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微波辐射凝固天然橡胶的工艺与性能研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用透射电镜(TEM)对微波辐射凝固天然橡胶的凝固过程进行观察,并对微波凝固天然橡胶的凝固条件进行研究。将微波凝固天然橡胶(m-NR)与酸凝固天然橡胶(a-NR)和热凝固天然橡胶(t-NR)的理化性能、机械性能、动态力学性能进行对比研究。结果表明,氨含量对m-NR的凝固效果有很大影响;与a-NR和t-NR相比,m-NR的机械性能较好;理化性能中,m-NR各项指标都能达到5#NR的标准;通过橡胶加工分析仪(RPA)温度扫描NR的混炼胶表明,m-NR的弹性模量(G′)最大,损耗因子(tanδ)最小。 相似文献
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采用MgCl2与胶清中的氨原位生成Mg(OH)2辅以微波辐射凝固胶清橡胶,通过扫描电镜观察Mg(OH)2在橡胶中的分布情况并研究不同Mg(OH)2含量对胶清橡胶硫化性能、物理机械性能及热稳定性的影响。结果表明:原位生成Mg(OH)2的同时能较好地凝固胶清橡胶,Mg(OH)2对橡胶的硫化有较明显的影响,随Mg(OH)2含量增大,胶清橡胶的力学性能呈下降趋势,但热稳定性略有增加。当Mg(OH)2含量不高于5%时,Mg(OH)2的粒径在20 nm左右,在橡胶基体中分散比较均匀;当Mg(OH)2含量大于10%时,Mg(OH)2粒径变大,团聚情况变严重,在橡胶中的分散不均匀。 相似文献
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采用化学浸泡的方法,研究草酸及其不同用量对胶清橡胶6项指标、颜色、分子量及力学性能的影响。结果表明,与对照样相比,经过草酸处理的胶清橡胶,随着草酸用量的增加,其杂质含量变化不大,挥发物逐渐减小,灰分含量增大,塑性初值(P_0)及塑性保持率(PRI)提高;经过草酸处理后的胶清橡胶的颜色得到了明显改善;胶清橡胶的数均分子量(M_n)与重均分子量(M_w)逐渐减小,多分散系数(M_w/M_n)值增大;经过草酸处理的胶清橡胶的力学性能都有所提高,当草酸用量为2%时,其拉伸强度达到最高值27.08 MPa,且经过草酸处理的胶清橡胶耐老化性能均得到提高。 相似文献
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胶乳的凝固和干燥是天然生胶生产的重要环节。在不同凝固方式（酸凝固、微波凝固、自然凝固、微生物凝固）、不同干燥方式（自然风干、热风干燥）等不同工艺下研究了天然橡胶（NR）的理化性能及其臭氧老化前后物理机械性能,发现微生物凝固胶在相同臭氧老化条件下其拉伸强度最高,且变化率最低。采用臭氧老化研究的结果表明：微生物凝固胶（m-NR）硫化胶在静态拉伸状态下臭氧龟裂达到16 h。热重分析探讨了不同工艺NR硫化胶热老化过程,并采用衰减全反射傅立叶红外光谱（FTIR-ATR）技术初步探讨了臭氧对微生物凝固胶的老化作用。 相似文献
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天然橡胶（NR）的性能与制胶工艺密切相关,其中凝固是制胶工艺的重要环节。本文采用真空辅助酸凝固天然橡胶,对比自然凝固天然橡胶和酸凝固天然橡胶,探讨了真空辅助酸凝固对天然橡胶门尼粘度、理化性能、物理机械性能以及加工性能的影响。研究表明,不同凝固方法得到的NR理化性能有一定的差异,自然凝固NR的氮含量>真空辅助酸凝固NR的氮含量>酸凝固NR的氮含量,真空辅助酸凝固NR的塑性初值（P0）和塑性保持率（PRI）比自然凝固和酸凝固NR的P0和PRI都高,其中真空辅助酸凝固NR的PRI为85%,而酸凝固NR的PRI为75.7%。真空辅助酸凝固NR的交联密度高于自然凝固NR和酸凝固NR。真空辅助酸凝固NR的拉伸强度、拉断伸长率均高于自然凝固NR和酸凝固NR的拉伸强度、拉断伸长率,3种NR的拉伸强度分别为21.06、19.35、17.60 MPa。RPA测试表明,真空辅助酸凝固NR的弹性模量（G'）<自然凝固NR的G'<酸凝固NR的G',损耗因子（tanδ）变化趋势恰好相反,即真空辅助酸凝固得到的胶样的加工性能最好,自然凝固胶样次之,酸凝固胶样最差。 相似文献
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采用红外光谱(FTIR)分析了微波辐射凝固天然橡胶(NR-m)的结构。采用热分析(TA)法研究了NR-m、酸凝固天然橡胶(NR-a)和自然微生物凝固天然橡胶(NR-n)3种硫化胶在空气气氛中的热氧降解行为;TG和DTG分析结果显示：3种硫化胶的热氧降解均为两步反应,由T0.05判断NR-m硫化胶的热氧稳定性介于NR-a硫化胶和NR-n硫化胶之间;通过Achar法和Coats-Redfem法求得,3种硫化胶热氧降解的微分式机理函数为f(α)=1/2·α-1、积分式机理函数为g(α)＝α2,属于一维扩散机理,NR-m硫化胶的热氧降解平均活化能为145.9～152.3 kJ/mol。 相似文献
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Joseph E. Laferriere Charles W. Weber Edwin A. Kohlhepp 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1991,41(3):277-282
Teas of plant origin traditionally consumed by the Mountain Pima of Chihuahua, Mexico, were analyzed for mineral nutritional content. Fe, Cu, Zn, Ca, and Mg composition was determined for native teas made from shoots ofTagetes lucida, T. filifolia, Elytraria imbricata, andHolodiscus dumosus, and from root xylem ofCeanothus depressus andPhaseolus ritensis. Native uses of these teas are also described. 相似文献
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Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
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《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
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Tatiana G. Polotow Sandra C. Poppe Cristina V. Vardaris Douglas Ganini Maísa Guariroba Rita Mattei Elaine Hatanaka Maria F. Martins Eduardo F. Bondan Marcelo P. Barros 《Marine drugs》2015,13(10):6117-6137
Health authorities worldwide have consistently recommended the regular consumption of marine fishes and seafood to preserve memory, sustain cognitive functions, and prevent neurodegenerative processes in humans. Shrimp, crabs, lobster, and salmon are of particular interest in the human diet due to their substantial provision of omega-3 fatty acids (n-3/PUFAs) and the antioxidant carotenoid astaxanthin (ASTA). However, the optimal ratio between these nutraceuticals in natural sources is apparently the key factor for maximum protection against most neuro-motor disorders. Therefore, we aimed here to investigate the effects of a long-term supplementation with (n-3)/PUFAs-rich fish oil, ASTA-rich algal biomass, the combination of them, or krill oil (a natural combination of both nutrients) on baseline redox balance and neuro-inflammation indexes in cerebellum and motor cortex of Wistar rats. Significant changes in redox metabolism were only observed upon ASTA supplementation, which reinforce its antioxidant properties with a putative mitochondrial-centered action in rat brain. Krill oil imposed mild astrocyte activation in motor cortex of Wistar rats, although no redox or inflammatory index was concomitantly altered. In summary, there is no experimental evidence that krill oil, fish oil, oralgal biomass (minor variation), drastically change the baseline oxidative conditions or the neuro-inflammatory scenario in neuromotor-associated rat brain regions. 相似文献
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Youna Hemery Ulla Holopainen Anna-Maija Lampi Pekka Lehtinen Tanja Nurmi Vieno Piironen Minnamari Edelmann Xavier Rouau 《Journal of Cereal Science》2011
Wheat bran is a composite material made of several layers, such as pericarp, testa and aleurone. It could be fractionated into purified fractions, which might either be used as food ingredients, or serve as a starting material for extraction of bioactive compounds. The aim of this work was to evaluate the potential of using electrostatic separation as a way to obtain purified fractions from wheat bran. Ultrafine-ground bran obtained either by cryogenic grinding or by grinding at ambient temperature was used as starting material. The ultrafine bran was then charged by tribo-electrification and introduced in a chamber containing two high voltage electrodes, where bran particles were separated depending on their acquired charge, allowing positively and negatively charged fractions to be collected separately. The particle size distribution, microstructure and biochemical composition of the obtained fractions were studied. The charge of the particles was influenced by their biochemical composition: particles rich in highly branched and cross-linked arabinoxylans (pericarp) were separated from particles rich in β-glucan, ferulic acid and para-coumaric acid (aleurone cell walls). The testa and the intracellular compounds from aleurone were not highly charged, neither positively nor negatively. The most positively charged fraction represented 34% of the initial bran, and contained 62% of the ferulic acid present in the initial bran. The yield of the separation process was good (5.4% loss), and could be further increased. 相似文献
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Alexander N. Shikov Elena V. Flisyuk Ekaterina D. Obluchinskaya Olga N. Pozharitskaya 《Marine drugs》2020,18(11)
Marine organisms represent an excellent source of innovative compounds that have the potential for the development of new drugs. The pharmacokinetics of marine drugs has attracted increasing interest in recent decades due to its effective and potential contribution to the selection of rational dosage recommendations and the optimal use of the therapeutic arsenal. In general, pharmacokinetics studies how drugs change after administration via the processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME). This review provides a summary of the pharmacokinetics studies of marine-derived active compounds, with a particular focus on their ADME. The pharmacokinetics of compounds derived from algae, crustaceans, sea cucumber, fungus, sea urchins, sponges, mollusks, tunicate, and bryozoan is discussed, and the pharmacokinetics data in human experiments are analyzed. In-depth characterization using pharmacokinetics is useful for obtaining information for understanding the molecular basis of pharmacological activity, for correct doses and treatment schemes selection, and for more effective drug application. Thus, an increase in pharmacokinetic research on marine-derived compounds is expected in the near future. 相似文献
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M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
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Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献