) into tropical maize germplasm. The objectives of this study were to estimate the general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) of selected maize inbred lines under drought stress (DS), low‐nitrogen (LN) and optimum moisture and nitrogen (optimum) conditions, and to assess the yield potential and stability of experimental hybrids under these management conditions. Forty‐nine experimental three‐way cross hybrids, generated from a 7 × 7 line by tester crosses, and six commercial checks were evaluated across 11 optimum, DS and LN sites in Kenya in 2014 using an alpha lattice design with two replicates per entry at each site. DS reduced both grain yield (GY) and plant height (PH), while anthesis–silking interval (ASI) increased under both DS and LN. Hybrids ‘L4/T2’ and ‘L4/T1’ were found to be superior and stable, while inbreds ‘L4’ and ‘L6’ were good combiners for GY and other secondary traits across sites. Additive variance played a greater role for most traits under the three management conditions, suggesting that further progress in the improvement of these traits should be possible. GY under optimum conditions was positively correlated with GY under both DS and LN conditions, but GY under DS and LN was not correlated. Our results suggest the feasibility for simultaneous improvement in grain yield performance of genotypes under optimum, DS and LN conditions. 相似文献
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近35年湖北省低丘平原区玉米需水量及旱涝时空变化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用湖北省低丘平原区8个长期基准气象台站35年(1980—2014)气象资料,对湖北省不同区域春玉米、夏玉米及秋玉米的需水量、旱涝发生频率及其年际变化趋势进行了分析。结果表明玉米各生育阶段需水量区域间差异较小,而不同种植季玉米间差异较大。秋玉米需水量显著低于春玉米和夏玉米,春玉米需水量与夏玉米相近,且三季玉米的需水量随年份呈显著下降趋势,尤其是以鄂中地区需水量下降最多,平均达-18.62 mm(10a)~(–1)。鄂北、鄂中及鄂东南区域三季玉米播种-拔节阶段均以发生涝灾为主,其中重涝发生频率较高;鄂北及鄂中地区三季玉米拔节-完熟期主要以发生轻度干旱为主,尤其是灌浆期间旱灾发生频率较高;在鄂东南春玉米与夏玉米拔节-吐丝期间涝灾发生频率要高于旱灾,灌浆期间三季玉米均以旱灾较多,尤其是夏玉米与秋玉米旱灾要重于春玉米。各地区三季玉米不同生育时期旱涝年际变化趋势不显著。从降低旱涝胁迫风险考虑,建议鄂北地区主要发展夏玉米、鄂中及鄂东南地区主要发展春玉米,适当控制秋玉米面积;三季玉米拔节前均要注意防涝,拔节后注意防旱。 相似文献