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1.
ABSTRACT Aims: To assess the change in body condition score (BCS) during the early and late dry periods and its association with postpartum diseases and milk yield in grazing dairy cows from central Argentina. Methods: BCS assessments during the dry period, and cow health and milk production records up to 90 days in milk (DIM), were collated for cows from 28 farms at monthly visits between 2007 and 2008. Cows were categorised into four groups; those in Group 1 (n=7,067) maintained or gained BCS during the early and late dry periods; Group 2 (n=2,615) maintained or gained BCS during the early dry period and lost BCS during the late dry period; Group 3 (n=1,989) lost BCS during the early dry period and maintained or gained BCS during the late dry period; and Group 4 (n=5,144) lost BCS during the early and late dry periods. Results: Cows in Group 1 had reduced odds of having retained fetal membranes (RFM), metritis, and clinical mastitis up to 90 DIM than cows in Group 2 (p<0.001), but the odds of disease were similar to cows in Group 3. The odds of having RFM or clinical mastitis tended to be lower in cows in Group 1 than cows in Group 4 (p=0.08). The odds of cows being culled or dying during the first 90 DIM were lower for cows in Group 1 than for those in Groups 2, 3, and 4 (p≤0.05). Mean accumulated milk yield up to 90 DIM was higher in cows in Group 1 than Group 2 and Group 4 (p<0.001), but was similar to that of cows in Group 3 (p=0.28). Conclusions and clinical relevance: Cows that lost BCS during the late dry period had increased odds of being diagnosed with several postpartum diseases and had decreased milk yield compared to cows that maintained or gained BCS during the entire dry period. Loss of BCS during any stage of the dry period was also associated with increased incidence of culling or death during the first 90 DIM. These results should raise awareness among dairy cattle producers of the importance of properly managing cow body condition during the dry period, especially during the late dry period. 相似文献
2.
The objectives of this study were to examine the effect of parity and days in milk (DIM) on dry matter intake (DMI) and actual milk yield (MYAct) of grazing spring calving dairy cows in early lactation (< 100 DIM) and to develop equations to predict DMI and milk yield for grass based systems of milk production. A dataset containing 335 observations from 134 Holstein Friesian dairy cows was assembled from two early lactation grazing studies. Observations were available for primiparous (n = 130) and multiparous (n = 205) cows during periods of DMI measurement using the n-alkane technique. Animal performance was divided into two classes of DIM: less than 50 DIM (< 50 DIM) or between 51 and 100 DIM (> 50 DIM). Parity and DIM had a significant effect on grass DMI (GDMI), total DMI (TDMI), MYAct and milk composition. TDMI increased with parity and DIM and ranged from 13.4 kg/cow per day (primiparous animals, < 50 DIM) to 20.1 kg/cow per day (multiparous animals, > 50 DIM). Actual MY increased with parity and decreased with DIM (range: 24.1 kg/cow per day (primiparous animals, > 50 DIM) to 33.0 kg/cow per day (multiparous animals, < 50 DIM)). Multiparous cows had greater bodyweight (BW) and lower BCS than primiparous cows. In the early lactation period a number of variables had a significant effect on GDMI, TDMI and milk yield. These predictor variables included BW, BCS, potential milk yield (MYPot), DIM, daily herbage allowance (DHA; > 4 cm), concentrate level and parity. The equations accounted for 79%, 83% and 86% of the variation in GDMI, TDMI and milk yield, respectively. Actual milk yield was always below the MYPot of the cows, the mean difference was 5.8 kg/cow per day. As DHA and concentrate level increased, the difference between MYAct and MYPot reduced. This study supports the concept that immediately post-calving offering a grass based diet with a medium level of concentrate supplementation is sufficient to support high milk production in grazing dairy cows. 相似文献
3.
Wilaiporn CHANCHAI Somchai CHANPONGSANG Narongsak CHAIYABUTR 《Animal Science Journal》2010,81(2):230-239
Two groups of five crossbred 87.5% Holstein cattle were housed in normal shade only (NS) as non‐cooled cows and in shaded housing with misty‐fan cooling (MF) as cooled cows. The cows were treated with recombinant bovine somatotropin (rbST) in early, mid and late lactation with three consecutive injections of rbST in every 14 days. Ambient temperatures and the temperature humidity index in the NS barn were significantly higher than those of the MF barn, whereas relative humidity in MF was higher than that of NS barn. The DMI of cooled cows were higher than those of non‐cooled cows, and cooled cows exhibited more response to rbST treatment. Exogenous rbST significantly increased milk yield throughout lactation. The rbST‐treated cows had higher total ruminal fermentation products as volatile fatty acid and ammonia nitrogen than the non‐rbST treated cows and associated changes were greater in cooled animals in all stages of lactation. Exogenous rbST increased the concentrations of milk urea nitrogen in both groups. These results suggest that the changes in ruminal fermentation with greater production of total VFA and NH3N in response to rbST in crossbred cows whether under misty‐fan cooling or not, is in part through an increase in feed intake, thereby making more substrate available to the mammary gland for milk synthesis. 相似文献
4.
为了探究荷斯坦牛泌乳前期体况评分（body condition score,BCS）的影响因素及BCS对生产性能和离群寿命的影响,本研究收集江苏省某大型牛场2018年1月至2020年12月共7 811头荷斯坦牛泌乳前期BCS、生产性能测定（dairy herd improvement,DHI）结果及淘汰记录,利用多因素方差分析法在分析奶牛泌乳前期BCS变化及影响因素基础上,重点分析泌乳前期BCS及其变化对泌乳性能和离群寿命的影响,利用Cox回归对泌乳前期不同BCS的荷斯坦牛生存曲线进行绘制,并对不同BCS荷斯坦牛的淘汰原因进行卡方检验。结果表明,全群泌乳前期BCS均值为（2.95 ±0.32）。胎次、产犊季节和泌乳天数对泌乳前期BCS有极显著影响（P<0.01）,1胎牛和夏季产犊的母牛泌乳前期BCS均最高;5~30、31~60、61~100 d BCS呈显著下降。泌乳前期BCS对产奶量、乳脂率、乳蛋白率、体细胞评分等均有极显著影响（P<0.01）。产奶量和高峰奶量随BCS的增加呈极显著下降（P<0.01）。泌乳前期BCS与产奶量、高峰奶量呈极显著负相关（P<0.01）,与乳蛋白率呈极显著正相关（P<0.01）。泌乳前期BCS的变化对SCS和高峰奶量均有显著影响（P<0.05）。泌乳前期BCS对离群胎次和淘汰月龄有极显著影响（P<0.01）。生存分析表明,BCS为2.75的牛只生存概率最大。2胎和4胎母牛、冬季产犊的母牛不同BCS淘汰比例均呈极显著差异（P<0.01）;低产淘汰的牛只泌乳前期BCS淘汰分布具有极显著差异（P<0.01）。在本研究牛群中,当泌乳前期BCS为2.75时,牛只生产性能较佳且淘汰风险最低,本研究为规模化牛场荷斯坦牛泌乳前期的饲养管理提供了参考。 相似文献
5.
Energy balance in grazing Jersey cows in early lactation supplemented with peanut and sunflower oils
Marcelo de Oliveira Alves Rufino Márcia Saladine Vieira Salles João Alberto Negrão João Luiz Pratti Daniel Luciano Soares de Lima Francilaine Eloise De Marchi Luiz Carlos Roma Júnior Geraldo Tadeu dos Santos 《Tropical animal health and production》2018,50(5):1065-1070
In this study, we evaluated the effects of supplementation with peanut and sunflower oils on intake and digestibility, milk yield and composition, energy balance (EB), changes in weight and body condition score (BW and BCS), and blood metabolites of Jersey cows on pasture in early lactation. Twenty-four cows were distributed in a randomized block design where they received the following treatments: concentrate without oil (CON), concentrate plus 59.6 g/kg DM peanut oil (PEA), concentrate plus 59.6 g/kg DM sunflower oil (SUN), and concentrate plus 59.6 g/kg DM of a 1:1 mixture of peanut oil and sunflower oil (MIX). The data were analyzed at 30 and 60 days in milk (DIM). Oil supplementation did not affect total dry matter intake or forage intake. The treatment SUN reduced daily milk yield, 4% fat-corrected milk yield, and milk fat, while the other treatments generated similar results. The treatment SUN reduced the milk net energy and the use efficiency of the NEL for milk production and BW and BCS changes, and improved EB up to 60 DIM. On tropical pastures, supplementation with unsaturated oils for cows in early lactation does not result in better milk performance. The supplementation with sunflower oil improves the energy balance in early lactation. 相似文献
6.
O. Herstad M. Øverland A. Haug A. Skrede M. S. Thomassen E. Egaas 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A - Animal Sciences》2013,63(2):121-128
Abstract The objective of the study was to investigate the effects of oil sources in the diet on milk yield, milk composition, and fatty acid (FA) profiles in mid-lactating dairy cows. Forty-eight Chinese Holstein dairy cows averaging 150 days in milk (DIM) at the start of the experiment (body weight = 596±19 kg; milk yield = 29.7±3.00 kg/d) were used in a completely randomized block design. The animals were assigned into four dietary treatments according to DIM and milk yield, and supplemented with no oil (control), 2% flaxseed oil (FSO), 2% soybean oil (SBO), and 2% oil from extruded soybeans (ESB). The experiment lasted nine weeks including the first week for adaptation. Milk yields, milk compositions (fat, protein, and lactose), and milk FA profiles were measured. Daily milk yield from cows fed with FSO, SBO, and ESB were higher than milk yield of the control cows (27.0, 27.0, and 26.5 vs. 25.4 kg/d). Milk fat percentage of the control cows was greater than those cows fed with oil-supplemented diets. However, increasing dietary fat content resulted with no change in fat-corrected milk yield. The FA profile of milk was changed by fat supplementation. Feeding oil reduced the proportion of both short-chain (C8:0 to C12:0) and medium-chain (C14:0 to C16:1) FAs, and increased the proportion of long-chain (≥C18:0) FAs in milk fat. Cis-9, trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) in milk fat was increased from 0.38% for the control to 0.79, 1.51, and 1.56% of fat for the cows supplemented with FSO, SBO, and ESB, respectively. Feeding oils rich in linoleic acid (SBO and ESB) was more effective in enhancing cis-9, trans-11 CLA in milk fat than oils containing linolenic acid (FSO). There was a linear relationship between transvaccenic acid and cis-9, trans-11 CLA content in milk. Overall, feeding the FSO, SBO, and ESB diets increased monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids and decreased the saturated fatty acid in milk fat. 相似文献
7.
Wenming Huang Yujia Tian Yajing Wang Aminamu Simayi Amingguli Yasheng Zhaohai Wu Shengli Li Zhijun Cao 《畜牧与生物技术杂志(英文版)》2014,5(1):30
Energy intake prepartum is critically important to health, milk performance, and profitability of dairy cows. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of reduced energy density of close-up diets on dry matter intake (DMI), lactation performance and energy balance (EB) in multiparous Holstein cows which were housed in a free-stall barn and fed for ad libitum intake. Thirty-nine dry cows were blocked and assigned randomly to three groups fed a high energy density diet [HD, n = 13; 6.8 MJ of net energy for lactation (NEL)/kg; 14.0% crude protein (CP) ], or a middle energy density diet (MD, n = 13; 6.2 MJ NEL/kg; 14.0% CP), or a low energy density diet (LD, n = 13; 5.4 MJ NEL/kg; 14.0% CP) from d 21 before expected day of calving. After parturition, all cows were fed the same lactation diet to d 70 in milk (DIM). The DMI and NEL intake prepartum were decreased by the reduced energy density diets (P < 0.05). The LD group consumed 1.3 kg/d (DM) more diet compared with HD group in the last 24 h before calving. The milk yield and the postpartum DMI were increased by the reduced energy density diet prepartum (P < 0.05). The changes in BCS and BW prepartum and postpartum were not affected by prepartum diets. HD group had higher milk fat content and lower lactose content compared with LD group during the first 3 wk of lactation (P < 0.05). The energy consumption for HD, MD and LD groups were 149.8%, 126.2% and 101.1% of their calculated energy requirements prepartum (P < 0.05), and 72.7%, 73.1% and 75.2% during the first 4 wk postpartum, respectively. In conclusion, the low energy density prepartum diet was effective in controlling NEL intake prepartum, and was beneficial in increasing DMI and milk yield, and alleviating negative EB postpartum. 相似文献
8.
试验旨在探讨不同降温处理工艺对北京地区泌乳牛夏季生产性能和生理指标的影响。采用单因子试验设计,将30头泌乳牛随机分为A、B、C三组,每组10头,采取不同降温工艺处理,A为对照组,B为风机降温组,C为智能喷淋降温组。试验期为14d,期间提供相同日粮,自由饮水,对夏季牛舍环境指标、奶牛生理指标、行为参数和产奶性能进行持续测定。结果表明:在半开放牛舍中,相比于风扇降温模式,智能喷淋降温模式能有效降低处理过程中温湿指数(P<0.05)、奶牛体表温度(P<0.05)、呼吸频率(P<0.05);增加高温环境下奶牛躺卧时间(P<0.05),缩短站立时间(P<0.05);有效缓解高温导致的日采食量下降和产奶损失,提升夏季牛奶乳脂率(P<0.05);降低牛乳中血清蛋白含量(P<0.05)和体细胞数(P<0.05)。说明在北京地区半开放式养殖模式下,智能喷淋降温能更有效缓解夏季热应激,调节奶牛生理状况和行为活动,提升奶牛夏季生产性能。 相似文献
9.
Naoki ISOBE Tomoyasu KUROSE Naoki SUZUKI Tomoko KOSHIISHI Kazutoshi UENO Keiichi HISAEDA 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2022,84(1):59
The present study was undertaken to examine whether oral administration of colostrum to mastitic cows reduced inflammation in the udder. Fifty milliliters of a colostrum whey product was administered orally daily for 3 days to cows suffering from mastitis. Milk was collected on day 0 and 7 of colostrum administration. For Experiment 1, milk from 11 udder quarters with high somatic cell counts (SCC) in four cows was used. SCC in milk decreased significantly after colostrum administration, whereas colostrum administration increased sodium and IgA concentrations significantly compared with those before administration. In Experiment 2, cows with clinical mastitis were divided into two groups, with and without colostrum administration, whereas all cows with subclinical mastitis were administered colostrum. Antibiotics were infused into the mammary gland from the first day of colostrum administration for 2–4 days. There was no significant decrease in SCC after colostrum administration in any group. However, udder firmness in both clinical mastitis groups was reduced after administration regardless of colostrum administration. IgA concentration in both clinical mastitis groups was significantly increased after colostrum administration compared to that before administration, although there was no significant difference between them. These results suggest the possibility that oral administration of colostrum attenuates inflammation of the mammary gland. Further studies are required to examine the effect of colostrum more precisely using cows with subclinical and chronic mastitis and longer duration of colostrum administration. 相似文献
10.
《畜牧与生物技术杂志(英文版)》2015,(1)
Energy intake prepartum is critically important to health,milk performance,and profitability of dairy cows.The objective of this study was to determine the effect of reduced energy density of close-up diets on dry matter intake(DMI),lactation performance and energy balance(EB) in multiparous Holstein cows which were housed in a free-stall bam and fed for ad libitum intake.Thirty-nine dry cows were blocked and assigned randomly to three groups fed a high energy density diet[HD,n = 13;6.8 MJ of net energy for lactation(NE_L)/kg;14.0%crude protein(CP)],or a middle energy density diet(MD,n = 13;6.2 MJ NE_L/kg;14.0%CP),or a low energy density diet(LD,n = 13;5.4 MJ NE_L/kg;14.0%CP) from d 21 before expected day of calving.After parturition,all cows were fed the same lactation diet to d 70 in milk(DIM).The DMI and NE_L intake prepartum were decreased by the reduced energy density diets(P 0.05).The LD group consumed 1.3 kg/d(DM) more diet compared with HD group in the last 24 h before calving.The milk yield and the postpartum DMI were increased by the reduced energy density diet prepartum(P 0.05).The changes in BCS and BW prepartum and postpartum were not affected by prepartum diets.HD group had higher milk fat content and lower lactose content compared with LD group during the first 3 wk of lactation(P 0.05).The energy consumption for HD,MD and LD groups were 149.8%,126.2%and 101.1%of their calculated energy requirements prepartum(P 0.05),and 72.7%,73.1%and 75.2%during the first 4 wk postpartum,respectively.In conclusion,the low energy density prepartum diet was effective in controlling NE_L intake prepartum,and was beneficial in increasing DMI and milk yield,and alleviating negative EB postpartum. 相似文献
11.
This study determined colostrum production of lactating primiparous and multiparous Holstein dairy cows, as well as the predictability of full lactation milk yield based upon this colostrum production. Holstein cows that calved between December 18, 2006 and December 24, 2007 (n = 134) had their first two post-partum milkings weighed and assayed for density. Cows then entered normal production groups and were assessed for milk yield and milk components every 4 or 5 weeks for the duration of their lactation. Primiparous cows produced less colostrum (10.6 versus 13.6 kg; P = 0.02) and density adjusted (DA) colostrum (5.2 versus 8.5 kg; P < 0.01), but there were no differences in estimated 305 day mature equivalent (305ME) milk production (mean = 13,654 kg) or lactation lengths (mean = 301 days) between parities. Colostrum and DA colostrum were poor estimators of subsequent 305ME milk production within primiparous cows (r2 = 0.20 and 0.01 respectively) and multiparous cows (r2 = 0.18 and 0.12 respectively). Colostrum production of these high producing cows was somewhat lower than expected, highly variable among cows within parity, higher for multiparous versus primiparous cows, and was not a good estimator of subsequent 305ME milk production. 相似文献
12.
Sandro Charopen Machado Concepta Margareth McManus Marcelo Tempel Stumpf Vivian Fischer 《Tropical animal health and production》2014,46(5):855-859
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of concentrate-to-forage ratio (C:F) on the performance, blood profile, and milk physicochemical characteristics of mid-lactation cows fed a corn silage-based diet. Twenty four Holstein cows, with BW 575?±?70 kg, body condition score (BCS) 3.1?±?0.2, milk yield 18.4?±?3.0 kg, and days in milk (DIM) 121?±?21 were randomly allocated into three treatments with C:F ratios of 35:65, 45:55, and 55:45 on a dry matter (DM) basis. Data was submitted to analyses of variance and regression. Increasing C:F from 35 to 55 % linearly enhanced milk production (22 to 23.6 kg day?1) and serum urea nitrogen (16.8 to 19.6 mg/dL), while it linearly reduced lactose and fat in milk (4.8 to 4.6 %; 3.9 to 3.6 %, respectively). Body weight, BCS, milk acidity, ethanol stability, coagulation time, and milk and blood mineral contents did not differ among treatments. During the last period of measurements, increased C:F reduced urinary pH and milk urea nitrogen. Changes of concentrate-to-forage proportion from 35 to 55 % increased milk yield, altered chemical composition without changing BW, BCS, acidity, stability, and mineral content of milk and blood attributes. 相似文献
13.
Nishita T Tanaka Y Wada Y Murakami M Kasuya T Ichihara N Matsui K Asari M 《Veterinary research communications》2007,31(1):83-92
Concentrations of bovine carbonic anhydrase isozyme VI (CA-IV) in bovine serum, saliva, normal milk, colostrum, submandibular
gland, liver, and mammary gland were determined. CA-VI was purified from bovine saliva and an antibody to CA-VI was generated.
The concentrations of CA-VI in the saliva (7.8 ± 7.9 μg/ml), serum (2.1± 5.7 ng/ml), milk (7.9 ± 12.1 ng/ml), submandibular
gland (284.7 μg/g protein), liver (921.0 ± 180.7 ng/g protein) and mammary gland (399.6 ± 191.2 ng/g protein) were determined
by ELISA. No seasonal change in CA-VI levels was observed in normal milk. The concentration of CA-VI in colostrum (day 1 post
partum) was 119 ng/ml and decreased rapidly by 1 month following birth. Mammary gland contained much smaller amounts than
the submandibular gland. CA-VI mRNA was detected in the liver and mammary gland of cow by RT-PCR. The ELISA used in this study
proved to be a precise and sensitive method for determining CA-VI concentrations in saliva, serum, milk and tissue specimens
from cows. The ELISA may enable the study of changes in CA-VI associated with hereditary or metabolic disorders of the salivary
gland, mammary gland and liver using small samples of saliva, serum or milk. 相似文献
14.
Effects of monensin and essential oils on immunological,haematological and biochemical parameters of cows during the transition period 
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下载免费PDF全文 C. Drong U. Meyer D. von Soosten J. Frahm J. Rehage H. Schirrmeier M. Beer S. Dänicke 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2017,101(4):791-806
Using a model to generate experimental groups with different manifestations of post‐partum (p.p.) fat mobilization and ketogenesis, the effects of a dietary and a medical intervention on biochemical and haematological parameters, antibody titre, leucocytes subsets and function of transition cows were examined. In total, 60 German Holstein cows were allocated 6 weeks antepartum (a.p.) to 3 high‐body condition score (BCS) groups (BCS 3.95) and 1 low‐BCS group (LC, BCS 2.77). High‐BCS cows received a monensin controlled‐release capsule (HC/MO) or a blend of essential oils (HC/EO) or formed a control group (HC). Parameters were evaluated in 3 periods (day (d) ?42 until calving, 1 until 14 days in milk (DIM), 15 until 56 DIM). Over the course of trial, various parameters were influenced by period with greatest variability next to calving. White blood cell count was higher in the HC (8.42 × 103/μl) and HC/EO (8.38 × 103/μl) groups than in the HC/MO group (6.81 × 103/μl) considering the whole trial. Supplementation of monensin decreased aspartate aminotransferase in comparison with the HC group similar to LC treatment. Bilirubin concentration was nearly doubled in all high‐BCS cows in period 2. In period 3, essential oils increased γ‐glutamyltransferase (80.4 Units/l) in comparison with all other groups and glutamine dehydrogenase (61 Units/l) in comparison with the LC (19 Units/l) and the HC/MO group (18 Units/l). Results suggest that parameters were generally characterized by a high variability around calving. Based on biochemical characteristics, it appeared that the HC cows seemed to have compromised hepatocyte integrity when compared to the LC cows. From the immune parameters investigated, the BVDV antibody response was more pronounced in HC/MO compared to HC/EO. 相似文献
15.
Radioimmunology was used to determine leptin and ghrelin levels in sow colostrum and milk in relation to those in sow and neonatal pig blood plasma and to the body weight of piglets during the first week of lactation. The highest concentration of leptin was found in colostrum on the second day of lactation (69.3 ± 6.3 ng/mL). Leptin concentrations in sow plasma were significantly lower than in colostrum/milk (2.19 ± 0.9 ng/mL, P = 0.7692) and were stable in the first 7 days of lactation. Total and active ghrelin concentrations in colostrum/milk were stable in the measured time points (6734 ± 261 pg/mL, P = 0.3397; 831 ± 242 pg/mL, P = 0.3988, respectively). Total ghrelin concentrations in sow plasma were lower than in colostrum/milk. These results indicate that pigs follow a unique species‐specific pattern of leptin and ghrelin synthesis, release and existence, and that the mammary gland is an important source of leptin and ghrelin contained in colostrum/milk. 相似文献
16.
Thiago N Marins Ana P A Monteiro Xisha Weng Jinru Guo Ruth M Orellana Rivas John K Bernard Dana J Tomlinson Jeff M DeFrain Sha Tao 《Journal of animal science》2020,98(10)
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of evaporative cooling and dietary supplemental Zn source on blood metabolites, insulin and mineral concentrations, and milk mineral concentrations following intramammary lipopolysaccharide (LPS) infusion. Seventy-two multiparous Holstein cows were assigned to one of four treatments with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. Treatments included two environments: with or without evaporative cooling using fans and misters over the freestall and feedbunk, and two dietary sources of supplemental Zn: 75 mg/kg of dry matter (DM) supplied by Zn hydroxychloride (inorganic Zn; IOZ) or Zn hydroxychloride (35 mg of Zn/kg of DM) + Zn–Met complex (ZMC; 40 mg of Zn/kg of DM). A subset of cows (n = 16; 263 ± 63 d in milk) was infused with 10 μg of LPS or a saline control in the left or right rear quarters on day 34 of the environmental treatment. Individual milk samples collected from LPS-infused quarters at −4, 0, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 144 h relative to infusion were analyzed for minerals. Blood samples were collected at the same time with an additional sample collected at 3 h post-infusion to analyze glucose, nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), insulin, and minerals. Cooling by time interactions (P ≤ 0.07) were observed for plasma glucose, NEFA, and serum insulin. Compared with cooled cows, non-cooled cows had lower concentrations of plasma glucose except at 3 h following intramammary LPS infusion, greater serum insulin at 3 and 12 h, and lower plasma NEFA at 24 and 48 h after infusion. Relative to cooled cows, non-cooled cows tended (P = 0.07) to have lower serum K concentration and had lower (P < 0.01) serum Zn 6 h following infusion (cooling by time interaction: P < 0.01). Relative to ZMC cows, IOZ cows had greater (P ≤ 0.09) concentrations of plasma Se, skim milk Na and Se, and skim milk Na to K ratio. Regardless of treatment, intramammary LPS infusion reduced (P < 0.01) serum or plasma concentrations of Ca, Mg, Zn, Fe, and Se, but increased (P < 0.01) their concentration in skim milk. In conclusion, deprivation of cooling resulted in more rapid and prolonged insulin release and influenced the systemic and mammary mineral metabolism during mammary inflammation induced by LPS of lactating dairy cows. Dietary supplementation of Zn–Met complex reduced blood and milk Se concentrations compared with cows fed Zn from an inorganic source. 相似文献
17.
V. Artegoitia A. Meikle L. Olazabal J. P. Damin M. L. Adrien D. A. Mattiauda J. Bermudez A. Torre M. Carriquiry 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2013,97(5):919-932
The objective was to evaluate the effect of body condition score (BCS) at 30 days before calving (−30 days) induced by a differential nutritional management, parity and week of lactation (WOL) on milk yield and composition, and milk casein and fatty acid composition. Primiparous and multiparous Holstein cows with high BCS (PH, n = 13; MH, n = 9) and low BCS (PL, n = 9; ML = 8) under grazing conditions were sampled at WOL 2 and 8 (before and after peak of lactation). Milk yield was greater in multiparous than in primiparous cows and tended to decrease from WOL 2 to 8 only in ML cows. Milk protein, fat and casein yields were greater in multiparous than in primiparous cows and decreased from WOL 2 to 8. Milk casein concentration in milk protein was greater in MH cows than in ML, PH and PL cows at WOL 2. Milk κ‐casein was greater, and β‐casein was less in multiparous than in primiparous cows. As lactation progressed, proportion of casein fractions were not altered. Only κ‐casein fraction was affected by BCS at −30 days as PL showed a higher concentration than PH. The de novo (4:0–15:1) and mixed‐origin fatty acids (16:0–16:1) in milk fat increased, whereas preformed fatty acids (≥17:0) decreased from WOL 2 to 8. Saturated (SAT) fatty acids tended to be greater and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) were less in multiparous than in primiparous cows. High‐BCS cows had greater concentrations of polyunsaturated (PUFA), conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) as well as n‐6 and n‐3 fatty acids in milk fat than low‐BCS cows. The results indicate that casein and fatty acid fractions in milk were affected by parity and may be modified by a differential nutritional management during the pre‐calving period (BCS at −30 days) in cows under grazing conditions. 相似文献
18.
Kekana Thapelo W. Nherera-Chokuda Florence V. Muya Mukengela C. Manyama Kabelo M. Lehloenya Khoboso C. 《Tropical animal health and production》2018,50(4):921-924
The effects of high thermal stress on serum protein metabolites, milk production of transition dairy cows in semi-arid areas in South Africa were evaluated. Forty, ±?8 months pregnant, Jersey heifers (±?26 months) in zero grazing management were selected during summer from two semi-arid communal areas. Summer thermal-humidity index (THI) of the areas were THI-1 (72–83: extreme caution) and THI-2 (75–87: danger). Blood samples were collected (21 days pre-partum, and 21 and 75 days post-partum) and analysed for serum protein metabolites. Milk yield was recorded daily and samples collected for milk fat, protein, lactose and urea nitrogen analysis. Heifers in THI-2 had lower (P?<?0.05) total serum proteins, albumin and blood urea nitrogen than THI-1. Post-calving, cows in THI-1 had higher (P?<?0.05) TP (73.4 vs 67.9 g/l) and BUN (4.61 vs 3.77 mmol/l) at 21 DIM, and lower (P creatinine at 21 and 75 DIM than THI-2 group. Milk yield, fat and protein in THI-2 were all lower (P?<?0.05) than THI-1 21DIM. The results confirm that heat stress affects utilisation of nutrients in transition dairy cows.
相似文献19.
Coxiella burnetii: Serological reactions and bacterial shedding in primiparous dairy cows in an endemically infected herd—impact on milk yield and fertility 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 M Freick H Enbergs J Walraph R Diller J Weber A Konrath 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2017,52(1):160-169
Coxiella burnetii (C. burnetii) is the causative agent of Q fever both in humans and animals. The objectives of this study were to investigate seropositivity and bacterial shedding in heifers and primiparous cows in an endemically infected herd and to assess the effects on post‐partum diseases, fertility and milk production. At the age of 9 months, 96 Holstein heifers were included. Sampling was performed reproduction‐orientated: at the beginning of the study, at detection of first pregnancy, 3 weeks before expected calving date (blood serum), at parturition and after 21, 42, 100 and 150 days in milk (DIM) (blood serum, vaginal swabs and milk). Serum samples were investigated by a commercial ELISA for the presence of specific antibodies and vaginal swabs and milk samples by PCR to detect C. burnetii DNA. Individual animal data (calving ease, stillbirth, retained foetal membranes, puerperal metritis, endometritis after 42 DIM, presence of corpus luteum after 42 DIM, interval calving‐first service, interval calving‐conception, number of inseminations until 150 DIM, proportion of pregnant cows until 100 and 150 DIM, proportion of pregnant cows after first service and data of the dairy herd improvement test) were documented. All heifers were seronegative at the age of 9 months and 3 weeks before the expected calving date. Subsequently, the proportion of seropositive animals and the antibody score increased significantly towards 42 and 100 DIM, respectively. Vaginal C. burnetii shedding was highest at parturition (30.9%), while the most positive milk samples were detected after 100 DIM (15.3%). Coxiella burnetii seropositivity and shedding had no impact on parameters of reproduction. However, milk fat yield was declined in puerperal vaginal shedders and cows which seroconverted during their first 42 DIM, respectively. 相似文献
20.
G E Duhamel D Bernoco W C Davis B I Osburn 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》1987,14(2):101-122
The distribution of lymphocyte subpopulations from dry secretions, colostrum and blood from 10 healthy adult Hostein-Fresian cows was studied using the TH21A and B26A mouse monoclonal antibodies (MAb) to adult bovine B and T lymphocytes, respectively. The mammary gland lymphocytes (MGL) were isolated from composite sample of all four quarters by density centrifugation over discontinuous gradient of ficoll-diatrizoate. The peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) were purified using the ficoll-thrombin method. Isolated PBL and MGL were analyzed using the two fluorochromes method (TFM) and laser flow cytometry (LFC). The mean viability of isolated PBL and MGL from dry secretions and colostrum after the TFM and LFC were 92.4% +/- 3.2%, 91.4% +/- 6.0% and 87.1% +/- 6.1%, respectively. There was a good correlation between the two MAbs and the percentage of surface immunoglobulin (SIg) positive cells in the peripheral blood using the TFM. The PBL yielded a mean percentage of 21.2% B cells, 66.4% T cells and 9.4% "Null cells" (TH21A+; SIg-). The TFM on MGL from dry secretions and colostrum indicated two distinct patterns (group I and II) of SIg and reactivity to MAb markers (p less than 0.001). The MGL data included in group I and group II were gathered from both colostral and dry secretions. In comparison to the distribution of lymphocyte subsets within peripheral blood the mean percentages of B cells, T cells and "Null cells" in the mammary gland were respectively, 2.8%, 88.1% and 5.4% for group I and 3.5%, 89.0% and 15.1% for group II. In the mammary secretions, the use of SIg alone was not considered to be a good marker for B cells; in four animals a mean percentage of 15.6% (13.9/89.0 X 100) of the mammary gland T lymphocytes were also SIg+. Of the TH21A+ MGL, only 18.8% were SIg+ in group II compared with 34.1% for MGL from group I and 69.3% for the PBL. Marked differences in cell size distribution and cell surface antigen density were found when PBL and MGL from dry secretions were compared by LFC using the B26A MAb. The results of this study demonstrate a difference in the percentages of peripheral blood and mammary gland B and T lymphocytes and confirm previous findings in which the T lymphocytes were found to represent the major subpopulation of lymphocytes in bovine mammary secretions. This may represent an essential event in the adoptive transfer of cellular immunity through the colostrum in cattle. 相似文献