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通过对郑州黄河湿地自然保护区鸟类资源调查和查询有关资料，保护区内共有鸟类169种，隶属16目，40科，有国家Ⅰ级保护鸟类10种，国家Ⅱ级保护鸟类31种。在分析郑州黄河湿地自然保护区现有鸟类资源区系、居留型和分布规律基础上，结合保护区所处区域的地理位置、社会经济情况等，找出保护区当前鸟类资源主要影响因素，并有针性地提出了... 相似文献
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对甘肃头二三滩自然保护区鸟类资源的调查:共记录鸟类199种、亚种,隶属16目39科,占甘肃省鸟类总数的35.28%;在199种鸟类中,广布种74种、古北种69种、东洋种56种,分别占该保护区鸟类总数的37.19%,34.67%,28.14%;在保护区内繁殖的179种鸟类(留鸟和夏候鸟)中,广布种72种、古北种53种、东洋种54种,分别占在该保护区繁殖鸟类总数的40.22%,29.61%,30.17%,东洋种和古北种比例接近1:1,表明保护区的鸟类资源在动物地理区系上处于古北界和东洋界的交汇地带.在保护区鸟类资源中,国家Ⅰ级保护物种1种,Ⅱ级保护物种18种,国家保护的有益或者有重要经济、科学研究价值的物种143种. 相似文献
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根据实地考察及有关文献资料对广东紫金白溪省级自然保护区鸟类的物种多样性、区系组成进行了研究。结果表明,保护区内有鸟类91种,隶属13目,38科。雀形目鸟类是保护区鸟类群落的主体。白溪自然保护区的鸟类中,国家I级保护动物1种,国家Ⅱ级保护动物14种;列入《濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约》(CITES)附录II的鸟类14种,列入广东省重点保护鸟类5种。在区系组成上,东洋界鸟类最多,有64种,占总种数的70.33%;古北界鸟类14种,占15.38%;广布种鸟类13种,占14.29%。本次调查对掌握广东紫金白溪省级自然保护区的鸟类种类和分布现状等本底资料具有重要意义,同时也为保护区今后的科研工作及开展野生动物的保护管理和长期监测提供了数据支持和指导。 相似文献
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采用布设红外相机方法对雪峰山十公芜保护小区核心区的鸟类资源进行调查。共记录到野生鸟类28种，仅占保护区有记录鸟类种数196种的14%。其中，国家Ⅰ级保护动物1种：白颈长尾雉（Syrmaticus ellioti）；国家Ⅱ级保护动物7种，为黑冠鹃隼（Aviceda leuphotes）、松雀鹰（Accipiter virgatus）、白鹇（Lophura nycthemera）、白眉山鹧鸪（Arborophila gingica）、红头咬鹃（Harpactes erythrocephalus）、领角鸮（Otus lettia）和小鸦鹃（Centropus bengalensis）。回归分析表明，植被覆盖度与物种数和Shannon-Wiener指数均呈负相关。 相似文献
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菜阳河自然保护区是实施“中国荷兰合作森林保护与社区发展项目” (FCCDP)的试点保护区。根据项目要求 ,2 0 0 0年 4月 2 4日～ 5月 5日 ,11月 4日～ 11月 17日对保护区的鸟类多样性进行了 2次野外调查。野外调查中采用以常规的路线调查法为主 ,辅以定点统计 ,张网捕捉鉴定后释放 ,访问当地村民等方法进行。共记录到鸟类 2 2 1种 ,分属于 17目 4 5科。其中国家Ⅰ级保护鸟类 2种 ,Ⅱ级保护鸟类 2 1种 ;留鸟 16 4种 ,夏候鸟16种、冬候鸟 2 8种、居留类型不详的鸟类 13种。并对保护区的管理和保护提出了相应的建议 相似文献
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据2006年12月至2007年1月对云南云龙天池自然保护区鸟类的调查,在保护区共记录到16目39科共156种鸟类.鸟类组成以啄木鸟科、鸫亚科和画眉亚科的种类居多,没有该保护区特有鸟类.其中国家Ⅰ级重点保护鸟类1种,Ⅱ级重点保护鸟类9种.保护区鸟类以留鸟类为主,有116种,另有夏候鸟10种,冬候鸟26种,旅鸟4种.留鸟和夏季在当地繁殖的鸟共127种,其中属于东洋区的种类共68种,跨东洋区和古北区2动物界的广布种有59种.保护区鸟类主要分布在针叶林和阔叶林生境,其次是稀树灌草丛、农田村庄和溪流水域生境.保护区自然生态系统较为脆弱,且物种边缘分布明显. 相似文献
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为了研究小五台山自然保护区的生物多样性,在小五台山4个林区展开为期1a的调查,利用红外相机记录保护区野生动物,兽类5目9科16属16种,鸟类1目1科6属6种,国家Ⅰ级保护动物为褐马鸡,国家Ⅱ级保护动物是斑羚和勺鸡,西伯利亚狍的相对丰富度13.60,是兽类里相对丰富度最高的物种,环颈雉的相对丰富度21.15,是鸟类里相对丰富度最高的物种。辉川林区的动物种类有19种,是小五台山保护区物种种类最多的区域,Shannon-Wiener多样性指数0.791,是小五台山保护区生物多样性最高的区域。 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
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本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):131-138
The effects of soil scarification (mounding), slash removal and clear-cut age on the natural regeneration in clear-cuts was evaluated using data from four sites in southern Sweden. The treatments were carried out during a good seed and establishment year for birch ( Betula pubescens Ehrh. and B. pendula Roth). Scarification had the strongest positive effect on the density of naturally regenerated seedlings, especially in birch, but also in pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) and spruce [ Picea abies (L.) Karst]. Slash removal had a positive effect on birch density. No statistically significant effect of clear-cut age was found. In addition, no statistically significant interactions between clear-cut age and scarification or slash removal were found. The ingrowth of field vegetation was the fastest in areas that were not scarified, less rapid in areas scarified on old clear-cuts, and the slowest after scarification in fresh clear-cuts. In conclusion, it may be possible to control the density of birch during a good establishment year for birch. If birch is desired, the best combination of treatments is to remove the slash and scarify; otherwise, these treatments should be avoided. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):472-479
Based on an enquiry, risk perception among non-industrial private forest owners is described in relation to climate change and forestry hazards. Of the respondents, 11% took action to remedy the effects of climate change. Out of a given set, hazards were ranked according to each respondent's experience of recent substantial financial loss to the estate and in relation to his or her willingness to make investments aimed at risk reduction. For each hazard, the respondent assessed the risk in four classes ranging from very high to negligible risk. Six hazards were considered most problematic in all three aspects: browsing damage, falling timber prices, damage by wind, spruce bark beetle, root rot and pine weevil. A majority of the respondents claimed to take action to reduce the risk associated with at least one hazard, while 35% did not know whether they did. Excluding climate change, the need for decision support was the largest in relation to damage by wind owing to a combination of perceived high risk and a high level of ignorance in relation to whether risk-reducing measures were taken. 相似文献
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Srisuda Thippayarugs Banyong Toomsan Patma Vityakon Viriya Limpinuntana Aran Patanothai Georg Cadisch 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(2):137-148
In situ produced plant residues contain a mixture of different plant components of varying quality. To assess synergistic
or antagonistic interactions occurring during the decomposition and mineralization of such mixtures, individual plant parts
(stems, leaves, leaf litter and roots) or the mixture of stems, leaves and leaf litter of the agroforestry species pigeonpea
(Cajanus cajan) or of crop residues of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) or of the weed hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta) were incubated in pots for 19 weeks. Periodically, remaining plant residues were sieved out (>2 mm), weighed and N content
as well as soil mineral N determined. Above- and below-ground residues of peanut decomposed fastest and showed the largest
N release in agreement with their high N concentration and low-acid detergent fibre (ADF) : N ratio. Hairy indigo was hypothesized
to be of lower quality than pigeonpea because of its high-polyphenol content. However, it decomposed faster than pigeonpea,
largely because of the higher N and lower lignin concentration of its components. Ranking of individual plant components for
N mineralization resulted in the following pattern, leaves > leaf litter > roots > stems. In mixtures of the different plant
components a similar species order in decomposition was obtained, e.g. peanut > hairy indigo > pigeonpea. The amount of N
released from the mixture was dominated by stem material that comprised 46–61% of the mixture. The interactions in mixtures
were relatively small for peanut (generally high-quality components) as well as for pigeonpea (low proportion of high-quality
components, i.e. N rich leaf material). However, a positive interaction occurred during later stages of N mineralization in
the mixture of hairy indigo as it had a significant proportion of N rich components and absence of highly reactive polyphenols.
Thus, for plants with low to intermediate chemical quality attributes, manipulating plant composition (e.g. by varying harvest
age, affecting stem and leaf proportions) will be important to obtain significant interactions during decomposition when its
components are mixed. 相似文献
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A. Rigueiro-Rodríguez M. R. Mosquera-Losada E. Gatica-Trabanini 《Agroforestry Systems》2000,48(3):245-256
The use of organic waste materials such as milk sewage as an organic fertilizer could have the dual advantages of organic-waste
disposal and reduced dependence on inorganic fertilizers. The effects of fertilization with (1) conventional mineral fertilization,
(2) milk sewage sludge at 40 kg N ha−1 target rate and (3) no fertilization on pasture production and tree growth were examined in an experiment consisting of two
pasture mixtures under a one-year-old Pinus radiata plantation with a density of 2500 trees ha−1. The two pasture mixtures were: (1) Dactylis glomerata L. var. saborto (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1); (2) Lolium perenne L. var. Tove (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1). The experiment began in the spring of 1995 using a randomized block design with three replicates in Castro Riberas de Lea
(Lugo, Galicia, north-western Spain). Plot size was 12 × 8 m2, with a 1 m buffer strip between plots. Two-year data showed that fertilization with either material had a positive effect
on pasture production, with no significant difference between the two fertilization treatments. Tree growth in the milk sewage
sludge plot was significantly higher than in the control plots. Inorganic fertilization increased pasture production, but
affected tree growth negatively. The results show that milk sewage sludge could be used as a fertilizer in silvo-pastoral
systems.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献