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昆虫性信息素诱捕水稻二化螟效果试验初报 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为明确昆虫性信息素诱剂(水稻二化螟性诱剂A、B型)的控制水稻二化螟效果,2010年在广西灌阳县开展了昆虫性信息素防治水稻二化螟试验。结果表明:(1)使用9个A型诱剂水盆诱捕器诱虫总数312头,在第一、二、三、四代诱杀水稻二化螟雄成虫数分别为142头、115头、24头、31头,各代诱虫量呈下降趋势;使用9个B型诱剂水盆诱捕器诱虫总数239头,比A型少73头,在第一、二、三、四代诱杀水稻二化螟雄成虫数分别为119头、89头、13头、18头,诱虫量也呈下降趋势。(2)防治示范表明,A型区防治分蘖期枯心苗的防效为66.91%,对穗期防效达81.69%;B型区防治分蘖期枯心苗的防效为50.36%,对穗期防效达46.48%。 相似文献
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金龟甲蓖麻源引诱剂的配方筛选及田间效果评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了筛选植物源引诱剂用于多种金龟甲的生态治理,以华北大黑鳃金龟(Holotrichia oblita)、暗黑鳃金龟(H.parallela)和铜绿丽金龟(Anomala corpulenta)为研究对象,选取蓖麻叶释放的5种主要挥发物设计了10组金龟甲引诱剂的二元配方,采用触角电位技术并结合田间诱捕,评价了不同引诱剂配方的电生理活性和引诱效果。触角电位测定结果表明,活性配方一般含有绿叶气味物质顺-3-己烯-1-醇。其中配方1(顺-3-己烯-1-醇+邻苯二甲酸二丁酯)和配方6(顺-3-己烯-1-醇+苯甲醇)对3种靶标金龟甲的雌雄虫均表现出较强的触角电位活性,配方7(顺-3-己烯-1-醇+2-苯乙醇)对华北大黑鳃金龟雌雄两性也表现出较强的触角电位活性,配方8(肉桂醛+苯甲醇)对铜绿丽金龟雄虫有较强的触角电位活性。在金龟甲成虫发生高峰期,对上述10个配方进行初步筛选,发现配方6、配方8和配方1的综合表现最好,单个诱捕器30 d的累计诱虫量分别达110.30头、101.73头和74.97头。这些配方不仅能够大量诱捕上述3种靶标金龟甲,而且对黄褐丽金龟(A.exoleta)也有一定的诱捕效果。进一步对上述引诱活性较强的3种配方分别在洛阳和开封两地进行较大规模的诱捕试验,结果表明配方6和配方1的诱虫效果最好;其中在洛阳诱捕到的暗黑鳃金龟最多,还可诱捕到少量铜绿丽金龟和中华弧丽金龟(Popillia quadriguttata);在开封诱捕到的黑绒鳃金龟(Maladera orientalis)最多,还可诱捕到少量的暗黑鳃金龟和中华弧丽金龟,可能是不同地区金龟甲优势种类的差异所致。因此,配方6和配方1是对金龟甲具有广谱诱集效果的备选生态防控引诱剂。 相似文献
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利用性信息素技术试验研究了水稻二化螟越冬代和第 1代雄蛾飞行活动节律 ,确定其飞行起止时间为1 6 :0 0～ 6 :0 0 ,高峰期为 1 9:0 0～ 2 4 :0 0。第 1代雄蛾较越冬代雄蛾飞行能力低 ,其活动高峰期推迟了 2h ,且第 1代雄蛾 1 :0 0～ 2 :0 0时有一小活动高峰期。在较大面积二化螟诱捕中心区与边缘地带单盆诱蛾量有明显差异 ,而边缘地带二化螟雄蛾种群密度较大 ,这是因其种群迁入所致 相似文献
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为明确苹果不套袋栽培模式下桃小食心虫的发生动态、危害情况及性信息素的诱杀防治效果,本研究采用性信息素监测和诱杀的方法,在烟台、威海、泰安3个苹果产区对不套袋栽培苹果园桃小食心虫的发生动态及蛀果率进行了调查,并在泰安地区进行性信息素诱杀结合常规药剂(35%氯虫苯甲酰胺水分散粒剂)开展桃小食心虫的防治试验。结果表明,2016年烟台、威海、泰安3个地区田间桃小食心虫成虫发生始末期均为5月中下旬到10月上旬,6~9月是桃小食心虫群体数量发生的高峰期,其中,田间共出现2次比较明显的高峰,桃小食心虫发生动态趋势、成虫发蛾高峰期和持续时间在2种栽培模式下的差异不显著。3个苹果产区不套袋栽培苹果园的桃小食心虫性信息素诱捕器全年诱捕数量为2 148~5 384头·诱芯~(-1),显著高于套袋栽培苹果园的911~1 235头·诱芯~(-1);且不套袋栽培苹果园的桃小食心虫蛀果率为6.13%~8.63%,显著高于套袋栽培苹果园的0.38%~0.50%。在成虫发生期,7月初和9月初性信息素诱杀处理对桃小食心虫的防效分别为63.70%和78.19%,低于常规药剂防治处理的66.62%和80.94%;而性信息素诱杀结合常规药剂处理对桃小食心虫的防效分别为95.86%和96.85%,显著高于性信息素诱杀和常规药剂防治单独使用的效果。本研究为探明苹果不套袋栽培模式下桃小食心虫发生为害规律提供了重要参考,也为开展桃小食心虫的绿色防控提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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采用染色标记法研究不育桃小食心虫(Carposina nipponensis Wals.)扩散规律 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文研究了桃小食心虫(Carposina nipponensis Wals.)的染色标记技术和不育成虫在田间的扩散规律。将Sudan Blue 670(Ⅱ)染料加入到桃小食心虫幼虫的人工饲料内染色标记桃小食心虫,试验结果表明:染料浓度500ppm是较适宜的剂量,不仅使其幼虫、蛹、成虫及F_1代卵均匀染上蓝色,而且使精苞也染上浅蓝色,对桃小食心虫也无不良影响。采用释放染色标记虫及性诱剂诱捕技术研究桃小食心虫不育成虫的田间扩散规律,结果表明:不育虫在果园内的运动方向是随机的,80%集中在距释放点100米为半径的环域内,最远距释放中心225米,扩散密度与扩散距离有明显的回归关系,符合模型N=-0.67+402.45/X。 相似文献
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温度对不同穗重型水稻叶片保护酶活性及同工酶表达的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过人工控温,对不同穗重型品种叶片的过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和超氧化歧化酶(SOD)的酶活性及同工酶表达进行研究,结果表明:重穗型品种Ⅱ优162、冈优527在适温(24℃)、次高温(29℃)和高温(32℃)下,叶片中的3种保护酶活性都呈上升的趋势;而中穗型品种D优68和轻穗型品种E优540,在高温下其3种保护酶活性下降。从同工酶表达看,SOD的同工酶谱带在不同穗重型品种间无明显差异,且随温度的升高而减弱。CAT表达则在重穗型与中穗和轻穗型品种间有明显不同,特别是高温胁迫(38℃)下,中穗型和轻穗型品种谱带C1消失,而重穗型品种则产生1条新的CAT谱带C0。POD表达研究发现,不仅穗重型间,且在同一类型的品种间也存在差异性,但前者间的差异显著大于后者,表明不同穗重型可能存在不同的高温应答机制。 相似文献
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Fahimeh Hajatmand Gholamali Amin Mohammad Fereidoonpoor 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(4):357-363
Spiny bollworm, Earias insulana Boisduval. (Lep.: Noctuidae), causes huge losses to cotton crops each year. As a relatively hardy species of insect, E. insulana tolerates a wide range of environmental conditions and so is prevalent in many regions of the world. Effect of sex pheromone traps to control spiny bollworm by mass trapping method was studied. Investigation of monthly changes in captures in relation to temperature carried out during 2012 in the Darab region of the Fars Province of Iran. The experiment was carried out in randomised complete blocks design with four treatments and four replications. The treatments used application of the sex pheromone trap at the rates of 16, 20, 24 and 30 traps/ha. The captured male moths were collected and counted every three days. Analysis of the variance of results showed significant differences between time and trap number in the trapping values of E. insulana. Moth populations were observed in the second week of September. The highest and lowest captured insects per hectare were 30 and 16 traps/ha, respectively. The peak captured E. insulana adult males in the sampling period was on 18 November. These results enable forecasting of seasonal E. insulana population peaks, providing additional information vital for the development of a successful, integrated pest-management programme for spiny bollworm. 相似文献
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El-Sayed AM Heppelthwaite VJ Manning LM Gibb AR Suckling DM 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(4):953-958
The volatile compounds emanating from four fermented sugar baits, palm sugar, golden cane syrup, port wine, and molasses, were isolated by headspace sampling and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Three classes of compounds including esters, alcohols, and aromatic compounds were identified in the headspace of the four fermented sugar baits. There was a high degree of qualitative similarity between the headspace contents of the four fermented sugar baits, although quantitatively they varied considerably. Ethyl acetate, 3-methylbutanol, ethyl hexanoate, 2-phenylethanol, ethyl octanoate, ethyl (E)-4-decenoate, ethyl decanoate, and ethyl dodecanoate were the major compounds identified in the headspace of the four fermented sugar baits. The efficacy of the four fermented sugar baits was investigated in field trapping experiments. Fermented palm sugar and golden cane syrup were superior in attracting significant numbers of moths as compared to port wine and molasses. Fermented molasses was the least attractive among the four baits. Over 90% of the insects caught were noctuids with Graphania mutans and Tmetolophota spp. being the main noctuids captured (over 55%) in the four fermented sugar baits. Male and female G. mutans were equally attracted to the four sugar baits. A number of tortricid species were also trapped. 相似文献
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用稻谷、大米、玉米、小麦及添加剂一号、二号、三号,在室内和田间对南方特有鼠种——板齿鼠进行了适口性的选择试验。结果表明:饵料以稻谷的适口性最好,其次是大米、小麦、玉米,添加剂以一号的效果最好,其次是二号、三号。经大面积试验,用稻谷加添加剂一号与敌鼠钠盐配制的毒饵,投毒后14天调查,灭鼠效果为93.4％。 相似文献
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Khrimian A Lance DR Schwarz M Leonhardt BA Mastro VC 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(7):2452-2456
The browntail moth, Euproctis chrysorrhea (L.), is native to Eurasia, where periodic outbreaks result in defoliation of forest, shade, and ornamental trees. In addition to the damage caused by defoliation, human contact with larval urticating hairs often results in severe dermatitis. Hence, tools for monitoring and controlling the moth populations are desirable. The female-produced sex pheromone of the browntail moth was identified previously, but the synthesis had not been published. This paper reports the synthesis of the pheromone of the browntail moth, (7Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosatetraenyl isobutyrate, using in a key step a Wittig olefination of (6Z)-13-(tetrahydo-2H-pyran-2-yloxy)tridecenal. Field trapping studies were conducted with rubber septa and string formulations of the pheromone and included dose-response, pheromone purity, and dispenser-aging trials. It was found that traps baited with 250 microg of pheromone of 91-94% isomeric purity (main impurity presumably being the 13E isomer) on rubber septa are suitable for monitoring moth populations during the entire flight season. 相似文献
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触角电位（electroantennogram,EAG）技术是一个在昆虫性信息素和其它挥发性信息化学生物活性测定中的重要方法。本研究利用EAG技术,测定了八角尺蠖对丙酮、正己烷、乙醇和蒸馏水等4种不同溶剂所浸提的八角叶片及八角尺蠖性信息素腺体浸提液的电生理反应。结果表明,正己烷是八角尺蠖性信息素提取的最好溶剂,雄蛾对性信息素腺体浸提液的EAG反应比雌虫强烈,这在一定程度上反映了雄蛾可能更依赖于对雌蛾释放的性信息素的探测,而不是对寄主气味的探测;雄蛾对八角叶片的正己烷浸提液具有最强的EAG反应,而雌蛾则对八角叶片的丙酮浸提液的EAG反应最强,由此反映了雌雄个体在寻找寄主、繁殖后代等行为中的性别差异;雄蛾羽化后3h对八角叶片气味就有较强的EAG反应,在24h内EAG反应值随着羽化后时间的延长而增大,这反映了随着羽化后时间的延长,触角的机能随之趋于完善,因此对于外界的刺激更为敏感。本研究为利用八角尺蠖性信息素活性成分开展害虫的监测和无公害防治奠定基础。 相似文献
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The application of blue-dye to fishing baits is a seabird bycatch mitigation technique used in some pelagic longline fisheries that is thought to make the baits less visible and hence less attractive to seabirds. We tested this assumption in two ways. First, by measuring the spectral profiles of blue-dyed baits (fish and squid) and modelling the spectral profiles of the ocean under set conditions, we assessed how well wedge-tailed shearwaters (Puffinus pacificus) can distinguish dyed baits based on the known visual characteristics of this species. Results showed that no baits were perfectly cryptic against the background ocean, and only blue-dyed squid were relatively cryptic both in terms of chromatic and achromatic contrasts. Second, during at-sea trials blue-dyed and non-dyed baits that were simultaneously presented submerged on a longline or as surface presentations. During 26 longline sets which presented squid only, a 68% reduction in interactions with blue-dyed squid was observed compared to non-dyed squid. During surface presentations only 3-8% of blue-dyed squid baits were struck over the duration of the study compared with 75-98% of non-dyed squid bait. When using fish baits, however, approximately 48% of all blue-dyed baits presented in the first two days of trials received strikes from seabirds but this increased to 90% over the last three days. These results suggest the use of blue-dyed squid bait could decrease seabird bycatch in pelagic longline fisheries whereas blue-dyed fish baits are less likely to have a mitigatory effect. 相似文献
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We conducted two field experiments to explore the reactions of feral ferrets (Mustela furo) to traps and bait dispensers set on pastoral farmland in central North Island, New Zealand. First, in 2004 we showed that only six of 13 radio-collared ferrets resident near four observation stations approached to within 8 m of two stations, and only three of the six entered over 8 days of observation. Five of the 15 ferrets available on the 6000 ha study area eluded recapture, although all remained present. Second, in 2006 we monitored the survival of 23 radio-collared ferrets before, throughout and after a 5-week field experiment, using toxic bait deployed in 20 automated bait dispensers distributed over 2554 ha. Eight ferrets entered a bait dispenser: four entered but did not take the bait; two did not visit but were killed by secondary poisoning; and nine never entered a bait dispenser. After the experiment, intensive live trapping guided by repeated radio-location surveys retrieved only two of 13 collared ferrets that were definitely still alive on the study area. Inefficiency of trapping wide-ranging mustelids such as ferrets, stoats (Mustela erminea) and mink (Neovison vison) is probably commonplace, due to lack of opportunity (if animals take longer to find or enter a trap than it remains available) and/or to active avoidance (refusal to enter traps or to take bait). Our results provide confirmed examples of both, and help explain why short-term or seasonal control of invasive mustelids is often very inefficient, and eradication unlikely. 相似文献
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Codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), is a severe pest of apples, pears, and walnuts worldwide, and new approaches for precise monitoring and management would be beneficial. Ninety-two pome fruit volatiles were formulated in 23 distinct blends, of which a single 4-component blend of 10-carbon esters showed the only significant attraction of moths in field bioassays conducted in both walnut and apple orchards. A single constituent of this blend, ethyl (2E,4Z)-2,4-decadienoate--the "pear ester", was the major contributing attractant. The pear ester attracted both male and female moths in combined numbers that were comparable to the attractiveness of conspecific sex pheromone. Structure-activity tests were conducted in a series of orchard trials to determine the specificity of attraction of codling moths to the pear ester kairomone. No analogue 10-carbon alcohols, aldehydes, acetates, or other esters elicited significant moth capture responses. Tests with various analogue esters with alcohol chain length moiety substitutions of the (2E,4Z)-2,4-decadienoic acid elicited differential capture responses, with the ethyl exceeding the propyl, methyl, butyl, and hexyl analogues. The (E,Z) geometric isomers of this series of (2E,4Z)-2,4-decadienoic acid esters far exceeded the attractiveness of the (E,E) isomers. The pear ester is a potent attractant of both males and females, and codling moths are highly discriminating and specific in their structure-activity-based attraction to this pear-derived kairomone. These specificity attributes should allow this host plant kairomone to contribute to new abilities for female monitoring and the potential of development of novel and highly selective control practices that should decrease the current dependence on the use of broad-spectrum insecticides. 相似文献