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1.
李丽丽 《中国油料作物学报》1989,(2)
芜菁花叶病毒是引起我国油莱病毒病的主要毒原。在我国南方冬油菜产区采集了数百个芜菁花叶病毒(TuMV)病株样品,经寄主鉴定和毒原纯化后,选择具有代表性的分离物30个,通过Provvidenti的一套鉴定品种进行株系鉴定,并用酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)双抗体夹心法检测以及寄主范围试验,鉴定出三个不同株系即TuMV—CRL、TuMV—CR2和TuMV—CR3。除TuMV—CR3与Provvyidenti,R.在纽约和Green,S.K.在台湾对十字花科蔬菜上TuMV鉴定的五个株系中的TuMV—C1株系相同外,余均不同;与我国以往各地对十宇花科作物上TuMV株系鉴定的结果比较,由于国内鉴定工作未用此同样的鉴定方法进行鉴定,因此尚不能肯定油菜上的三个株系与国内已经鉴定的十字花科蔬菜上的株系的异同。 相似文献
2.
从华中油菜产区采集油菜病毒病株标样237个,血清学诊断结果:芜菁花叶病毒(TuMV)侵染株率达66.7％,是引致该区油菜发病的主要毒原,黄瓜花叶病毒(CMV)以及二者复合侵染的均各占5.9％,其他零星发生的病毒共占21.5％。TuMV对不同类型油菜的侵染程度和表现的症状有明显的差异,甘蓝型油菜感染株率为56.0％,病叶症状以枯斑型为主;而白菜型油菜达86.0％,以花叶型为主。油菜病叶症状与侵染病毒的种类没有一致的规律,同一种类病毒在不同植株上可形成完全不同的症状;同一类型症状又可由不同的病毒侵染所致。 相似文献
3.
对海南产区感染花叶病的香蕉病株进行生物学分离获得一种直径为28—30nm的球形病毒分离物,该分离物汁液接种可引起香蕉花叶症状,并侵染一些黄瓜花叶病毒(CMV)的诊断寄主植物,提纯病毒外壳蛋白由一种分子量约为3.2×10~6道尔顿的亚基构成,琼脂免疫双扩散试验表明,该病毒分离物和CMV有血清学关系,根据这些性质该病毒分离物被鉴定为黄瓜花叶病毒。 相似文献
4.
本研究采用小RNA深度测序及RT-PCR检测技术鉴定海南省陵水县冬种番茄(圣女果)病株受到烟草花叶病毒属的番茄斑驳花叶病毒(Tomato mottle mosaic virus,ToMMV)侵染。通过机械摩擦接种,将该病原病毒保存于本生烟植株上,命名为番茄斑驳花叶病毒海南分离物(ToMMV-HN)。采用RT-PCR分段扩增获得了该病毒分离物的全基因组序列。测序结果表明,该病毒分离物基因组全长6399 nt,含有4个开放阅读框,编码4种蛋白,与已报道的ToMMV9个分离物核苷酸和编码产物氨基酸序列相似性分别为98.0%～100%和99.2%～100%;与同属的番茄花叶病毒(Tomato mosaic virus,ToMV)、番茄棕色皱果病毒(Tomato brown rugose fruit virus,TBRFV)和烟草花叶病毒(Tobacco mosaic virus,TMV)代表分离物核苷酸序列相似性分别为84.7%、80.7%和79.0%。系统进化分析结果表明,ToMMV-HN与该病毒中国西藏和云南辣椒分离物亲缘关系最近,与美国加州和南卡州番茄分离物次之,与西班牙和巴西番茄分离物亲缘关系相对较远。本研究为我国番茄病毒病诊断和防控,尤其是抗病品种选育提供了基础资料。 相似文献
5.
1990年8月在武昌中国农科院油料所农场芝麻地发现以感病芝麻叶片皱缩花叶为主要特征的皱缩花叶病害,病株矮化。同时发生黄化类型病害,两种病害合计发病率达34%。从田间芝麻皱缩花叶病株中获得一种病毒分离物,暂称皱缩花叶分离物(CrMo—I)。该分离物保存在温室内的芝麻植株上,用于鉴定。 相似文献
6.
芜菁花叶病毒研究进展 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
近10余年来,芜菁花叶病毒(TuMV)分子生物学研究取得了显著进展.大量TuMV株系核酸全序列和部分序列的分析,增加了人们在核酸分子水平上对TuMV遗传、变异和进化的认识.TuMV株系核酸序列较大的变异性与病毒广泛寄主范围是一致的,核酸重组加快了TuMV的变异和进化.通过研究油菜、大白菜对TuMV的抗性,发现了株系专化性和广谱性两类抗性,其中一些抗性基因已被定位在遗传图谱上,为其进一步克隆提供了条件.将作物自身抗性和转基因抗性相结合,获得对TuMV广谱而持久性抗性,是研究工作者为之奋斗的目标. 相似文献
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8.
海南黄灯笼辣椒顶死病病原病毒的分离鉴定 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
从海南省黄灯笼辣椒顶死病株上分离纯化得到一个病毒分离物.研究结果表明,该病毒分离物能通过汁液磨擦接种侵染供试植物中的4科11种植物,可由桃蚜传播;提纯病毒粒子呈球形,直径28～30 nm,外壳蛋白分子量约为28 ku;分离物与CMV抗血清在ELISA测定中呈阳性反应;提取病毒分离物RNA,应用RT-PCR方法克隆了病毒外壳蛋白（CP）基因.CP基因675 bp,编码218个氨基酸.对CP基因序列分析表明,该病毒分离物的CP基因核苷酸序列与黄瓜花叶病毒亚组Ⅰ分离物的同源性均在92.1%以上,所推导的氨基酸序列同源性在96.3%以上,而与亚组Ⅱ分离物的核苷酸序列同源性均低于77.3%,所推导的氨基酸序列同源性均低于80.7%.据此将该病毒分离物鉴定为黄瓜花叶病毒,归属于亚组Ⅰ. 相似文献
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10.
王凤葵 《中国油料作物学报》1987,(4)
油菜蚜虫是油菜和十字花科蔬菜的重要害虫,其危害不但降低了菜籽产量和品质,且可传播油菜芜菁花叶病毒(TuMV)等多种病毒,引起病毒病,后者造成的损失更为严重。因此研究油菜蚜虫发生和消长规律,对进一步协调和完善油菜及十字花科蔬菜的病、虫综合治理措施具有重要意义。作者于1983年和1984年对陕西关中油菜蚜虫的发生和消长进行了初步调查和研究,报道如下。 相似文献
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Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
13.
《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
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15.
Joseph E. Laferriere Charles W. Weber Edwin A. Kohlhepp 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1991,41(3):277-282
Teas of plant origin traditionally consumed by the Mountain Pima of Chihuahua, Mexico, were analyzed for mineral nutritional content. Fe, Cu, Zn, Ca, and Mg composition was determined for native teas made from shoots ofTagetes lucida, T. filifolia, Elytraria imbricata, andHolodiscus dumosus, and from root xylem ofCeanothus depressus andPhaseolus ritensis. Native uses of these teas are also described. 相似文献
16.
M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
17.
Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献
18.
Alejandro Carlos Tozzini María Fernanda Ceriani María Verónica Saladrigas H. Esteban Hopp 《Potato Research》1991,34(3):317-324
Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets
that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and
slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging
toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta.
Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X1 (also called RXact). 相似文献
19.
Rita Favas Janaína Morone Rosrio Martins Vitor Vasconcelos Graciliana Lopes 《Marine drugs》2022,20(3)
The loss of density and elasticity, the appearance of wrinkles and hyperpigmentation are among the first noticeable signs of skin aging. Beyond UV radiation and oxidative stress, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) assume a preponderant role in the process, since their deregulation results in the degradation of most extracellular matrix components. In this survey, four cyanobacteria strains were explored for their capacity to produce secondary metabolites with biotechnological potential for use in anti-aging formulations. Leptolyngbya boryana LEGE 15486 and Cephalothrix lacustris LEGE 15493 from freshwater ecosystems, and Leptolyngbya cf. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 and Nodosilinea nodulosa LEGE 06104 from marine habitats were sequentially extracted with acetone and water, and extracts were analyzed for their toxicity in cell lines with key roles in the skin context (HaCAT, 3T3L1, and hCMEC). The non-toxic extracts were chemically characterized in terms of proteins, carotenoids, phenols, and chlorophyll a, and their anti-aging potential was explored through their ability to scavenge the physiological free radical superoxide anion radical (O2•−), to reduce the activity of the MMPs elastase and hyaluronidase, to inhibit tyrosinase and thus avoid melanin production, and to block UV-B radiation (sun protection factor, SPF). Leptolyngbya species stood out for anti-aging purposes: L. boryana LEGE 15486 presented a remarkable SPF of 19 (at 200 µg/mL), being among the best species regarding O2•− scavenging, (IC50 = 99.50 µg/mL) and also being able to inhibit tyrosinase (IC25 = 784 µg/mL), proving to be promising against UV-induced skin-aging; L. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 was more efficient in inhibiting MMPs (hyaluronidase, IC50 = 863 µg/mL; elastase, IC50 = 391 µg/mL), thus being the choice to retard dermal density loss. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the data allowed the grouping of extracts into three groups, according to their chemical composition; the correlation of carotenoids and chlorophyll a with MMPs activity (p < 0.01), O2•− scavenging with phenolic compounds (p < 0.01), and phycocyanin and allophycocyanin with SPF, pointing to these compounds in particular as responsible for UV-B blockage. This original survey explores, for the first time, the biotechnological potential of these cyanobacteria strains in the field of skin aging, demonstrating the promising, innovative, and multifactorial nature of these microorganisms. 相似文献
20.
Alejandro M. S. Mayer Abimael D. Rodríguez Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati Nobuhiro Fusetani 《Marine drugs》2013,11(7):2510-2573
The peer-reviewed marine pharmacology literature from 2009 to 2011 is presented in this review, following the format used in the 1998–2008 reviews of this series. The pharmacology of structurally-characterized compounds isolated from marine animals, algae, fungi and bacteria is discussed in a comprehensive manner. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral pharmacological activities were reported for 102 marine natural products. Additionally, 60 marine compounds were observed to affect the immune and nervous system as well as possess antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, 68 marine metabolites were shown to interact with a variety of receptors and molecular targets, and thus will probably contribute to multiple pharmacological classes upon further mechanism of action studies. Marine pharmacology during 2009–2011 remained a global enterprise, with researchers from 35 countries, and the United States, contributing to the preclinical pharmacology of 262 marine compounds which are part of the preclinical pharmaceutical pipeline. Continued pharmacological research with marine natural products will contribute to enhance the marine pharmaceutical clinical pipeline, which in 2013 consisted of 17 marine natural products, analogs or derivatives targeting a limited number of disease categories. 相似文献