共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Ming-Hsuan Chen Christine J. Bergman Shannon R.M. Pinson Robert G. Fjellstrom 《Journal of Cereal Science》2008,48(3):781-788
Associations between RVA pasting properties and three single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) sites in the Waxy gene intron 1, exon 6, and exon 10 were determined using rice genotypes of diverse geographic origin. A total of four SNP-haplotypes (combination of SNP alleles) were identified that explained high proportions of the variation in RVA pasting properties (R2 = 0.574–0.704). A haplotype containing DNA sequence variation in exon 10 (exon 10 cytosine nucleotide) was exclusively found in high-apparent amylose content (AAC) genotypes with a higher RVA viscosity profile compared to the high AAC genotypes with a different haplotype. The exon 10 SNP explained variances in coolpaste and setback (coolpaste–hotpaste) to 0.642 and 0.499, respectively. Across three haplotypes, which contained exon 10 adenine nucleotide, AAC was correlated with peak, hotpaste, breakdown and setback (coolpaste–hotpaste) at r = −0.85, −0.75, −0.79, and 0.49, respectively. Therefore, the exon 10 SNP differentiates high AAC types with a strong RVA profile and thus can be used by molecular breeding programs focused on quality improvement. Additionally, characterizing genotypes by their functional SNPs allowed us to better understand the relationship between the Waxy gene, its chemical product (i.e., AAC) and the functionality created by the product (i.e., pasting properties). 相似文献
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Apparent amylose content is a key element for characterizing a rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivar for cooking quality. However, cultivars with similar apparent amylose content can have widely varying quality attributes, including major parameters of flour paste viscosity. It has been postulated that the presence of a rice Waxy gene single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) marker is associated with elevated Rapid Visco Analyser (RVA) properties in specific high amylose rice cultivars. A mapping population derived from a cross between two varieties, Cocodrie and Dixiebelle, having similar high apparent amylose contents, but with different paste viscosity properties and Waxy gene markers was analyzed for the genetic segregation of various pasting properties, measured with RVA instrumentation. Marker inheritance analyses revealed that the Waxy exon 10 SNP marker was associated with the proportion of soluble to insoluble apparent amylose and most RVA pasting measurements. Waxy gene markers can be used to efficiently improve the selection of rice with desirable characteristics, particularly for superior parboiling and canning quality. 相似文献
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The Waxy (Wx) gene is responsible for the synthesis of amylose, a key determinant of the cooking and processing qualities of rice. Polymorphisms of CT-microsatellite and G–T single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the Wx gene and their relationship to amylose content (Ac) were explored using 178 non-waxy rice genotypes. Nine Wx microsatellite alleles, namely (CT)10 and 11, and (CT)14–20 were identified and 11 haplotypes were recognised by different combinations of CT-microsatellite and G–T SNP. Amylose content analysed in a random set of 39 genotypes was correlated with different microsatellite alleles/haplotypes. The highest Ac levels (>30%) correlated with (CT)10 and 16, high (26–30%) with (CT)11, 15 and 20, and intermediate (21–25%) with (CT)14, in all cases with G at the G–T SNP. The CT-classes (CT)17 and 18 (mean Ac value of 21%), could be subdivided into low amylose haplotypes (16–20%) for 17T and 18T and intermediate amylose haplotypes (21–25%) for 17G and 18G. The use of haplotypes proved to discriminate between intermediate and low amylose accessions within the same microsatellite class. Analyses of a segregating population of a cross between low and high Ac parents showed that CT-microsatellite may help to classify breeding lines and identify pollen contamination. We suggest that CT-microsatellite together with G–T SNP may be used as molecular marker by breeders to develop varieties with desired amylose levels. 相似文献
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Yan Lu Peng Xiao Yafang Shao Gan Zhang Thanwanit Thanyasiriwat Jinsong Bao 《Journal of Cereal Science》2010,52(3):438-443
Gelatinization temperature (GT) is an important quality predictor that determines the cooking quality of rice. GT is genetically controlled by the starch synthase IIa (SSIIa) gene. Two functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) inside the SSIIa have already been found to be responsible for the variation of GT. One of these, GC/TT SNP at 4329/4330 bp, could be genotyped by four primers in a single PCR ( Bao et al., 2006a), but another one, G/A SNP at 4198 bp, has not been detected by a PCR-based marker. Here, we developed cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) and derived cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (dCAPS) markers to detect these SNPs. A dCAPS marker that the PCR products were cleaved by the BseR I restriction endonuclease was designed to detect GC/TT SNP. Both CAPS and dCAPS markers were designed to detect G/A SNP using the restriction endonuclease Nla III and Tsp45 I, respectively. All the markers developed were co-dominant. It was known that the A allele of G/A SNP was rare among rice germplasm, but it was still in use by rice breeders. 11 rice accessions including landrace and breeding lines with A allele of G/A SNP were detected. The F2 individuals from two crosses were used to analyze the co-segregation between the SNP alleles and the GT. The segregation ratio of two SNPs did not conform to the expected Mendelian ratio of 1:2:1, but the SNPs were co-segregated with GT. The markers developed in the present study would be useful in molecular breeding for the improvement of the quality of rice grain. 相似文献
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Liang Jin Yan Lu Yafang Shao Gan Zhang Peng Xiao Shengquan Shen Harold Corke Jinsong Bao 《Journal of Cereal Science》2010
II-32B is a key maintainer line used for hybrid rice breeding in China. However, it is of poor quality for most Chinese consumers because of its high apparent amylose content (AAC), high gelatinization temperature (GT) and non-fragrance. It is well known that the AAC, GT and fragrance traits are largely controlled by the Wx, starch synthase IIa (SSIIa), and fragrance (fgr) genes, respectively. With the aid of functional markers, we improved the quality of II-32B by introgressing the Wx, SSIIa, and fgr genes from Yixiang B, a fragrant maintainer line that has low AAC and low GT. The microsatellite allele (CT)17 of Wx, the contiguous single nucleotide polymorphism TT allele of SSIIa and the 8-bp deletion allele of fgr were transferred to II-32B by two backcrosses and three selfings. Molecular marker assisted selection was applied in the series to select for individuals carrying Wx-(CT)17, SSIIa-TT, and fgr-deletion alleles. According to the marker genotypes, seventeen homozygous lines for Wx-(CT)17, SSIIa-TT, and fgr gene markers were finally selected. The improved II-32B lines were fragrant with reduced AAC and GT. 相似文献
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小麦镉（Cd）污染日益加重,严重威胁食品安全和人类健康,培育和应用低镉积累品种是降低镉污染小麦风险的最有效途径之一,通过分子标记辅助手段可加快低镉积累特性小麦的筛选和培育。本研究选用175份小麦种质材料,种植于陕西省镉中度污染农田,对灌浆初期小麦茎部镉含量、镉富集系数和转运系数进行聚类分析,筛选出10个低镉积累特性种质。同时利用小麦660K单核苷酸多态性（SNP）芯片,通过3种模型对茎部镉含量、生物富集系数和转运系数进行全基因组关联分析,共鉴定到33个相关遗传位点,其中28个是新的SNP位点。针对茎部镉含量和转运系数3A上的2个主效QTL,开发了KASP标记,并在验证群体中明确了其准确性和实用性。基于基因注释和同源基因比对,预测了10个基因可能直接参与小麦镉积累转运相关生物过程;其中TraesCS3A02G289200基因是一个热休克转录因子,它在水稻中的同源基因（OsHsfA4a）被验证能够提高水稻对镉的耐受性。10个低镉积累特性种质及相关基因可用于小麦耐镉污染育种及有效分子标记开发。 相似文献
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为检测普通小麦D染色体组是否存在psy基因,以扩增普通小麦(2X=AABBDD=42)psy基因的相同引物psy02和psy06在节节麦(2X=DD=14)中进行PCR反应。结果表明,引物psy02在节节麦基因组DNA中的扩增产物长206 bp,与普通小麦中扩增的196 bp序列同源率为93.0%,对应的第2外显子区域内仅有1 SNP;引物psy06在节节麦基因组DNA中的PCR产物长305 bp,与普通小麦中扩增的302 bp序列同源率达95.77%,对应的第6外显子区域内无SNP,说明在小麦D染色体组中存在psy基因,且psy基因部分外显子序列在D染色体组的进化过程中相对保守。 相似文献
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由禾本科布氏白粉菌Blumeria graminis(DC.) f. sp.tritici(Bgt)引起的白粉病是影响小麦产量和品质的一种主要病害。为了评价小麦抗白粉病基因相关分子标记在育种中的有效性与实用性,本试验利用感白粉病品种晋麦66和小偃麦衍生品系CH1357构建的341个F_(2:3)家系为材料,利用本课题组前期已定位的8个与抗白粉病基因 PmCH1357相关的分子标记(Xcfd81、Xbwm20、Xbwm21、Xbwm25、Xmp510、Xbwm8、Xbwm9和Xgwm190)对群体进行PCR检测,并接种白粉菌株E09进行苗期抗病性鉴定,分析PCR扩增产物与白粉病抗性间的相关性。结果表明,4个标记(Xcfd81、Xbwm20、Xbwm21和Xbwm25)对群体检测的纯合抗病基因型与纯合抗病表现型符合率均达到93%以上,可用于抗白粉病基因 PmCH1357的筛选;为进一步提高标记筛选的准确性,可使用多个标记组合,使用基因同一侧的标记组合进行选择会降低选择效率,使用基因两侧标记组合进行选择可有效提高选择的准确性。使用标记组合Xcfd81+Xbwm8对抗白粉病基因 PmCH1357进行选择可以获得更高的准确性及更多有效植株。 相似文献
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为探究鉴别燕麦品种特异性所需SNP标记的最少数量与鉴别效果,以25个生产上大面积推广的栽培燕麦品种为材料,利用燕麦Illumina Inc.iSelect 6K微珠芯片进行基因分型,按照具有多态性、最小等位基因频率（MAF）大于0.05、缺失率小于0.50的条件进行筛选,获得2 214个高质量的SNP标记。所有SNP标记的平均MAF为0.75,平均多态性信息含量（PIC）为0.28。群体遗传结构分析将25个燕麦品种划分为5个类群。通过去冗余分析,获得8个能够高效鉴别燕麦参试品种的SNP标记。这8个SNP标记的平均MAF为0.62,平均PIC为0.35,表现出丰富的遗传多样性。测序结果显示,所筛选的8个SNP标记具有较好的稳定性和重现性。进一步利用这8个SNP标记构建了25个燕麦栽培品种的SNP指纹图谱,为燕麦栽培品种真实性鉴定和纯度检测提供了可用的标记组合。 相似文献
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以松散型玉米自交系沈137为材料,利用同源克隆法成功克隆与水稻Dwarf4基因同源的玉米Dwarf4基因。序列分析发现,该基因cDNA序列全长1 626 bp,开放阅读框1 521 bp,编码506个氨基酸,与高粱、水稻、拟南芥的氨基酸同源性分别为95%、89%和71%。Real-Time PCR分析表明,ZmDwarf4基因的表达量为3～11叶期表达量逐渐增加,9～11叶期达到最大量,12～19叶期表达量逐渐降低,推测ZmDwarf4基因正向调控玉米叶夹角的大小。ZmDwarf4基因的表达量在叶片中最高,在叶枕中最低。不同激素处理的结果表明,用植物激素（IAA）处理的样品ZmDwarf4基因的表达量始终高于对照;用Brassinolide（BR）处理的样品6叶期ZmDwarf4基因的表达量高于对照,7～10叶期该基因的表达趋势与对照基本一致,但始终低于对照;用IAA+BR处理的样品,该基因的表达趋势与对照基本一致,但高于对照。ZmDwarf4参与玉米BR生物合成途径,进而调控其相关株型建成。 相似文献
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Heng-Xiu Yu Qiao-Quan Liu Li Xu Mei-Fang Lu Xiao-Jun Yang Zhi-Yun Gong Xiu-Lin Cai Yuan-San Zhang Chang-Quan Zhang Zong-Yang Wang Ming-Hong Gu 《Journal of Cereal Science》2009
In rice grains, high amylose content (AC) is correlated with poor grain quality, particularly in indica hybrid rice. To obtain indica hybrid rice with improved cooking and eating qualities, we introduced the antisense Waxy (Wx) gene into 2 elite parental lines of indica hybrid rice by using co-transformation methods. Subsequently, we selected several elite homozygous transgenic lines that did not contain the selectable marker. The expression of the endogenous Wx gene of the selected transgenic lines was significantly downregulated, resulting in low AC in the mature seeds; moreover, the AC in some lines reduced to the level observed in glutinous rice. With the decrease in AC, the gel consistency of the transgenic rice became softer, and the gelatinization temperature tended to be higher than those of the wild types, especially in the case of the Longtefu-derived transformants. We also analyzed the pasting properties of the selected transgenic low-AC lines, and we noted an improvement in the pasting properties of the transgenic rice lines. The results from a field trial indicated that the grain weights of the transgenic lines with lower AC exhibit remarkable reduction compared with those of the wild types. 相似文献
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Solanki IS Sood DR Ahlawat TR Singh U 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1999,54(4):305-313
Ten physicochemical and nutritional quality traits (100-seedweight, seed volume, seed density, bulk density, hydrationcapacity, hydration index, swelling capacity, protein, tryptophanand energy value) were examined in the seed samples of parents,F2 and F3 generations of three microsperma ×microsperma and two microsperma × macrospermacrosses of lentils. Significant variation for different traits wasobserved among the genotypes in both the groups and also amongboth types of crosses in F2 and F3 generations. Ranges,means and coefficients of variation (CV %) for various traitsamong parents, F2 and F3 generations of different crosses,along with the deviations between F2 and F3 generationmeans for various traits in different crosses are discussed. Alsosuggested is a breeding strategy for evolving lentil varieties withimproved seed yield and nutritional quality parameters. 相似文献
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Wrkl是在EMS诱导群体中分离得到的玉米胚乳显性突变基因.Wrk1突变体玉米胚乳严重皱缩,导致玉米子粒的千粒重降低30％～50％.研究利用B73为回交亲本构建BC1分离群体,通过9 800个单株把Wrk1基因定位在开发的SSR标记Mssr1824和Mssr2042之间,二者之间的物理距离约1.2 Mb.在此基础上,另外构建一个以M017为回交亲本的BC1群体,通过11280个单株把Wrk1基因定位在开发的SSR标记Mssr1916.2和Mssr1838之间,二者之间的物理距离约185 kb.通过基因预测和注释,发现在该区域内有7个候选基因,为Wrk1基因的最终克隆奠定了基础. 相似文献
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为了给小麦育种提供新的种质资源,对4份圆锥小麦-乌拉尔图小麦双二倍体(AABBA^uA^u)的农艺性状、染色体组成及高分子量谷蛋白亚基组成进行了鉴定。农艺性状调查结果表明,4份双二倍体的株高介于108.45~129.43 cm,分蘖数介于7.3~17.5个,穗长介于10.23~12.17 cm,小穗数介于16.26~22.06,自交结实率介于37.77%~70.46%;4份双二倍体对目前的流行条锈菌混合生理小种(条中31、条中32、条中33、条中34和水源11-4)均表现为高抗。利用寡核苷酸序列探针Oligo-pSc119.2-1、Oligo-pTa535-1、Oligo-pTa71-2、pTa-713和简单重复序列探针(AAC)5进行FISH分析,可区分出圆锥小麦-乌拉尔图小麦双二倍体的42条染色体。花粉母细胞染色体配对观察表明,在这些双二倍体的减数分裂中期I,染色体大多配对成二价体,仅有少量的单价体、三价体和四价体。SDS-PAGE分析表明,来自于乌拉尔图小麦TA#831的1Ay亚基在双二倍体Syn-TAU-2中得到了表达,但其迁移率发生了变化;来自于PI428270和PI428274的1Ax和1Ay亚基分别在双二倍体Syn-TAU-3和Syn-TAU-4中得到了表达。这些双二倍体可作为新的资源材料用于普通小麦的遗传改良。 相似文献
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为明确黄淮麦区TaGS2等位基因的分布状况及其与主要农艺性状的关系,对黄淮麦区2008年之前育成的种质材料、新育成的品种(系)及国外引进材料,用TaGS2-A1、TaGS2-B1和TaGS2-D1等功能标记鉴定对应的基因,并结合相关农艺性状发掘优势单倍型。结果表明,黄淮麦区2008年之前育成的种质材料和新育成品种(系)中TaGS2等位基因分布频率存在一定的差异;TaGS2-A1b、TaGS2-B1b和TaGS2-D1a是优势TaGS2等位基因,TaGS2-A1b在小麦抽穗期、株高和小穗数的改良上是优势单倍型,但在新育成的品种(系)中有下降的趋势,TaGS2-D1a能够显著增加小穗数、穗粒数和穗粒重,在各类材料中的比例都较高;TaGS2-B1b是提高千粒重的优势单倍型。因此,在黄淮麦区小麦穗部性状改良中TaGS2-B1b和TaGS2-D1a的作用显著,尤其是TaGS2-D1a,同时黄淮麦区种植小麦遗传多样性在减少,一些优势单倍型未受到重视,应对地方品种和一些国外引进材料加以利用。 相似文献
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为给小麦偏分离规律研究及小麦农艺性状的QTL定位研究提供相关信息,以普通小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)宁7840和Clark杂交得到的F12重组自交系(RIL)为试验材料,利用筛选出的2 404个单核苷酸多态性SNP标记和291个SSR标记对该群体进行遗传分析。结果表明,共有494个标记位点表现偏分离,占总标记数的18.3%,其中有429个标记偏向父本Clark,占偏分离标记数的86.8%,65个标记偏向母本宁7840,占偏分离标记数的13.2%。大多数偏分离标记在连锁图谱上成簇分布,形成偏分离区域(Segregation distortion region,SDR),共检测到33个SDR,分别位于1A、1B、2A、2B、3A、4B、5A、6A、6B、7A、7B和7D染色体上,其中有6个SDR偏向母本宁7840,27个SDR偏向父本Clark。杂合致死基因Ne2、导致偏分离的QSd.ksu-7D、核质互作增强子基因scs所在染色体区间分别与SDR-2B.1、SDR-7D.1、SDR-1A.2存在部分重合,这3个SDR中可能存在上述基因或其同源基因,在合子体选择和配子体选择共同作用下造成偏分离,形成SDR。 相似文献
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玉米dbf1 基因在干旱胁迫下的编码产物与DIP1蛋白相结合,调控植物激素脱落酸（ABA）响应基因rab17 的表达,从而提高耐旱性。以B73的dbf1 基因组序列为模板,对104个玉米自交系的dbf1 基因进行测序,研究玉米dbf1 基因的序列多态性。多态性分析表明,在全长为2 118 bp的序列中共发现48个SNP和12个InDel。尽管大部分变异位点集中在非编码区,但编码区的1个InDel和3个非同义突变位点的变异可以产生氨基酸序列改变。玉米dbf1 基因的全长序列和编码区序列的变异位点可以分别将该基因划分成33和11种单倍型,并且编码7种蛋白质。在供试材料中,dbf1 基因至少经历了9次重组,中性检测表明,该基因的进化没有偏离中性选择。 相似文献