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1.
柑橘黄龙病对全球的柑橘产业造成了严重的经济损失,其传播媒介主要为柑橘木虱。在前期研究中利用柑橘木虱对4种芸香科植物的取食偏好结合代谢组学分析筛选出一批可能对柑橘木虱具有引诱效果的挥发性化合物,本研究鉴定了邻氨基苯甲酸甲酯、癸酸、正辛醇、左旋香芹酮、2-环己烯酮、反式-1,2-环己二醇、吡嗪等7种挥发性化合物在0、0.1%、1%、10%4个浓度和10、20、30、40、50、60 min 6个持续时间下对柑橘木虱的引诱效果,并比较了其中5种脂溶性挥发物在各自最优浓度下的引诱效果。试验结果表明,7种挥发物对柑橘木虱都有引诱效果,但是引诱效果与挥发物浓度及持续时间有关。吡嗪、左旋香芹酮、正辛醇、2-环己烯酮、癸酸、邻氨基苯甲酸甲酯和反式-1,2-环己二醇的最佳引诱浓度分别为0.1%、1%、1%、1%、10%、10%、10%。六臂嗅觉仪试验结果显示5种脂溶性挥发物中1%左旋香芹酮的引诱效果高于10%癸酸、10%邻氨基苯甲酸甲酯、1%2-环己烯酮、1%正辛醇及对照(矿物油),但与其他4种挥发物没有显著差异。研究结果可为柑橘木虱引诱剂的开发提供参考,促进柑橘黄龙病的绿色防控。  相似文献   

2.
为明确九里香Murraya exotica挥发物对柑橘木虱Diaphorina citri的引诱效果,筛选田间诱杀柑橘木虱的高效混配物组合,采用Y-型嗅觉仪室内测试柑橘木虱对10种九里香挥发物的行为反应,并测定挥发物混剂对柑橘木虱引诱的增效作用以及九里香挥发物混剂对柑橘木虱的田间诱杀效果。试验结果表明,β-石竹烯、D-柠檬烯和芳樟醇对柑橘木虱均有显著的引诱效果,引诱率分别为80.00%、83.33%和73.33%,显著高于其它7种挥发物;混剂B(β-石竹烯∶D-柠檬烯∶芳樟醇=3∶3∶1)对柑橘木虱的引诱率达到88.89%,显著优于其它混剂,增效作用较好;田间悬挂黄色诱虫瓶15 d后,混剂B平均诱集到的柑橘木虱数量为23.3头/瓶,显著优于其它混剂,为矿物油对照的33倍。  相似文献   

3.
为了探明玉米雌穗挥发物组成及其对亚洲玉米螟(Ostrinia furnacalis)幼虫取食行为的影响,本研究利用顶空吸附法及气相色谱/质谱联用技术(GC/MS)测定了离体玉米雌穗的挥发物组分,并通过幼虫取食选择试验测定了11种玉米雌穗挥发物在4个不同浓度下(5×10-6、5×10-5、5×10-4、5×10-3g/mL,正己烷为溶剂)对亚洲玉米螟取食行为的影响。结果表明:从离体玉米雌穗中共计收集并鉴定出32种挥发物组分,主要包括绿叶气味物质、萜类化合物和脂肪族化合物。其中,萜类化合物的含量最高,占玉米雌穗挥发物总释放量的84.40%。在所有测定的浓度范围内,β-石竹烯、十四烷表现为引诱活性,壬醛表现为驱避作用。除浓度为5×10-3 g/mL外,癸烷、反-罗勒烯、6-甲基-5-庚烯-2-酮对幼虫取食表现为引诱作用。  相似文献   

4.
为明确抗褐飞虱水稻品种Mudgo和感褐飞虱水稻品种TN1释放的挥发物中化学组分的差异,筛选鉴定对褐飞虱具有功能效应的活性化合物。本研究通过顶空动态收集装置获取Mudgo和TN1水稻的挥发物,采用气相色谱-质谱联用仪（GC-MS）筛选、鉴定水稻挥发物的活性组分,基于筛选鉴定出的Mudgo与TN1水稻挥发物中的差异活性化合物,采用Y型嗅觉仪对其进行功能验证。本研究在两水稻品种的挥发物中共筛选鉴定到52种化合物,其中Mudgo和TN1分别鉴定到27种,仅在Mudgo挥发物中存在的化合物有10种,仅在TN1挥发物中存在的化合物有15种。基于Mudgo和TN1水稻挥发物的差异活性组分鉴定结果,筛选出11种活性化合物进行功能验证。Y型嗅觉仪测定结果表明：低浓度（2μL/mL）的芳樟醇、高浓度（200μL/mL）的β-倍半水芹烯和水杨酸甲酯这3种化合物对褐飞虱具有显著的驱避作用,可发展用于褐飞虱防治的驱避剂;D-柠檬烯、β-石竹烯和高浓度的2-庚酮、2-乙基苯胺和姥鲛烷这5种化合物对褐飞虱具有显著的引诱作用,可发展用于褐飞虱防治的引诱剂。该研究可为褐飞虱的绿色防控和害虫综合治理提供科学数据和理论依据...  相似文献   

5.
昆虫的寄主定位、产卵选择、聚集、求偶等行为受到来自昆虫周围环境的挥发性气味化合物的影响和调控。研究挥发物对昆虫行为的影响作用主要采用Y形嗅觉仪等行为检测装置,而研究挥发物对鳞翅目幼虫的影响作用却缺乏专业、高效的装置。本研究设计制作了研究鳞翅目幼虫行为的高效选择装置,适用于高效筛选对鳞翅目幼虫具有引诱、驱避等作用的挥发物。小菜蛾3龄幼虫的行为选择测试结果表明,对小菜蛾幼虫引诱最强的植物为大白菜,其次是油菜和甘蓝;花生叶片对小菜蛾幼虫没有作用;而番茄叶片对小菜蛾幼虫则具有驱避作用。由此说明该装置可以有效测定小菜蛾幼虫对不同挥发物的反应,将为挥发物对昆虫行为的影响研究、进而筛选新的化合物来控制虫害提供新的技术支持。  相似文献   

6.
前期研究发现,二化螟为害稻株对褐飞虱具有显著的引诱作用。为了鉴定对褐飞虱寄主选择行为具有显著调控作用的水稻挥发物,本文通过H型嗅觉仪研究了二化螟为害诱导水稻释放的15种重要水稻挥发物对褐飞虱寄主选择行为影响。结果显示,β-石竹烯、2-壬酮、大根香叶烯D和(3E)-4,8-二甲基壬-1,3,7-三烯对褐飞虱有显著的引诱作用;水杨酸甲酯、2-十一烷酮和(3E,7E)-4,8,12-三甲基十三-1,3,7,11-四烯对褐飞虱有显著的排斥作用;而α-蒎烯、2-十三烷酮、十三醛、苯甲酸苯甲酯、异氟尔酮、2-十五烷酮、邻伞花烯烃和肉豆蔻酸异丙酯对褐飞虱行为选择没有显著影响。结果表明,二化螟为害诱导稻株不仅释放对褐飞虱具有引诱作用的化合物,同时也释放对褐飞虱具有排斥作用的化合物,褐飞虱对二化螟为害稻株的偏爱性源于二化螟诱导水稻释放的不同化合物的综合作用。研究鉴定的对褐飞虱寄主选择行为具有显著调控作用的水稻挥发物为研制褐飞虱驱避剂和引诱剂奠定了基础。  相似文献   

7.
稻虱缨小蜂对吡虫啉处理的水稻植株挥发物的行为反应   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  
利用"Y"型嗅觉仪测定稻虱缨小蜂对吡虫啉处理的水稻植株挥发物的行为反应,并通过GC-MS对挥发物组分进行了定性和定量分析.行为测试结果表明:吡虫啉和施用了吡虫啉的不同水稻品种挥发物对稻虱缨小蜂的寄主选择行为无明显影响.稻虱缨小蜂在不同浓度吡虫啉处理的水稻植株之间表现出明显的嗅觉偏好.当褐飞虱密度为10头/苗时,与高浓度吡虫啉处理相比,低浓度吡虫啉处理植株释放的挥发物引诱到了更多的稻虱缨小蜂(施药5天除外).GC-MS分析发现:与对照植株释放的挥发物相比,吡虫啉处理的稻株挥发物组分种类不变;吡虫啉浓度不同导致水杨酸甲酯等8种组分的相对含量明显不同;同时一些组分的相对含量因吡虫啉浓度与水稻品种、褐飞虱密度及施药天数等因子的互作发生了明显改变.  相似文献   

8.
为筛选有效的异色瓢虫Harmonia axyridis复合引诱剂,通过室内试验测定异色瓢虫聚集信息素（-）-β-石竹烯、蚜虫利它素（E）-β-法尼烯和吲哚、邻氨基苯甲酸甲酯等6种植物挥发物成分对异色瓢虫成虫的最佳引诱浓度,分别以最佳引诱浓度（-）-β-石竹烯和（E）-β-法尼烯为核心与诱虫活性较强的其他5种植物挥发物成分最佳引诱浓度混配成二元或三元配方,通过室内趋性试验对配方进行筛选,并通过大田诱捕试验测定所筛选的配方对异色瓢虫的实际引诱效果。结果表明,异色瓢虫雌雄成虫对不同浓度8种单体化合物的选择反应率存在差异,多数化合物在低浓度（1μg/mL）时对异色瓢虫成虫表现出较强的引诱作用。在15个配方中,（E）-β-法尼烯+邻氨基苯甲酸甲酯（配方7）、（-）-β-石竹烯+（E）-β-法尼烯+邻氨基苯甲酸甲酯（配方12）对异色瓢虫雌成虫有显著的引诱效果;（E）-β-法尼烯+吲哚（配方6）、配方7、（-）-β-石竹烯+（E）-β-法尼烯+吲哚（配方11）和配方12对异色瓢虫雄成虫有显著的引诱效果。浓度为0.01 mg/mL和1 mg/mL的配方7以及浓度为1 mg/mL的配方12对异色瓢虫成虫...  相似文献   

9.
柑橘粉虱是柑橘产区的常见害虫．由于其寄主多、食性杂、喜荫蔽环境,多在通风透光不良的果园发生严重。柑橘粉虱的成虫、若虫吸食柑橘叶片汁液,使被害叶片褪绿变黄,并分泌大量蜜露,引起煤烟病的发生。尤其在果实近成熟期,使果面蒙上一层煤污．严重影响果实外观品质．给果农造成较大的经济损失。根据多年生产实践．笔者介绍该虫在城固县柑橘产区的发生规律和防治技术。  相似文献   

10.
柑橘溃疡病菌免疫荧光和生物学检测技术研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
罗志萍  洪霓 《植物检疫》2006,20(5):272-274
本研究通过对7个不同柑橘品种的离体叶片接种及致病性观察筛选出了柑橘溃疡病菌敏感寄主材料，并建立了柑橘溃疡病菌的生物学检测方法；还初次尝试建立了一种简便易行的柑橘溃疡病菌免疫荧光快速鉴定方法。柑橘离体叶片接种实验结果表明：福本、红肉脐橙、纽荷尔和枳壳对柑橘溃疡病菌表现出一定的感病性，而粗柠檬和邓肯葡萄柚未表现出明显感病迹象，反而出现了坏死性应激反应。免疫荧光试验结果显示：浓度为10^3cfu／mL的菌液在30℃下用BSA封闭2h，30℃下抗体结合1h，荧光抗体浓度为4μg,／mL，室温放置40min后镜检，就可以在荧光显微镜下清晰地看到绿色的柑橘溃疡病菌体，而用该方法检测不到水稻白叶枯病菌。用免疫荧光抗体检测柑橘溃疡病菌操作简便，仅需一台荧光显微镜，整个检测过程仅需要4h。  相似文献   

11.
为了进一步明确从土壤中筛选得到的拮抗细菌OR-1、OR-2、OR-3、ON-6的分类地位和生防效果,采用形态学观察、理化特性结合分子生物学方法,鉴定这4株细菌皆为枯草芽胞杆菌Bacillussubitilis.拮抗菌对荔枝霜疫霉菌、炭疽菌菌丝生长均具有明显抑制作用,ON-6菌株的发酵液对菌丝生长的抑制率最高,分别为92.34％和70.36％,其次是OR-1菌株.拮抗菌处理组褐变指数均小于对照组以及杀菌剂处理组,且差异达显著水平(P＜0.05),OR-1菌株防褐变效果最好.常温下,拮抗菌发酵液对离体鲜果病害防治效果优于对照组和杀菌剂处理组,其中ON-6菌株的防治效果最佳;4℃低温储藏处理40天后,拮抗菌发酵液处理组的防治效果高于对照和杀菌剂处理组,且差异显著(P＜0.05),以ON-6和ON-3菌株的防治效果最佳.表明拮抗菌发酵液对荔枝鲜果上的霜疫霉菌和炭疽病菌有一定的抑制作用.  相似文献   

12.
Acacia farnesiana lectin-like protein (AFAL) showed bacterioestatic effects against Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. passiflorae (Gram-negative) and Clavibacter michiganensis michiganensis (Gram-positive), with the latter being more sensitive. This effect is probably due to the ability of AFAL to interact with the bacterial cell wall where we observed that AFAL induced macroscopic change. The maximum bacterial growth inhibition was approximately 78% when incubated with Gram-negative strains, and as high as 92% percent for the Gram-positive one. The antibacterial effect of flavonoids (rutin, quercetin and morin) was also observed using low concentrations against both bacterial strains. Prior incubation of both with AFAL at high concentrations increases the inhibitory effect of flavonoids on bacterial growth. The potential use of AFAL as a control agent against the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita was investigated as well, showing anti-nematode properties involving both egg hatching and motility. In the juvenile second-stage, AFAL showed reduction in larval mobility when measured against a control group. The results suggest that AFAL is effective against M. incognita and could be used as a component of integrated pest management programs. These data also suggest that lectins probably play a role in plant defense not only against invertebrate phytopathogens, herbivores and fungi but also against bacteria.  相似文献   

13.
为阐明苏云金杆菌Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt)与白蛾周氏啮小蜂Chouioia cunea Yang的协同作用,分别用103~108孢子/m L的6个Bt浓度处理美国白蛾Hyphantria cunea 2龄幼虫后,通过室内试验测定了Bt对其致死、亚致死效应,及亚致死浓度Bt对寄生蜂子代出蜂的影响。结果表明,浓度106孢子/m L处理组美国白蛾均未能化蛹;而106孢子/m L处理组均能化蛹并羽化,且幼虫发育历期随Bt浓度的增加而延长,平均蛹重在74.92~92.18 mg之间,均高于对照的68.66 mg,但蛹重不呈线性规律变化。当Bt对美国白蛾平均校正死亡率低于17.17%时,幼虫发育历期延迟不明显,但平均蛹重为101.11~124.34 mg,均高于对照;接蜂后能够正常出蜂,出蜂率为33.13%~51.25%,每蛹出蜂量为117.43~143.42头,均显著高于对照。表明用平均校正死亡率低于20%的Bt处理对白蛾周氏啮小蜂的寄生有利,2种生防措施协同作用存在增效潜力。  相似文献   

14.
王猛  王凯  刘峰  慕卫 《植物保护学报》2014,41(3):360-366
为比较溴氰虫酰胺和氯虫苯甲酰胺对甜菜夜蛾、玉米螟和小地老虎的作用差异,采用浸卵法、浸叶法、饲喂毒营养液法等测定了溴氰虫酰胺和氯虫苯甲酰胺对3种害虫的卵、3龄幼虫和成虫的毒力,以及对其3龄幼虫的拒食活性。结果表明,溴氰虫酰胺和氯虫苯甲酰胺均无杀卵作用,但能降低初孵幼虫存活率。溴氰虫酰胺对甜菜夜蛾、玉米螟和小地老虎3龄幼虫的LC50值分别为0.11、0.05和0.13 mg/L,相对毒力分别是氯虫苯甲酰胺的2.8、2.7和5.1倍。溴氰虫酰胺对3种害虫成虫的LC50值分别为0.11、0.09和0.22 mg/L,相对毒力分别是氯虫苯甲酰胺的3.9、3.8和2.7倍。溴氰虫酰胺在亚致死浓度0.10、0.05和0.14 mg/L的剂量下分别对甜菜夜蛾、玉米螟和小地老虎3龄幼虫表现出较强的拒食作用,处理48 h后达到最高,拒食率分别为85.58%、81.91%和86.11%。药剂处理试虫虫体皱缩,体节缩短,体重增加率明显低于对照处理。表明溴氰虫酰胺对3种鳞翅目害虫的毒力作用比氯虫苯甲酰胺好,可作为氯虫苯甲酰胺的替代药品。  相似文献   

15.
Two acetylcholinesterases (AChE, EC 3.1.1.7) cDNAs were identified and cloned from silkworm, Bombyx mori. One of those, BmAChE-o cDNA, is comprised of 3197 nucleotides which encode 638 amino acids, having an amino acid sequence homology of 72% with Drosophila melanogaster Ace-orthologous AChE (AO-AChE). In some species, another AChE group based on the sequence, Drosophila Ace-paralogous AChE (AP-AChE) has been recognized in relation to organophosphate- or carbamate-resistance, but there have been few reports of AP-AChE among lepidopteran species. However, we isolated the AP-AChE from lepidopteran silkworm, and cloned full ORF as BmAChE-p, which cDNA consisted of 2465 nucleotides that encode 683 amino acids. The homologies with other AP-AChEs were over 60% when compared. Although silkworm is not a target of pesticides, the genomic information obtained in this study will contribute to insecticide-resistance study on lepidopteran pest species.  相似文献   

16.
We investigated the molecular basis of resistance in a strain of house fly (BJD) from Beijing, China. This strain showed 567-fold resistance to commonly used deltamethrin. Flies were 64-fold resistant to deltamethrin synergized by piperonyl butoxide (PBO). The 5′-flanking sequence of the cytochrome P450 gene CYP6D1 in BJD strain had a 15-bp insert as in the LPR strain. Two mutations (kdr, super-kdr) in the voltage sensitive sodium channel (VSSC) were also detected in the BJD strain. Our results showed that a combination of resistance alleles for CYP6D1 and VSSC existed in deltamethrin resistant house flies in China.  相似文献   

17.
The molluscicidal activity of cold water, boiled water, methanol, ethanol, acetone and chloroform extracts of Solanum siniacum and Artemisia judaica L. plants against Biomphalaria alexandrina snails was carried out. The tests revealed plant’s ethanol extract was more toxic to the snails than the other tested extracts. Therefore, it was tested against snails’ fecundity (Mx), reproduction rate (R0) and their infection with Schistosoma mansoni miracidia. In addition, biochemical parameters and the activities of some enzymes in tissues of snails treated with the two tested plants were determined. As well, glucose concentration in snails’ hemolymph was evaluated. Exposure of B. alexandrina snails to plant’s ethanol extract led to a significant reduction in their survival and snails’ fecundity, reproduction rate. In addition, it caused a considerable reduction in the infectivity of S. mansoni miracidia to the snails. Also, it caused a reduction in number of cercariae per snail during the patent period and in the period of cercarial shedding. The results revealed that the glucose concentration in hemolymph and Lactate level in soft tissues of treated snails were increased (P < 0.001) while glycogen, total protein, the lipid content and the pyruvate level in snail’s tissues decreased (P < 0.001). The activities of lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), pyruvatekinase (PK) and cytochrome oxidase (CY) enzymes in homogenate of snail’s tissues were reduced (P < 0.001) in response to treatment with the two tested plants while protease (PR) activity increased (P < 0.001). It is concluded that the application of LC25 of ethanol extract of S. siniacum and A. judaica L. may be helpful in snail control as it interferes with the snails’ biology and physiology.  相似文献   

18.
The biological effects of two important medicinal plants, Artemisia annua L. and Achillea millefolium (L.) (viz, mortality, growth, and feeding indices as well as enzyme and non-enzymatic activities) were studied on small white Pieris rapae L a deleterious pest of cruciferous plants under controlled conditions (16:8 h L:D at 25 ± 1 °C and 65 ± 5% RH). The LC50 and LC25 values were 9.387% and 3.645% for A. annua L. and 4.19% and 1.69% for A. millefolium (L.), respectively. At the lowest concentration (0.625%), the deterrency was 29.826% and 44.185% for A. annua L. and A. millefolium (L.), respectively. Feeding indices were variously affected with changes in a number of parameters and an increase in larval and pupal duration. The activity level of alkaline phosphatase increased sharply while alanin and aspartate aminotransferases showed a sharp decrease. For non-enzymatic compounds, the amount of glucose and uric acid increased, but total protein and cholesterol decreased. These results indicate that these two medicinal plants might possess potential secondary metabolites that may be useful for controlling potential insect pests.  相似文献   

19.
采用固相微萃取(SPME)和GC-MS分析研究木枣和酸枣挥发物成分,并测试枣镰翅小卷蛾触角电位(EAG)反应、寄主趋向和产卵选择,以探明枣镰翅小卷蛾的寄主选择机制。结果显示,在萌芽期,木枣和酸枣嫩叶的挥发成分均为罗勒烯、2-甲基-2-菠烯、α-法呢烯和邻苯二甲酸二丁酯4种,但相对含量稍有不同。枣镰翅小卷蛾成虫对木枣和酸枣2种寄主都有强烈的EAG反应,且同一寄主上雌蛾的EAG反应值极显著地高于雄蛾,其EAG值是雄蛾的3.3倍。枣镰翅小卷蛾对木枣表现强烈的趋向反应,而对酸枣的趋向不明显,且雌虫的趋向反应显著高于雄虫。木枣上的产卵量显著高于酸枣,且木枣枣吊上的单雌产卵量为307.9粒,极显著地高于酸枣枣吊上的产卵量(182.9粒)。研究表明,枣镰翅小卷蛾雌蛾在寄主选择中起主导作用,木枣是其嗜好寄主。  相似文献   

20.
The effect of Melia azedarach extract on the activity of NADPH-cytochrome c reductase and cholinesterase was studied in Spodoptera frugiperda. Larvae were fed an artificial diet containing fruit extract and their midgut was used for enzyme determination. As compared to the control, consumption of the extract containing diet resulted in a 31% inhibition of the cholinesterase activity and a 34% activation of the NADPH-cytochrome c reductase activity. In the cockroach Leucophaea maderae, the effect on reductase activity was even more pronounced (43%).  相似文献   

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