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《农业科学学报》2017,(12)
Air pollution negatively impacts food security. This paper reviews the current literature on the relationship between air pollution and food security from the perspective of food system. It highlights that agricultural emissions which substantially contribute to air pollution could happen at every stage along the food supply chain. Meanwhile, air pollution can not only affect plant growth and animal health but also shift market equilibrium of both agro-inputs and outputs in the food supply chain and thereby affect food security indirectly. Furthermore, this study evaluates the effects of agricultural policy and energy policy on food security and air pollution, respectively, and provides an overview of potential policy instruments to reduce air pollution while ensuring food security. Finally, we identify the remaining research and policy issues for further studies, mainly focusing on the study of household's bounded rational behaviors and the issue of rural aging population. 相似文献
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Food sovereignty, urban food access, and food activism: contemplating the connections through examples from Chicago 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Daniel R. Block Noel Chávez Erika Allen Dinah Ramirez 《Agriculture and Human Values》2012,29(2):203-215
The idea of food sovereignty has its roots primarily in the response of small producers in developing countries to decreasing levels of control over land, production practices, and food access. While the concerns of urban Chicagoans struggling with low food access may seem far from these issues, the authors believe that the ideas associated with food sovereignty will lead to the construction of solutions to what is often called the ??food desert?? issue that serve and empower communities in ways that less democratic solutions do not. In Chicago and elsewhere, residents and activists often see and experience racial and economic inequalities through the variety of stores and other food access sites available in their community. The connections between food access, respect, and activism are first considered through a set of statements of Chicagoans living in food access poor areas. We will then discuss these connections through the work and philosophy of activists in Chicago centered in food sovereignty and food justice. Particular focus will be placed on Growing Power, an urban food production, distribution, and learning organization working primarily in Milwaukee and Chicago, and Healthy South Chicago, a community coalition focused on health issues in a working class area of the city. 相似文献
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Graham Riches 《Agriculture and Human Values》1999,16(2):203-211
This article argues that hunger in Canada, while being an outcome of unemployment, low incomes, and inadequate welfare, springs also from the failure to recognize and implement the human right to food. Food security has, however, largely been ignored by progressive social policy analysis. Barriers standing in the way of achieving food security include the increasing commodification of welfare and the corporatization of food, the depoliticization of hunger by governments and the voluntary sector, and, most particularly, the neglect by the federal and provincial governments of their obligations to guarantee the domestic right to food as expressed in international human rights law. The interconnectedness of hunger, welfare, and food security issues in a first world society are explored from the perspective of progressive social policy and food security analysis and the development of alternative strategies. In terms of advancing the human right to food in Canada, particular emphasis is placed on the role of the state and civil society, and the social and economic rights of citizenship built on an inclusive social policy analysis and politics of welfare, food security and human rights. 相似文献
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Eric R. Sarmiento 《Agriculture and Human Values》2017,34(2):485-497
As ecologically and socially oriented food initiatives proliferate, the significance of these initiatives with respect to conventional food systems remains unclear. This paper addresses the transformative potential of alternative food networks (AFNs) by drawing on insights from recent research on food and embodiment, diverse food economies, and more-than-human food geographies. I identify several synergies between these literatures, including an emphasis on the pedagogic capacities of AFNs; the role of the researcher; and the analytical and political value of using assemblage and actor-network thinking to understand the far-reaching forces and power disparities confronting proponents of more ethical and sustainable food futures. 相似文献
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Dillehay TD Ramírez C Pino M Collins MB Rossen J Pino-Navarro JD 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,320(5877):784-786
The identification of human artifacts at the early archaeological site of Monte Verde in southern Chile has raised questions of when and how people reached the tip of South America without leaving much other evidence in the New World. Remains of nine species of marine algae were recovered from hearths and other features at Monte Verde II, an upper occupational layer, and were directly dated between 14,220 and 13,980 calendar years before the present ( approximately 12,310 and 12,290 carbon-14 years ago). These findings support the archaeological interpretation of the site and indicate that the site's inhabitants used seaweed from distant beaches and estuarine environments for food and medicine. These data are consistent with the ideas that an early settlement of South America was along the Pacific coast and that seaweeds were important to the diet and health of early humans in the Americas. 相似文献
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Patricia Allen 《Agriculture and Human Values》2008,25(2):157-161
Despite much popular interest in food issues, there remains a lack of social justice in the American agrifood system, as evidenced
by prevalent hunger and obesity in low-income populations and exploitation of farmworkers. While many consumers and alternative
agrifood organizations express interest in and support social justice goals, the incorporation of these goals into on-the-ground
alternatives is often tenuous. Academics have an important role in calling out social justice issues and developing the critical
thinking skills that can redress inequality in the agrifood system. Academics can challenge ideological categories of inquiry
and problem definition, include justice factors in defining research problems, and develop participatory, problem-solving
research within social justice movements. In addition, scholars can educate students about the power of epistemologies, discourse,
and ideology, thereby expanding the limits and boundaries of what is possible in transforming the agrifood system. In these
ways, the academy can be a key player in the creation of a diverse agrifood movement that embraces the discourse of social
justice.
相似文献
| Patricia AllenEmail: |
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Campisi J 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2000,289(5487):2062-2063
Model organisms such as yeast have proved exceptionally valuable for revealing new information about the molecular pathways involved in the aging of cells. In her Perspective, Campisi comments on new work showing that caloric restriction increases longevity in yeast by activating the SIR2 gene, which alters the compactness of chromatin and thus regulates gene expression (Lin et al.). 相似文献
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Laurel Bellante 《Agriculture and Human Values》2017,34(1):119-134
Alternative food networks (AFNs) have become a common response to the socio-ecological injustices generated by the industrialized food system. Using a political ecology framework, this paper evaluates the emergence of an AFN in Chiapas, Mexico. While the Mexican context presents a particular set of challenges, the case study also reveals the strength the alternative food movement derives from a diverse network of actors committed to building a “community economy” that reasserts the multifunctional values of organic agriculture and local commodity chains. Nonetheless, just as the AFN functions as an important livelihood strategy for otherwise disenfranchised producers it simultaneously encounters similar limitations as those observed in other market-driven approaches to sustainable food governance. 相似文献
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Corinne Valdivia 《Agriculture and Human Values》2001,18(1):27-39
North Sumatra and West Java in Indonesia, the Andes of Bolivia and Peru, Western Province, the Coast and Machakos in Kenya,
were Small Ruminant Collaborative Research Support Program (SR-CRSP) sites in which the role of small ruminants was studied
and where technological interventions were designed. In all cases the target groups were poor rural households that could
maintain sheep, goats, or South American camelids. The objective was to increase the welfare of families through the use of
small ruminant technologies. Access to and control of resources, and intrahousehold dynamics were analyzed to understand if,
how, and when, technological interventions help achieve this objective. The way in which the studied villages integrate into
the market, the specific role that livestock and other productive enterprises play in the household economy, the risks faced
by families in rural areas condition the role of livestock and other resource management technologies. As an asset, small
and large stock are gendered, but this is qualified by the alternatives that household members have. Small ruminants under
the domain of women, either through production or marketing, are shown to contribute to in-kind consumption or, as liquid
assets, to household welfare purchases, in the case of Andean agropastoral households and households in Kenya. Women are also
managers of the grazing areas, which are often fallow fields. The research experiences show the relationship between gender,
resource management, and the ability to build livestock assets and security, in different houehold production systems.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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Michael Ekers Charles Z. Levkoe Samuel Walker Bryan Dale 《Agriculture and Human Values》2016,33(3):705-720
Recently, growing numbers of interns, apprentices, and volunteers are being recruited to work seasonally on ecologically oriented and organic farms across the global north. To date, there has been very little research examining these emergent forms of non-waged work. In this paper, we analyze the relationships between non-waged agricultural work and the economic circumstances of small- to medium-size farms and the non-economic ambitions of farm operators. We do so through a quantitative and qualitative analysis of farmers’ responses to two surveys we conducted of farmers using non-waged workers in Ontario, Canada. We situate our analysis within debates on the agrarian question, which we contend requires an account for both the economic and non-economic dimensions of new forms of non-waged work on farms. We suggest that many ecologically oriented farm operators are struggling financially and report low gross on-farm revenues and personal incomes. We argue that in addition to relying on off-farm incomes and self-exploitation, many farms are managing to persist in a challenging economic climate through their use of intern, apprentice, and volunteer labor. However, we also suggest that the growth of non-waged work on farms is not simply being driven by economic processes but also a series of non-economic relationships focused on non-institutional farmer training, the pursuit of sustainability, and social movement building. We suggest, the “economic” and “non-economic” dimensions of internships, apprenticeships, and forms of volunteerism sit uneasily alongside of one another, generating questions about the politics, ethics, and sustainability of non-waged work and ecological farming. 相似文献
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This paper offers one explanation for the institutional basis of food insecurity in Australia, and argues that while alternative food networks and the food sovereignty movement perform a valuable function in building forms of social solidarity between urban consumers and rural producers, they currently make only a minor contribution to Australia’s food and nutrition security. The paper begins by identifying two key drivers of food security: household incomes (on the demand side) and nutrition-sensitive, ‘fair food’ agriculture (on the supply side). We focus on this second driver and argue that healthy populations require an agricultural sector that delivers dietary diversity via a fair and sustainable food system. In order to understand why nutrition-sensitive, fair food agriculture is not flourishing in Australia we introduce the development economics theory of urban bias. According to this theory, governments support capital intensive rather than labour intensive agriculture in order to deliver cheap food alongside the transfer of public revenues gained from rural agriculture to urban infrastructure, where the majority of the voting public resides. We chart the unfolding of the Urban Bias across the twentieth century and its consolidation through neo-liberal orthodoxy, and argue that agricultural policies do little to sustain, let alone revitalize, rural and regional Australia. We conclude that by observing food system dynamics through a re-spatialized lens, Urban Bias Theory is valuable in highlighting rural–urban socio-economic and political economy tensions, particularly regarding food system sustainability. It also sheds light on the cultural economy tensions for alternative food networks as they move beyond niche markets to simultaneously support urban food security and sustainable rural livelihoods. 相似文献
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Diana Stuart 《Agriculture and Human Values》2008,25(2):177-181
I explore the role of nature in the agrifood system and how attempts to fit food production into a large-scale manufacturing
model has lead to widespread outbreaks of food borne illness. I illustrate how industrial processing of leafy greens is related
to the outbreak of E. coli 0157:H7 associated with spinach in the fall of 2006. I also use this example to show how industry attempts to create the
illusion of control while failing to address weaknesses in current processing systems. The leafy greens industry has focused
efforts on sterilizing the growing environment and adopting new technologies, while neglecting to change the concentrated
structure of processing systems. Repeated breakdowns in these systems illustrate a widening fault line between attempted and
failed control of nature in industrial food production.
相似文献
| Diana StuartEmail: |