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综述了蜂王信息素的化学成分、合成研究、行为受到的影响以及在现实中的应用等方面的研究进展。蜂王信息素包括五种成分分别是9-酮基-(反)-2-癸烯酸,甲基-对-羟基-苯甲酸盐S(+),9氢氧-(反)-2-癸烯酸,4-羟基-3-甲氧苯基乙醇,R(-)-9氢氧-(反)-2-癸烯酸。在人工育王、控制分蜂、笼蜂运输、收捕分蜂团、作为可抛弃的授粉单位等方面有重要的应用。 相似文献
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10-羟基-△^2-癸烯酸(10-HDA)是蜂王浆特有的高效生物活性物质,占鲜蜂王浆的1.4%~2.0%。对10-HDA的来源、结构、生物学活性、测定方法和提取方法等进行了综述,对其开发利用前景进行了展望。 相似文献
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试验旨在研究茶树纯露化学成分和抑菌活性。采用D101大孔吸附树脂和AB-8大孔吸附树脂对茶树纯露中的化学成分进行富集，选用50%和95%两个不同浓度的乙醇-水溶液作为洗脱剂，先用50%乙醇溶液分别对D101和AB-8大孔吸附树脂柱进行洗脱，再用95%乙醇溶液对两根树脂柱进行洗脱。使用气相色谱质谱联用仪（GC-MS）对茶树纯露粗提物进行化学成分分析，并测定粗提物的抑菌活性。结果显示：经过D101大孔吸附树脂富集的M1-95%粗提物主要化学成分为松油-1-醇、γ-松油烯、1,8-桉叶素和α-松油烯，经过D101大孔吸附树脂富集后又再次经过AB-8大孔吸附树脂富集的M2-95%粗提物主要化学成分为松油-1-醇、γ-松油烯、1,8-桉叶素和α-松油烯。M1-95%对白色念珠菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和藤黄微球菌具有较强的抑制活性；M1-50%对白色念珠菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、藤黄微球菌和肺炎克雷伯菌具有中等强度的抑制活性。研究表明，D101大孔吸附树脂对茶树纯露中的化学成分具有较强的富集能力，而AB-8大孔吸附树脂并未富集出其他化学成分，生产车间无须将流出液再次经过AB-8大孔吸附树脂富集。 相似文献
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通过对中蜂蜂王浆和意蜂蜂王浆的感官性状和化学成分的比较性分析,发现它们在颜色深浅、浓稠状态、芳香气味和酸涩滋味的程度上有明显差别,在水分、10-羟基-α-癸烯酸、酸度、总糖、蛋白质、灰分等的含量上有极显著差异(P＜0.01).提示中蜂蜂王浆有着独特的性质,要了解它的高酸度、低10-羟基-α-癸烯酸的原因,还需进一步研究它的脂肪酸和有机酸的种类和含量. 相似文献
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蜂王浆的质量标准,主要是以蜂王浆中10-羟基-2-癸烯酸(10-HDA,又称王浆酸)的含量多少来确定.那么,蜂王浆的10-HDA是植物花蜜本来就有的,还是蜜蜂体腺分泌的呢?答案是肯定的,是蜜蜂体内特殊腺体分泌的. 相似文献
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高原王浆指的就是青海省门源县、互助县、大通县等地所生产的王浆.几十年来,普遍认为该地区生产的王浆质量好于全国任何地方,更有甚者将该地区王浆中的10-羟基-2-癸烯酸奉为神灵,给该地区所生产的王浆涂上了更加神秘的色彩,所谓的高原王浆,更忽悠了广大的王浆消费者. 相似文献
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在低温(5℃)的条件下,通过向饲料中添加DL-蛋氨酸(DLM)和蛋氨酸羟基类似物(LMA),考察不同蛋氨酸对产蛋高峰期海兰褐蛋鸡生产性能及蛋品质的影响。结果表明:低温(5℃)条件下,饲料中添加蛋氨酸可以缓解低温对蛋鸡造成的不利影响,蛋鸡体重降低缓慢,与对照组相比,产蛋率、平均蛋重和日蛋重显著提高,采食量和料蛋比显著降低。对蛋鸡的输卵管长度指数、重量指数没有显著影响。添加0.15%的DL-蛋氨酸和0.225%的蛋氨酸羟基类似物对蛋鸡的生产性能和蛋壳厚度的影响效果最好。 相似文献
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K E Boyd D W Fitzpatrick J R Wilson L M Wilson 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》1988,52(2):181-185
Two experiments were conducted to determine the effect of T-2 toxin on brain biogenic monoamines and their metabolites. Male rats (180 g) and cockerels (28 day, 300 g) were orally dosed with T-2 toxin at 2.5 mg kg-1 body weight. In the first experiment, whole brains were collected 2, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h postdosing and analyzed for monoamines by high performance liquid chromatography with electro-chemical detection. T-2 toxin did not influence whole brain concentrations of monoamines in either species. In the second experiment, brains were collected 24 h postdosing, dissected into five brain regions, and analyzed for monoamines. T-2 toxin treatment resulted in increased serotonin and 5-hydroxy-3-indoleacetic acid in all brain regions of the rat. However, this was not seen in poultry where T-2 toxin treatment resulted in an increase in 5-hydroxy-3-indoleacetic acid, no alteration in serotonin concentration and a decrease in regional norepinephrine and dopamine concentrations. These results suggest that T-2 toxin influences brain biogenic amine metabolism and that there is an intraspecies difference in the central effects of this mycotoxin. 相似文献
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Saito S Takagi T Koutoku T Saito ES Hirakawa H Tomonaga S Tachibana T Denbow DM Furuse M 《British poultry science》2004,45(2):158-162
1. To clarify the difference in behavioural activities and catecholamine metabolism between layer and broiler-type chicks two experiments were conducted. 2. In experiment 1, 1-d-old male layer and broiler chicks were placed in an open-field area and their responses were investigated for 10 min. The responses of the two strains were remarkably different, with broilers being less active than layers. Vocalisations rapidly decreased in broilers whereas those of layers remained elevated during the 10 min. 3. In experiment 2, 1-d-old chicks of both strains were killed and brain catecholamine concentrations were determined in three parts of the brain: telencephalon, optic lobe and brain stem. 4. In the whole brain, dopamine (DA) and dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) were significantly higher in broilers. However, the values for norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine (E) and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylacetic acid (HVA) were similar between strains. The ratios of metabolite/precursor were also calculated: HVA/DOPAC was higher in layers, while NE/DA, E/NE and DOPAC/DA were not significantly different between strains. 5. These results suggest that behavioural activities differ greatly, while there are some differences in catecholamine metabolism between the two strains. 相似文献
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Liu YL Yi GF Song GL Hou YQ Huang JW Vázquez-Añón M Knight CD 《British poultry science》2007,48(2):190-197
1. This experiment was conducted to compare the effectiveness of DL-2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid (HMTBA) and DL-methionine (DLM) on growth performance and carcase quality of broilers in a 2 x 3 x 2 factorial experimental design including two methionine (Met) sources, three equimolar levels of Met supplementation and two sexes. 2. No difference was observed between the two Met sources in growth performance and muscle deposition from 10 to 49 d. With increasing Met levels, average daily gain was increased in the starter, grower and overall phases, average daily feed intake was increased in the starter phase, and feed:gain ratio was decreased in the grower and overall phases. Met supplementation increased breast muscle content and decreased abdominal fat content. Broilers given HMTBA had breast and thigh muscle coloration that was characterised as superior to those fed DLM. 3. These results indicated that Met supplementation improved growth performance and carcase quality irrespective of the Met sources. Compared to DLM, HMTBA has the same molar bioefficacy for improving the growth performance and carcase quality; however, HMTBA-fed birds had superior meat colour to DLM-fed birds. 相似文献
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Sliwa E Adaszek Ł Tatara M Dobrowolski P 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2010,123(9-10):397-405
The aim of this study was to investigate short-term 4 and 14 weeks after fundectomy) and long-term (at the age of 8 months) postoperative effects of 3-hydroxy-3-methylbutyrate and/or alpha-ketoglutarate on selected serum biochemical markers in fundectomized pigs. Experimental fundectomy was performed in 30 castrated male pigs of the Pu?awska breed who received placebo or 3-hydroxy-3-methylbutyrate and/or alpha-ketoglutarate up to the age of 8 months. Plasma amino acid concentrations and selected blood parameters were analyzed. Main vital organs were weighed. Our study showed that the supplementations with alpha-ketoglutarate and/or 3-hydroxy-3-methylbutyrate to fundectomized pigs significantly prevented the reduction of stomach, liver and spleen weights. However, results of this study, either positive or negative, cannot categorically establish a beneficial effect of AKG and HMB nutritional support after fundectomy in pigs. 相似文献
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《Journal of aquatic animal health》2013,25(3):267-274
Abstract Isolates of Flavobacterium columnare (29 from diseased fish and three American Type Culture Collection cultures [ATCC 23463, 49512, 43622]) were identified by use of biochemical characteristics prior to generating whole-cell fatty acid profiles. The microbial identification system (MIS; Microbial ID, Newark, Delaware), a gas chromatography system, was used to generate the fatty acid profiles of F. columnare. The MIS contains databases of clinically and environmentally important bacteria that are represented by over 100 genera, including Flavobacterium spp. (F. aquatile [ATCC 11947] and F. mizutaii). Flavobacterium columnare is not included in the databases because it does not grow on standard media. Fatty acid profiles of F. columnare were generated with the CLIN40 protocol established by MIS after growth of the bacteria in modified Shieh broth. The fatty acid composition of F. columnare isolates determined by the CLIN40 method consisted of 10 major fatty acids (those present at levels > 1%): 11-methyl-dodecanoic acid (13:0 iso [the term “iso” designates the methyl group at the penultimate carbon atom]), 13-methyl tetradecenoic acid isomer G (15:1 iso G), 13-methyl tetradecanoic acid (15:0 iso), 12-methyl tetradecanoic acid (15:0 anteiso [the term “anteiso” designates the methyl group at the third carbon atom from the end]), pentadecanoic acid (15:0), 14-methyl pentadecanoic acid (16:0 iso), 3-hydroxy-13-methyl tetradecanoic acid (15:0 iso 3OH), 15-methyl cis-9-hexadecenoic acid (iso 17:1 ω9c), 3-hydroxy-14-methyl pentadecanoic acid (16:0 iso 3OH), and 3-hydroxy-15-methyl hexadecanoic acid (17:0 iso 3OH) (94.8% of profile). Five fatty acids found in the highest percentages from all isolates (CLIN40 method) included 15:1 iso G (16.12%), 15:0 iso (46.54%), 15:0 iso 3OH (6.81%), iso 17:1 ω9c (7.32%), and 17:0 iso 3OH (9.42%). Fatty acid profiles were also established by means of the MIS rapid protocol (RCLN50) in which identifications can be completed in 7 min instead of 20 min. Fatty acids found in the highest percentages for the RCLN50 protocol included 15:1 iso G (15.36%), 15:0 iso (43.03%), 15:0 iso 3OH (7.43%), iso 17:1 ω9c (6.83%), and 17:0 iso 3OH (10.17%). Both methods will allow reliable identification of F. columnare. 相似文献
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Tatara MR 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2009,93(6):669-677
This study was performed to investigate the effects of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) administration on skeletal system properties in turkeys. Thirty-two males were randomly divided into two groups at the age of 35 days of life. The first group included control turkeys (n = 16) treated with placebo, while the second group of birds (HMB group; n = 16) was administered orally with calcium salt of HMB during the last 15 weeks of life. The turkeys were sacrificed at the age of 20 weeks and tibia was isolated for analysis of bone geometrical parameters, volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) and mechanical properties. Furthermore, assessment of free amino acid concentrations in plasma was performed. The results showed a 6.3% increase of vBMD of tibia in response to HMB treatment (p < 0.01). Cross-sectional area, second moment of inertia, maximum elastic strength and ultimate strength of tibia were significantly increased in HMB-treated turkeys by 21.3%, 49.0%, 27.2% and 28.3%, respectively (p ≤ 0.01). β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate administration increased plasma concentrations of proline,glutamate, leucine, isoleucine, valine, alanine, aspartate, phenylalanine and cysteic acid (p < 0.05). These results indicate that long-term administration of HMB improves vBMD, and geometrical and mechanical properties of skeletal system in turkeys, and that these effects are associated with improved plasma amino acid concentrations. 相似文献
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Chemotherapeutic value of parvaquone and buparvaquone against Theileria annulata infection of cattle
R Hashemi-Fesharki 《Research in veterinary science》1991,50(2):204-207
Parvaquone (BW993C), 2-cyclohexyl-3-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone, and buparvaquone (BW720C) 2-(trans-4-t-butylcyclohexyl-methyl)-3-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone, were evaluated to determine their therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of theileriosis caused by Theileria annulata infection in cattle in Iran. One hundred and fifty-nine pure and crossbred Bos taurus cattle, experimentally or naturally infected with T annulata, were treated. Parvaquone was injected into 86 animals with up to three doses of 20 mg kg-1 or 10 mg kg-1 at intervals of 48 hours between doses. Buparvaquone was injected into 73 animals. Up to three doses of 2.5 mg kg-1 were injected with an interval of 48 hours between doses. The recovery rate of animals treated with parvaquone was 60.7 per cent and with buparvaquone it was 88.7 per cent. No significant side effects of relapse of disease were observed following the use of either compound. It is concluded that buparvaquone at a dose of 2.5 mg kg-1 has a satisfactory therapeutic index and is a more effective treatment of T annulata infection than parvaquone. The prophylactic use of schizont tissue culture vaccine and chemotherapy with buparvaquone could be the most promising means of controlling theileriosis in Iran. 相似文献
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桑萜类生物合成酶HMGR的生物信息学分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
萜类化合物是桑叶具有药用功效的主要化学成分之一。利用Vector NTI Suit 8等工具,对GenBank中的桑萜类生物合成关键酶3-羟基-3-甲基戊二酰辅酶A还原酶(HMGR)基因的核苷酸和氨基酸序列进行了生物信息学分析。桑hmgr基因序列以基因组DNA形式登录,其中1-5 905 bp区间为该基因序列,包括启动子、CDS和内含子序列,推测其编码蛋白的分子式为C2602H4181N715O786S29,亚细胞定位于线粒体,存在跨膜结构域,且含有22个氨基酸的质体转运肽,是含有HMG-CoA-reductase-classⅠ重要功能域的疏水性蛋白,二级结构以无规则卷曲和α-螺旋为主,三级结构中含有2个HMG-CoA和2个NADP(H)结合位点。 相似文献