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1.
Ballero M Loi MC van Rozendaal EL van Beek TA van de Haar C Poli F Appendino G 《Fitoterapia》2003,74(1-2):34-39
Needles from a series of wild yews (Taxus baccata L.) from Sardinia were investigated for their contents of 10-deacetyl baccatin III (DAB-III, 1), paclitaxel (Taxol) (2) and taxine (3). Despite a common geographical origin, ample variation of the taxoid profile was discovered, and several samples were surprisingly devoid of all terpenoid markers above. This finding is unprecedented within the European yew, while the general lack of taxine might rationalize the observation that most plants investigated are actively and impunently browsed by goats. 相似文献
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《Fitoterapia》2013
Four paclitaxel derivatives were afforded by preparative HPLC separation of two pairs of diastereoisomers, which were obtained by catalytic hydrogenation and epoxidation of the C-13 side-chain double bond of cephalomannine, a naturally occurring paclitaxel analog. The four paclitaxel derivatives were analyzed using NMR, CD spectroscopy, and side-chain hydrolysis in order to measure their optical rotations and GC characteristics. In this way, the stereoconfigurations of the products were determined. Evaluation of the compounds' activity indicated that they had differing cytotoxic activities: compound 5 had superior activity in BCG-823 tumor cells compared to paclitaxel, while compound 7 had superior activity in HCT-8 and A549 tumor cells compared to paclitaxel. These results indicate that the stereoconfiguration of the paclitaxel N-acyl side chain has a significant impact on its activity. 相似文献
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黄森 《内蒙古林业调查设计》2011,34(2):27-28
东北红豆杉,又名紫杉,是第三纪孑遗的珍贵树种。红豆杉资源的保存和种苗的快速繁育,是解决紫杉醇用材林的基础,大面积营造红豆杉人工林是解决紫杉醇原料的关键。用红豆杉种子繁殖苗木时,要注意种子的储存方式,要沙种混藏或控温处理,这对越冬后出芽和打破休眠习性,具有很好的效果。播种前要搓伤种皮、温水浸种、药剂素处理。 相似文献
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不同经营方式下杨树人工林叶面积分布与动态研究 总被引：20，自引：0，他引：20
本文对集约经营与粗放经营杨树人工林分的叶面积垂直分布及其片节动态变化进行了对比研究，结果表明：集约经营林木叶面积的数值明显大于粗放经营林木的叶面积数值，林木个体间叶面积差异显著且与林木个体的胸径大小成正比。整个生长季节内，集约经营林木冠层叶面积数值较大，林分生长季节较长；而粗放经营林木叶面积相对较小，生长季较短。叶面积较大，生长季较长是导致集约经营林分生产力较高的主要原因之一，通过研究，建立了生长季不同时期内，集约经营与粗放经营林木累积叶面积指数垂直分布的拟合模型，可用于对叶面积的估算。该研究为进一步探讨杨树人工林冠层光分布、计算冠层光合产产量奠定了基础，为我国杨树人工林的速生、丰产提供了科学依据。 相似文献
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本研究采用由热扩散植物液流技术测算得到的时间步长10 min的樟子松蒸腾速率数据,结合同步观测得到的冠层微气象要素值,分析了毛乌素沙区20年生樟子松主要生长季节蒸腾耗水规律及其冠层微气象的关系.结果表明:(1)樟子松蒸腾速率具有明显的时间变化特征.多云天气日,蒸腾速率日内变化总体呈多峰曲线趋势,单株蒸腾速率(Tr)在4-9月各月白天(6:00-19:00)的平均值为0.36～0.85 L·h-1;晴天日,除9月蒸腾速率日内变化呈多峰曲线趋势外,其余各月总体趋势呈单峰曲线,9月时Tr在10:00左右、13:00左右、15:00左右出现峰值,在14:00左右出现谷值.4-8月各月日内Tr在10:00左右出现峰值.4-9月各月Tr白天平均值为0.37～0.83 L·h-1;阴天天气日,蒸腾速率日内变化总体呈单峰曲线趋势,日内Tr最大值出现在10:00左右.4-9月各月Tr白天(6:00-19:00)平均值为0.29～0.63 L·h-1.在日际变化或季节变化方面,从4月份起,樟子松蒸腾耗水量逐渐增加,月耗水量在7月达到最高值,此后有所减小.4-9月总耗水量为1 143.7 mm,日平均为6.25 mm,7月份月耗水总量相对最大.4、5、6、7、8及9月耗水量分别占主要生长季节总量的10.76%、13.62%、14.05%、24.56%、19.47%、17.52%.(2)主要生长期内,Tr与冠层太阳总辐射(Ra),空气温度(Ta)、湿度(RH),风速(V)等气象要素有很好的复相关性,并通过显著性检验(a=0.01),且各月内影响樟子松蒸腾的最主要气象因子都是Ra. 相似文献
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不同光强对曼地亚红豆杉生长及生理代谢的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
分析了不同光强对曼地亚红豆杉生长及生理代谢的影响,结果表明,适当的遮阴能够促进曼地亚红豆杉的生长,以透光率70%最佳,过高或过低都会对其产生抑制作用。初级代谢产物的增加是促进曼地亚红豆杉生长的原因,生长与初级代谢产物的变化趋势一致,透光率为70%时,初级代谢产物的积累达到最大。过低的光照强度会明显抑制紫杉醇的积累。因此,70%透光率是曼地亚红豆杉在重庆区低海拔地区种植的最适光环境。 相似文献
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Soil temperature is a main factor limiting root growth in the boreal forest. To simulate the possible soil-warming effect of future climate change, 5-year-old Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) seedlings were subjected to three simulated growing seasons in controlled environment rooms. The seedlings were acclimated to a soil temperature of 16 degrees C during the first (GS I) and third growing seasons (GS III), but were assigned to random soil-temperature treatments of 9, 13, 18 and 21 degrees C during the second growing season (GS II). In GS II, shoot diameter growth was lowest in the 21 degrees C treatment and root growth was lowest in the 9 degrees C treatment. In GS III, shoot height and root length growth improved in seedlings that had been kept at 9 degrees C during GS II, indicating compensatory growth in response to increased soil temperature. The temporary decrease in soil temperature had no long-lasting significant effect on seedling biomass or total nutrient uptake. At the end of GS III, fine roots of seedlings exposed to a soil temperature of 21 degrees C in GS II were distributed more evenly between the organic and mineral soil layers than roots of seedlings in the other treatments. During GS II and GS III, root growth started earlier than shoot growth, decreased during the rapid shoot elongation phase and increased again as shoot growth decreased. 相似文献
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We compared shoot and needle morphology and photosynthesis in Picea glehnii (Friedr. Schmidt) M.T. Mast. and Picea jezoensis (Sieb. et Zucc.) Carr. trees planted on immature volcanic ash and well-developed brown forest soils to investigate whether species differences in morphological and physiological plasticity affected tree growth on different soil types. Height growth of P. glehnii was reduced by about 10% on volcanic ash compared with forest soil, whereas that of P. jezoensis was reduced by more than 60%. Needle morphology of P. glehnii was unaffected by soil type. In contrast, needles of P. jezoensis trees growing on volcanic ash were shorter, narrower and thicker, with less dry mass and area, than those of trees growing on forest soil, and specific needle area was lower, indicating lower foliar light-interception efficiency. In both species, changes in needle morphology with increasing irradiance were similar in trees growing on both soil types, indicating that plasticity of needle morphology was unaffected by soil type. In both species, shoot mass and shoot silhouette area were lower and needle mass per unit shoot mass was higher in trees growing on volcanic ash than in trees growing on forest soil. Trees of both species had more needles per unit shoot length, lower shoot silhouette to projected needle area ratios and lower shoot silhouette areas per unit shoot mass (SAM) on volcanic ash than on forest soil, indicating lower shoot-level light-interception efficiency. For P. glehnii, the response of shoot morphology to increasing irradiance was similar on both soil types, with the exception of SAM, which showed lower plasticity in trees growing on volcanic ash. In contrast, shoot-level morphological plasticity of P. jezoensis was reduced in trees growing on volcanic ash. Light-saturated maximum photosynthetic rate (P(max)) of P. glehnii was unaffected by soil type, whereas mass-based P(max) of P. jezoensis was lower in trees growing on volcanic ash than in trees growing on forest soil. In P. jezoensis trees growing on forest soil, area-based P(max) increased with increasing irradiance, but this response was not observed in trees growing on volcanic ash. As a result, area-based P(max) at the top of the canopy was 39 to 54% lower in trees growing on volcanic ash than in trees growing on forest soil. Our results indicate that constraints on morphological acclimation to high irradiances may contribute to reduced height growth of P. jezoensis on volcanic ash. 相似文献
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中国石柱参生长特征研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
通过对中国石柱参生长的生态环境、采用的品种类型以及独特的栽培方式等特点进行综合分析，认为中国石柱参是在特有的生态环境条件下，采用特有的品种类型以及近于园参又不完全同于园参的栽培方式，经10a以上培育的具有野生人参基本形体特征和相应价值的高档次商品人参。同时，通过对12a以下各龄参生长特征的调查表明，石柱参生长缓慢，茎高、叶面积都较小，叶片瘦长，6－12年生叶形态基本上都为3枚和4枚掌状复叶，根部生长缓慢，芦头生长较快，12年已基本形成了山参的形体特征。 相似文献
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根据森林资源清查资料,总结铜仁地区30多年来森林面积、蓄积、结构的动态变化,分析近年来铜仁地区森林质量及其区域差异.结果表明:上世纪70年代至80年代中期,林业用地面积和蓄积均呈下降趋势,随后林业用地面积和有林地面积明显增加,林木蓄积和森林覆盖率上升;自2005年以来.通过国家重点林业工程项目的实施,全区森林面积和蓄积... 相似文献
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《Fitoterapia》2013
Taxus yunnanensis (T. yunnanensis) is endemic to China and has been used in traditional medicine for the treatment of cancer, diabetic ailments and others. Paclitaxel is a representative antitumor compound in the Taxus species. The pharmacokinetic behavior of paclitaxel after oral administration of the crude extract of T. yunnanensis has not been investigated. This study attempts to compare the pharmacokinetics of paclitaxel after an oral administration of the crude extract of the twigs and leaves of T. yunnanensis and pure paclitaxel. A UPLC and a UPLC/MS/MS analysis method were developed for the determination of paclitaxel in T. yunnanensis extract and in the comparative pharmacokinetic study. Caco-2 cells were used to investigate the transport profile of paclitaxel in vitro. In the pharmacokinetic study, rats were randomly grouped and administered with T. yunnanensis extract or pure paclitaxel. The results showed that the AUC and Cmax of paclitaxel in rats receiving the T. yunnanensis extract were significantly increased than those receiving the pure paclitaxel, and the in vitro Caco-2 cell monolayer transport study found that the coexisting constituents in the extract of T. yunnanensis could inhibit the efflux of paclitaxel. These findings suggested that the oral absorption and bioavailability of paclitaxel in T. yunnanensis extract were remarkably higher when compared with the pure paclitaxel, and the coexisting constituents in the T. yunnanensis extract might play an important role for the enhancement of the oral absorption and bioavailability of paclitaxel. 相似文献
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在我国林业发生战略性转变的新的发展环境下，针对湖南地区大面积人工速生工业原料林高效利用的热点问题，本文就木材工业生产节能、环境保护及市场开拓等问题进行调研，其目的是加快人工速生林利用，推进林业产业的快速发展。 相似文献
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长白山林区天然次生林胡桃楸的适宜生长空间 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用次生林主林层胡桃楸34株平均木(胸径为11.0～39.1 cm)的树干解析数据,结合反映植物生长空间的冠幅,进行5,10和15年抚育间隔期的单株材积定期生长量、林分蓄积增长量与生长空间关系的研究,建立不同抚育间隔期胡桃楸胸径与适宜生长空间关系的模型;利用林冠下层27株胡桃楸平均木(胸径为4.6～14.3 cm)的树干解析数据,评价适宜生长空间模型应用于被压状态胡桃楸时的生长促进效果.结果表明:1)3参数S型曲线模型和二项式模型分别能够很好反映胡桃楸前5,10和15年间单株材积定期生长量、林分蓄积增长量与冠幅的关系;2)不同抚育间隔期胡桃楸胸径与适宜生长空间关系的模型为幂函数模型(y=a×x~b);3)对数函数模型(y=a×ln(x)+b)能显著反映适宜生长空间下胸径与材积定期生长量的关系;4)适宜生长空间下胡桃楸5,10和15年材积定期生长量至少比生长空间受限条件下的林木提高97.8%,114.4%和128.5%.采用5,10,15年抚育间隔期时,不同胸径胡桃楸的适宜生长空间分别是相应胸径的0.256 6～0.368 7,0.344 1～0.447 1和0.449 1～0.504 6倍. 相似文献
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建国以来,每10年森林覆盖率增加 1%,20世纪的最后10年预期将再扩大森林覆盖率4%。作者认为"外延扩大再生产"的林业发展道路可能潜伏着林业生产力愈来愈低的危险,并通过对比和国外趋势证明,发展战略选择必须集思广益。 相似文献
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以 5 a 生同一无性系红豆杉 Taxus chinensis 原料林作为研究对象,在常规根系施肥的基础上,以提高红豆杉枝叶生物量为目的,开展叶面施肥试验,研究施用叶面肥种类及频数对红豆杉原料林枝叶生长和枝叶中产物累积的影响。结果表明：不同叶面肥处理对红豆杉枝条生长均具有促进作用。方差分析表明不同叶面肥处理的红豆杉分枝数量和枝条总长度具有显著差异,各处理对分枝数量和枝条总长度的促进作用大小依序均为：A2>A3>B3>A1>CK。相关性分析表明枝条总长度与主枝长度、分枝数量均具有极显著的线性正相关关系,增加主枝长度和增加分枝数量均能增加枝条总长度,即提高红豆杉枝叶产量。含量检测结果显示开展叶面施肥处理不会对红豆杉 10-DAB Ⅲ、紫杉醇量产生显著影响。 相似文献
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Shujie Wang Chun Li Hujun Wang Xiangmei Zhong Jing Zhao Yueying Tong Yajun Zhou 《林业研究》2016,27(6):1257-1263
In this study, using Taxus cuspidata as a raw material, we obtained stable high-yielding cell lines by subculturing and quantified paclitaxel content using ultrasonic extraction combined with TLC–UV spectrophotometry. In single factor and multiple factors tests to optimize design and study the effects of elicitors, precursors, and metabolic inhibitors on paclitaxel production by Taxus cuspidata cells, paclitaxel production reached 4.32 mg/L when 100 μmol/L methyl jasmonate, 20 mg/L salicylic acid, 400 mg/L phenylalanine and 2 mg/L gibberellin (GA3) were added to the culture medium of suspension cells. When adding metabolic adjustment factors on the 7th day of culture, extra- and intracellular paclitaxel production was the highest at 4.855 mg/L, paclitaxel release rate was 10.48 %, fresh mass and paclitaxel production of cell increased, respectively, by 6.08 and 11.57 %. By controlling the anabolism of paclitaxel, paclitaxel yield was significantly improved. 相似文献
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提高林地生产率的措施探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
林地生产率是指乔木林单位面积蓄积量,是反映林地生产潜力的重要指标。现对湖南省林地生产率现状作出阐述,分析其存在的问题,提出提高林地生产率的措施。 相似文献
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Larch tree species (Larix Mill.) are both ecologically and commercially valuable in their native range and are the focus of many restoration, afforestation, and commercial reforestation efforts in the boreal forests of the northern hemisphere. Land use change, shifting climate, and poor natural regeneration are making it increasingly difficult to establish the species; therefore, artificial regeneration is critical to ensure this timber species maintains its productive role on the landscape. New stocktypes are continually being developed to aid target seedlings for difficult sites, and critical, non-confounding evaluations of them are needed for target seedling development. This research evaluates the effect of container parameters on potential target seedlings. It examines tolerance thresholds of western larch (Larix occidentalis Nutt.) with respect to moisture and temperature status in the rhizosphere during early establishment. A suite of morphological measurements was used to assess seedling quality and relative performance following transplant. Modifying a commercially available container developed four distinct stocktypes of 111, 143, 175 and 207 ml that were paired with a volume-dependent nutrient regime at two culturing densities. Seedling phenotype was affected to a greater extent by container density than by container volume. Despite changes to container volume, root:shoot were found to be similar, indicating benefits of a tailored nutrient regime during nursery culture. Simulated field trials revealed that a low density growing arrangement improved post-transplant seedling growth, specifically root growth. Also, the 207 ml container facilitated greater growth in dry soil conditions compared to smaller containers. Lower (10 °C) rhizosphere temperature hindered root growth; however, seedling survival was 100 %, warranting the testing of earlier outplanting windows for this species. This evaluation of stocktype performance contributes to a greater body of work with this species and its congeners, which will ultimately benefit reforestation and afforestation efforts alike. 相似文献