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旱作条件下冰草属5种牧草农艺性状的评价 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
摘要：为了筛选出优良的牧草材料用于寒冷的干旱与半干旱地区草地改良与建设,研究对不同来源冰草属Agropyron的5种牧草进行农艺性状评价比较。试验结果表明：所有供试材料均能完成全生育期,年均生育时间119124 d,越冬率高达93%以上;同时供试材料间各项测试性状也有显著差异。综合考虑鲜草、干草及种子产量等指标,供试的5种牧草中,采自河北的冰草A.cristatum表现第一,来自美国的细茎冰草A.trachycaulum表现第二,而来自山西的光穗冰草A.cristatum 、美国的沙生冰草A.desertorum、甘肃的蒙古冰草A.mongolicum表现一般。 相似文献
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对中国产羊草和引自美国的牧冰草共7份材料/品种在内蒙古半干旱地区旱作条件下进行了牧草产量试验.试验结果指出,在建植2～6年期间,所有供试材料的牧草产量年际变幅都比较大,但羊草的变异系数相对低于牧冰草.牧草产量的年际变化受4～7月降水量和牧草生长年限的双重影响,但建植4～5年以后则主要受生长年限的影响.就牧草产量平均值和稳产性而言,羊草LECH-IMC最好,牧冰草Walsh最差;牧冰草Arriba、Barton、Rodan和Rosana对内蒙古半干旱地区的草地补播有利用潜力. 相似文献
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冰草属牧草在旱作条件下的产量分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
对选自中国和美国的11个冰草材料/品种在内蒙古干旱和半干旱地区旱作条件下进行了牧草产量试验和分析.产于内蒙古的冰草,牧草产量和稳产性显著优于引自北美的供试品种,其中蒙古冰草表现最好;北美的供试品种在内蒙古干旱地区旱作建植困难,在半干旱地区降水丰年播种可收获2～3年牧草.一般来说,播种当年的建植水平高时,第二年的牧草产量最高,以后随着生长年限的增加产量逐年下降,但生长季降水量对产量的年际变化也产生重要影响. 相似文献
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对中国产羊草和引自美国的牧冰草共７份材料／品种在内蒙古半干旱地区旱作条件下进行了牧草产量试验,试验结果指出：在建植２～６年期间,所有供试材料的牧草产量年际变幅都比较大,但羊草的变异系数相对低于牧冰草,牧草产量的年际变化受４～７月降水量和牧草生长年限的双重影响,但建植４～５年以后则主要受生长年限的影响。就牧草产量平均值和稳产性而言,羊草ＬＥＣＨ－ＩＭＣ最好,牧冰草Ｗａｌｓｈ最差,牧冰草Ａｒｒｉｂａ, 相似文献
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桂闽引象草（Pennisetum purpureum Schum.cv.Gui Min Yin）2003年从台湾引进,经过单株筛选,几年的扩繁,筛选出比桂牧1号杂交象草质量更好、产量更高的桂闽引象草新品种.桂闽引象草品种试验产鲜草154 067 kg/hm2,比对照品种桂牧1号杂交象草126 717.4 kg/hm2,提高了21.6％,比华南象草产量109 187.4 kg/hm2提高了43.7％；区域试验、大田生产年产鲜草1.8～2.8万kg/hm2,比桂牧1号杂交象草增产10％～20％；粗蛋白质含量达10.5％,比桂牧1号杂交象草提高11.7％,氨基酸含量达7.89％；2010年通过审定登记为国家牧草品种. 相似文献
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长穗偃麦草是一种耐盐碱、耐旱、耐涝的多年生冷季型牧草，已在美国、加拿大、澳大利亚等国大面积种植。自1954年起，作为小麦遗传改良的重要资源，在我国长期被用作小麦远缘杂交的亲本。尽管1980-1990年代我国曾引进长穗偃麦草用于防风固沙和牧草生产，但鲜有大面积种植的报道。全世界已审定推广了10个以上的长穗偃麦草品种，而我国目前还没有自主选育的长穗偃麦草品种。2012年起中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所李振声组先后在北京、曹妃甸、南皮、海兴、东营等地进行多年多点种植试验，再次证实其耐盐碱高产特性。于是，2020年1月李振声提出了利用环渤海盐碱荒地种植耐盐碱牧草（如长穗偃麦草）建立“滨海草带”的设想。为此，需建立适合长穗偃麦草大面积种植的栽培技术、选育耐盐高产新品种。本研究综述了国内外有关长穗偃麦草耐盐碱、耐涝、耐旱等特点及牧草品质、品种选育、栽培技术与长穗偃麦草“滨海草带”方面的研究进展，以期为长穗偃麦草研究利用与示范推广提供参考。 相似文献
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高寒山区旱作条件下细茎冰草生产性能测定 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
通过3年的测定结果表明,细茎冰草Agropyron trachycaulum cv.Slender在青海东部农业区的高寒山区旱作条件下,可以安全越冬,越冬率为86%～90%,第2和3年的平均干草产量分别为3 856.6,5 386.7 kg/hm2,籽实产量分别为897,1 150 kg/hm2,生育期133～140 d,属中、晚熟多年生优良禾本科牧草品种,适合在海拔为2 750 m左右的旱作条件下种植,具有良好的推广前景. 相似文献
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Stable bunchgrass populations are essential to resilience and restoration of sagebrush steppe rangelands, yet few studies have assessed long-term variation in plant abundance from a known starting point. We capitalized on a previous paddock study by reestablishing in 2011 nine replicate blocks consisting of 29 × 29 grid of cells, each planted in 1998 with a single individual of one of eight sagebrush steppe bunchgrasses, including the widely planted exotic, crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum). Plant species and numbers were determined in 2011 for each cell, which were classified as holds or cedes, with ceded cells used to determine species-specific gains. We hypothesized the competitive crested wheatgrass would proportionally occur more in gained cells compared with native grasses. While crested wheatgrass did proportionally hold and gain the greatest number of cells, the relative number of plants within holds and gains was constant across all species, with most plants (80 ? 87%) occurring outside cells originally planted with them. Crested wheatgrass had greater proportions of holds and gains where it was the only species within the cell and showed even presence across all cells planted with other grass species in 1998. Native grasses were underrepresented in 1998 crested wheatgrass cells and sometimes overrepresented in other native species cells. The ratio of total crested wheatgrass to native bunchgrass plants followed a sigmoidal step increase with increasing crested wheatgrass density. These results show population changes in sagebrush steppe bunchgrasses are determined by seed production and emergent seedling survival, both of which are stronger in the exotic bunchgrass. This study also showed that native grasses can maintain presence via seed in areas depending on crested wheatgrass density. This information could help shape management strategies capitalizing on the utility of crested wheatgrass and sustaining desirable levels of native grass productivity and diversity. 相似文献
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《Strength and Conditioning Journal》2020,73(1):9-18
Crested wheatgrass, an introduced perennial bunchgrass, has been seeded extensively on the rangelands of western North America. There is a perception that this species is very competitive and that it forms monoculture or low diversity stands where successfully seeded. However, there is limited information on species composition in sites previously seeded to crested wheatgrass. We measured native vegetation and environmental characteristics in areas seeded with crested wheatgrass across the northwestern Great Basin. Plant community composition within these crested wheatgrass stands was variable, from seedings that were near monocultures of crested wheatgrass to those that contained more diverse assemblages of native vegetation, especially shrubs. Environmental factors explained a range of functional group variability from 0% of annual grass density to 56% of large native bunchgrass density. Soil texture appeared to be an important environmental characteristic in explaining vegetation cover and density. Native vegetation was, for all functional groups, positively correlated with soils lower in sand content. Our results suggest environmental differences explain some of the variability of native vegetation in crested wheatgrass stands, and this information will be useful in assessing the potential for native vegetation to co-occupy sites seeded with crested wheatgrass. This research also suggests that crested wheatgrass seedings do not always remain in near monoculture vegetation states as seedings substantially varied in native vegetation composition and abundance with some seeded areas having a more diverse assemblage of native vegetation. In half the sites, there were five or more perennial herbaceous species and 63% of sites contained Wyoming big sagebrush. Although not exclusively true, species most commonly encountered in crested wheatgrass seedings are those that are able to minimize competition with crested wheatgrass via temporal (i.e., Sandberg bluegrass, annual forbs, annual grasses) or spatial (i.e., shrubs) differentiation in resource use. 相似文献
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畜牧业是陕西省现代农业发展最大的短板,栽培牧草区划对解决优质饲草短缺和推动陕西草牧业发展具有十分重要的战略性指导意义。基于地理信息系统(Geographic Information System, GIS)空间分析法、模糊数学和层次分析法,结合陕西省地形数据、主要气象数据和土壤性状指标等,利用年降水量、年均温、土壤pH、地形地貌、坡度5个影响牧草生长的主要指标,对陕西省栽培牧草进行系统梳理,构建了模块功能全、适应性强的栽培牧草适宜性区划模型。以紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)、红豆草(Onobrychis viciaefolia)、多年生黑麦草(Loliumperenne)、冰草(Agropyron cristatum) 4种主要栽培牧草为例进行了模型分析,同时以冰草为例进行验证,结果表明此区划模型具有很好的可行性,可对牧草新品种引进、优质牧草生产提供科学预判和决策,也为陕西省数字草业的发展奠定了基础。 相似文献
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针对蓝茎冰草(Agropyron smithii)种子生产中因倒伏、收获期等原因造成种子质量偏低的问题,在甘肃省酒泉地区,以种植3年的蓝茎冰草为试验材料,通过喷施多效唑处理,研究种子质量的变化。结果表明,三叶期喷施多效唑(PP333)降低了蓝茎冰草种子发育后期含水量的下降速度,种子含水量从45%下降到35%对应的天数由对照的3 d提升到6~9 d,这使得种子成熟趋于一致,有效地减少了落粒损失。当PP333喷施量为2.40 kg·hm-2时,蓝茎冰草在盛花期后第42天适宜收获,此时种子干重和标准发芽率均具有最大值。 相似文献
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Kevin B. Jensen Ivan W. Mott Joseph G. Robins Blair L. Waldron Mark Nelson 《Strength and Conditioning Journal》2012,65(1):76-84
With the increased emphasis on using native plant materials in range revegetation programs in the western United States it is critical to identify genetically similar groups and develop native grasses that are competitive with invasive weeds, easy to establish, and persistent, and that produce high seed yield. A grass that shows appreciable drought tolerance on arid rangelands is Snake River wheatgrass (Elymus wawawaiensis J. Carlson & Barkworth). This study was designed to estimate genetic relationships and underlying genetic components for seed and forage trait improvement between plant introductions (PIs) of Snake River wheatgrass, 28 half-sib Snake River wheatgrass families (HSFs), and cultivars Secar and Discovery at Nephi, Utah, between 2005 and 2006. Based on molecular genetic diversity data in Snake River wheatgrass, with the exception of the PIs originating from Enterprise, Oregon, all other collections and cultivars are not genetically different and represent a common gene pool from which to develop improved Snake River wheatgrass germplasm. Selection in Snake River wheatgrass for total seed yield (g · plot-1), 100-seed weight (g), and seedling emergence from a deep planting depth had a positive effect. Further increases through selection and genetic introgression from hybridization with PIs will likely increase seed yield and 100-seed weight, but will not increase seedling emergence. Increases in dry matter yield (DMY) were observed after two cycles of selection in the HSFs compared to the PIs. There remains considerable genetic and phenotypic variation to further increase DMY in Snake River wheatgrass through selection and hybridization. Trends in forage nutritional quality were not observed after two cycles of selection in the HSFs or the PIs and will not likely result in improvement. Through recurrent selection, populations of Snake River wheatgrass have been and can be developed to more effectively establish and compete on annual weed–infested rangelands. 相似文献
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14个多年生牧草品种在川西北高寒牧区适应性研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用田间小区方法,以2014~2017年在四川省甘孜州道孚县乾宁种畜场对早熟禾(Poa pratensis)、多年生黑麦草(Lolium perenne)、雀麦(Bromus inermis)、猫尾草(Phleum pratense)、细茎冰草(Agropyron trachycaulum)、扁穗冰草(Agropyron cristatum)和紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)共14个品种同期播种,连续4年进行田间观察和产草量测定。结果表明:在川西北地区种植的14个牧草品种细茎冰草因越冬率低,不适应当地环境,在2016年低全部死亡,其余13个草品种都可安全越冬,正常生长,但不同品种产草量差异显著或极显著。从产量总趋势分析,诺言猫尾草、乌苏1号无芒雀麦、热销多年生黑麦草、新速Ⅱ多年生黑麦草、三得利紫花苜蓿等5个品种产量较高,值得在本区生产上应用推广。 相似文献
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为选择适合石羊河流域干旱地区种植的牧草,对9个多年生禾本科牧草进行了物候期、产草量和适应性研究。结果表明：老芒麦、肥披碱草、垂穗披碱草、冰草和西伯利亚冰草在产草量和适应性方面表现较好,适宜在该地区推广种植,可以作为退耕还草、建立人工草地的优质牧草。 相似文献