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本文主要论述了影响断奶母猪发情的因素及应对措施，通过分析发现环境温度、断奶失重、饲喂不当、母猪体况、诱情查情不到位、应激等因素对断奶母猪发情产生影响，根据这些因素提出了断奶母猪饲喂与体况管理、诱情查情和环境控制等方面的应对措施，以期指导规模化猪场的生产管理工作，尽可能地减少生产成本，提高猪场经济效益。 相似文献
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影响母猪发情因素的探讨 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
分析了断奶母猪哺乳期采食量、断奶后采食量、体况、哺乳期长短以及断奶后饲养环境等因素对母猪断奶发情率的影响,比较了不同人工诱情药物诱导断奶后乏情母猪发情的效果。试验结果对提高万头猪场中母猪繁殖力有一定参考价值。 相似文献
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为了分析母猪断奶时膘情与繁殖性能的关系,该试验使用B超仪分别测定了长白猪、大白猪以及不同胎次的共450头母猪的背膘厚度,然后分析不同背膘厚对配种效果的影响。结果表明:长白和大白母猪不同背膘的发情间隔、发情率和返情率存在较大差异,B组发情率显著高于A、C组(P0.05);不同胎次哺乳母猪E组断奶背膘的发情率、返情率和发情间隔显著高于D组和F组(P0.05),获得的配种效果最佳;母猪背膘厚度为13 mm时的流产率和死胎率显著高于其他背膘厚(P0.05)。说明不同品种和胎次的哺乳母猪断奶时的膘情影响其繁殖性能,要将母猪断奶时的膘情控制在合适的范围,以提高其繁殖性能。 相似文献
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正经产母猪断奶后的再发情,受季节、天气、哺乳时间、哺乳头数、断奶时母猪的膘情、生殖器官恢复状态等不同因素的影响,故发情早晚各异。近几年来,据对本地区27家养猪企业的初步调查发现,有20%以上企业的部分经产母猪断奶后发情迟缓或不发情,严重影响了能繁母猪生产力的发挥和企业的经济效益。为此,现结合生产实践,对经产母猪断奶后不发情的原因和防治措施作以介绍,以供同行参考。(一)引起母猪断奶后不发情的常见原因1.饲料营养有关的原因。引起乏情的最常见因素是能量不足。对 相似文献
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母猪断奶后，卵巢便开始了新一轮的活动周期，经过3~5 d的时间，母猪便会出现发情表现。断奶母猪的发情是自发的一个状态，即使没有公猪的刺激，大部分的母猪也会发情。既然断奶母猪的发情是自发状态，为什么还要做断奶母猪的诱情与查情管理呢？原因主要有以下几点： 1）小部分母猪对公猪有依赖性，良好的诱情与查情管理可以提高断奶母猪的发情率； 2）良好的诱情与查情管理可以缩短断奶至配种间隔，提高断奶母猪的集中发情率； 3）良好的诱情与查情管理可以加强断奶母猪的发情表现，阴户的红肿与黏液会更加明显，降低技术人员对母猪发情的判断难度，有利于技术人员对最佳配种时机的把控，从而提高断奶母猪的受胎成绩； 4）良好的诱情与查情管理可以最大程度地促进断奶母猪的排卵，提高产仔成绩。 相似文献
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母猪断奶20天后还不发情,通称为“乏情”。引起乏情的原因较多,应采取综合措施加以解决。 1 改善饲养管理 1.1 根据膘情增减精料。母猪过瘦,可适当增加青饲料和精饲料的喂量,让膘情迅速恢复,促进发情;如果过肥,卵巢及其他生殖器官会被脂肪包埋,引起母猪排卵减少,屡配不孕,增加青粗饲料,可使膘情降下来,促进母猪发情。 相似文献
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促进乏情母猪发情提高其受胎率的措施临床中我们常遇到一些已达配种年龄，有种用价值的后备母猪或经产母猪断奶后长期不发情。对外观健康、膘情适中、无器质性疾病的母猪在治疗时如单独使用己烯雌酚或ＶＥ往往效果欠佳，人工诱情效果也不满意。笔者试用己烯雌酚合用大剂量... 相似文献
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后备母猪不发情的原因包括疾病因素、营养因素、饲养管理因素等,现将预防和治疗措施报道如下。1后备母猪不发情的预防合理饲养。对后备母猪而言,大栏成群饲养(每栏4~6头)比定位栏饲养要好,母猪间适当的争斗与爬跨能促进发情。但每栏母猪多于6头,则较为拥挤且导致打架频繁,不利于发情。若用定位栏饲养,应加强运动。利用公猪诱情。后备母猪满8月龄后应有计划地让其与结扎的试情公猪接触诱导发情,每天接触2次,每次15~20分钟。用不同公猪刺激比用同一公猪效果好。建立完善的发情档案。后备母猪在8月龄以后,需要每天到栏内用压背法结合外阴检查法… 相似文献
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1促进空怀母猪发情1.1早期断奶通常实行哺乳仔猪35日龄断奶,既可防止仔猪恋奶而影响断奶重,又可以减少母猪膘情的损失,提早发情,缩短繁殖周期,提高年产仔窝数。 相似文献
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F X Aherne I H Williams 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice》1992,8(3):589-608
Modern sows are younger and leaner at time of mating and probably have poorer appetites than sows of 10 to 15 years ago. Therefore, feeding strategies should aim to minimize weight loss and maintain a sow's body condition throughout her reproductive life. The efficiency with which gilts are introduced into the breeding herd is as important in economic terms as is the efficiency with which the sow returns to estrus after weaning. Gilts should be selected at 50 to 60 kg, and fed a 16% protein diet ad libitum until mated at their second estrus, when they weigh 115 to 120 kg and have 17 to 20 mm backfat. Flushing gilts before the onset of second or third estrus increases ovulation rate of restricted gilts to the levels achieved by gilts fed ad libitum. During gestation, maintenance represents 75 to 85% of total energy requirements. The aim should be to achieve 20 to 25 mm backfat at farrowing. Increased feed intake from day 2 to 3 after mating will not increase embryo mortality. Feeding an extra 1 kg feed/sow/day for the last 10 days of gestation increases piglet birth weight slightly and prevents a loss of 1.5 to 2.0 mm of sow backfat. Wherever possible, sows should be fed ad libitum from the day after farrowing until weaning. Reduced feed intake by lactating sows, for whatever reason, results in excessive weight and condition loss. Excessive weight loss in lactation causes extended remating intervals, a lower percentage of sows returning to estrus within 10 days of weaning, reduced pregnancy rate, and reduced embryo survival. Ovulation rate is not affected by level of feed intake in lactation. It has been suggested that sows will have minimum weaning-to-service intervals when they weigh 150 kg or more at weaning. It is likely that the sow must be anabolic for about 10 days before she will exhibit postweaning estrus. The decision when to rebreed is made some time prior to weaning and is mediated by a host of substrates, hormones, and neurotransmitters. Sows with a delayed return to estrus also have a lower pregnancy rate and smaller subsequent litters. If sows lose considerable weight or condition during lactation, a high level of feeding in the postweaning period will improve embryo survival. 相似文献
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L J Johnston R L Fogwell W C Weldon N K Ames D E Ullrey E R Miller 《Journal of animal science》1989,67(4):943-950
Twenty-two primiparous Yorkshire sows were used to determine whether a minimal threshold of body fat exists below which the return to estrus is delayed. A second objective was to examine the relationship between body fat and interval from weaning to estrus in restricted-fed sows. During lactation (28 d), sows received 7, 9, 11 or 13 Mcal of ME daily to produce a range of sow body fatness at weaning. Intake of all dietary essentials except ME was similar for all sows. Litter size was adjusted to 10 pigs for all sows by d 3 postpartum. Each day from weaning to estrus, sows received 110 kcal ME per kg metabolic body weight plus 1,359 kcal ME per sow. Body fat was estimated at weaning and at first postweaning estrus by deuterium oxide dilution. Last rib backfat depth was determined ultrasonically 24 h postpartum and at weaning. Irrespective of dietary ME intake, percentage body fat at weaning (R2 = .24; P less than .05) and first postweaning estrus (R2 = .03; P greater than .50) accounted for only a small portion of variation in interval from weaning to estrus. Likewise, loss of backfat depth during lactation was not an accurate predictor of interval from weaning to estrus (R2 = .24; P less than .05). The low coefficients of determination (less than .25) suggest that body fat is a minor controller of postweaning interval to estrus. In contrast, dietary ME intake during lactation accounted for the largest portion of the variation (R2; = .48; P less than .01) in postweaning interval to estrus. We conclude that timing of postweaning estrus in primiparous sows is not dependent on a minimal threshold of body fat. Furthermore, effects of lactational ME intake on the postweaning interval to estrus are more pronounced than the effects of body fat. 相似文献
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Effect of dietary biotin supplementation on sow reproductive performance and soundness and pig growth and mortality 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
A 3-yr study was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary biotin supplementation on the reproductive performance of 90 sows and gilts, and on the pre-weaning growth and mortality of 223 litters. Corn-soybean meal-based diets supplemented with either 0 or 440 micrograms/kg d-biotin were fed to sows throughout their reproductive cycle. Biotin supplementation had no beneficial effect (P greater than .10) on 107-d sow weight, sow weight at weaning, weaning to estrus interval, foot lesion score, hair loss score, structural soundness score, number of pigs born, number and percentage of pigs born alive or number and percentage of pigs alive at 21 d of age. Biotin supplementation had no effect (P greater than .10) on pig growth or mortality to 21 d of age. These data do not support the concept that biotin supplementation of sow diets is needed. 相似文献
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J H Britt 《Journal of animal science》1986,63(4):1288-1296
Number of pigs produced per sow per year is dependent upon the number of pigs born live, the number that survive to weaning and the interval between consecutive farrowings for the sow. Feeding and management of the sow during late gestation affects birth weight and amount of energy stored as glycogen and lipid in the piglet. Piglets that are heavier and that have more energy stores have a higher survival rate. Adding fat to the sow's diet during the last month of gestation or altering the sow's metabolism to direct more nutrients to the fetus are methods for increasing piglet birthweight and energy stores. Feeding the sow properly during lactation is important for maximum yield of milk and milk energy, which affects survival of pigs to weaning, and for rebreeding performance of the sow after weaning. Energy intake during lactation can be increased by adding fat to diets, and this is beneficial in situations where feed intake is insufficient to meet the sow's requirements. For example, fat supplementation during lactation is beneficial for primiparous sows and for sows lactating during hot weather. The minimum practical lactation length is about 2 wk for normal rebreeding performance of the sow. Split weaning or separation of the litter from the sow for 6 to 12 h/d will shorten the rebreeding interval or induce estrus during lactation. Administration of pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin, with or without human chorionic gonadotropin, will induce estrus during lactation, and the response is better after the second week of lactation. Similar treatments at weaning will shorten the rebreeding interval.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 相似文献
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The effect of lasalocid (140 mg . head-1 . d-1) on sow reproductive performance and subsequent piglet performance during lactation were examined in a trial that involved 114 sows. Treatments consisted of 1) control diet with no lasalocid during gestation and lactation; 2) lasalocid diet during gestation, control diet during lactation; 3) control diet during gestation and lasalocid diet during lactation; and 4) lasalocid diet during gestation and lactation. The addition of lasalocid either to gestation or lactation diets had no effect (P greater than .10) on sow weight gains or days to return to estrus postweaning. Milk protein percentages were similar (P greater than .10) for sows in all treatment groups for samples taken at 3, 7 and 14 d postfarrowing. Milk fat percentages were higher (P less than .05) in fall-bred sows at d 3 for Treatments 1, 3 and 4 than for Treatment 2 No significant differences (P less than .10) were observed for litter size at birth, 21 d postfarrowing or at weaning. Piglet weights at birth, 21 d and weaning were similar (P less than .10) among treatment groups. However, litter size and litter weight gains tended to be heavier at 21 d postfarrowing and at weaning for fall-bred sows fed lasalocid in either gestation and (or) lactation compared with those fed the control diet. 相似文献
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Fifty-three primiparous sows were used to study the effects of a high-energy, fat-supplemented diet on sow lactation and rebreeding performance. Sows received either a low [Lo, 12.5 Mcal metabolizable energy (ME)/d] or high (Hi, 16.0 Mcal ME/d) energy sorghum-soybean diet during a 28-d lactation. At weaning, sows were randomly allotted, within lactation treatment, to a low (lo, 5.54 Mcal ME/d) or high (hi, 9.61 Mcal ME/d) energy sorghum-soybean diet until the day of first postweaning estrus. Primiparous sows fed Lo weaned larger (P less than .05) litters than sows fed Hi; however, average pig weight was not affected by lactation treatments. Primiparous sows fed Hi had more backfat at weaning (P less than .01) than Lo sows. In contrast, sow weight was not affected by dietary treatments. Neither lactation nor rebreeding treatments influenced days to rebreeding; however, an interaction (P less than .01) was observed. Mean days from weaning to rebreeding for Lolo, Lohi, Hilo and Hihi sows were 10.0, 7.6, 6.9 and 17.1, respectively. Forty sows were maintained on the same dietary treatments during their second parity. Sows receiving Lo during their second parity farrowed and weaned more (P less than .05) pigs than Hi sows. Multiparous sows fed Hi nursed heavier (P less than .05) pigs on d 21 of lactation and at weaning compared with Lo sows. Sows fed Hi were heavier (P less than .05) and had more (P less than .01) backfat at weaning of their second litter compared to Lo sows. Days to postweaning estrus were not affected by lactation or rebreeding diets. Mean length of the second parity rebreeding interval for Lolo, Lohi, Hilo and Hihi sows was 6.2, 10.2, 7.0 and 10.5 d, respectively. These results suggest that feeding levels during lactation of 12.5 Mcal ME/d or higher supported adequate rebreeding performance. Postweaning feeding levels did not influence days to first estrus. Feeding a high energy diet continuously throughout the lactation and rebreeding phases in primiparous sows may lengthen the postweaning interval to estrus. 相似文献
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Our objective was to study the effects of dietary-induced insulin enhancement during and after lactation on the reproductive performance of primiparous sows. During a 21-d lactation period, 48 sows were allotted to a 2x2 factorial experiment. Treatments were feeding level (high or low; 44 MJ or 33 MJ NE/d) and dietary energy source (fat or starch). After weaning, all sows received the same amount of feed (31 MJ NE/d from weaning to estrus and 17.5 MJ NE/d from breeding until slaughter) of the same energy source as fed during lactation. On d 7, 14, and 21 of lactation and d 22 (weaning), blood samples were taken every 12 min for 12 h and analyzed for plasma glucose, insulin, and LH. Sows were slaughtered on d 35 of the subsequent pregnancy, and ovulation rate was assessed. During lactation, postprandial plasma glucose and insulin concentrations were higher for sows fed the starch diet than for those fed the fat diet (P<.001), whereas feeding level had no effect. Basal and mean LH concentrations were not affected by treatments. The LH pulse frequency on d 7 of lactation was greater for sows fed the starch diet than for those fed the fat diet (.52 vs .17 pulses/12 h; P = .03). The high compared with the low feeding level resulted in a greater LH pulse frequency on d 21 of lactation (.89 vs .47 pulses/12 h; P = .05) and on d 22 (8.63 vs 5.77 pulses/12 h; P = .02), in a higher percentage of sows that exhibited estrus within 10 d after weaning (96 vs. 63%; P = .01), and a tendency for a higher ovulation rate (18.0 vs. 16.2; P = .09). Plasma glucose and insulin concentrations were not related to any of the LH traits. The LH pulse frequency after weaning was related to the weaning-to-estrus interval (WEI) and was best explained by a linear-plateau model. In sows fed the low feeding level, follicle size after weaning was correlated with LH pulse frequency after weaning and with the WEI, whereas in sows fed the high feeding level these correlations were not significant. Our results indicate that an improved dietary-induced insulin status during and after lactation does not overcome the inhibitory effects of lactation on subsequent reproduction at any of the feeding levels. 相似文献
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文章评估了哺乳期间母猪的饲喂频率(2或3次/d)对母猪体况、繁殖性能及仔猪生长性能的影响。试验选择68头母猪,随机分为8组(每组8~10头母猪),哺乳期间其中4组母猪每天饲喂2次,另外4组每天饲喂3次,母猪分为青年母猪(<2胎次)和老龄母猪(≥3胎次),试验结束后记录母猪体况评分、肩部组织病变、发情率、母猪生产及仔猪生长性能。结果显示:每天饲喂3次的母猪比饲喂2次的母猪采食量高(P<0.05),肩部组织病变低(P<0.05)。在每天饲喂3次的母猪中,青年母猪返情率为0%,老龄母猪返情率为29%,而在每天饲喂2次的母猪中,青年母猪发情率为20%,老龄母猪为5%。综上所述,在哺乳期,母猪每天饲喂3次较每天饲喂2次提高了采食量,对母猪体况评分和肩部组织病变有改善作用,同时也降低了年轻母猪的返情率。 相似文献