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红树植物生长在热带、亚热带海岸滩涂上。健全的红树植物生态系统是人类持续利用红树林的必要条件。如何保护、维持红树林的生态系统及其遗传健全性已成为红树林生态学家最关心的问题。红树植物当前的地理分布格局及形成原因是生态学家和保护生态学家的研究重点。文中介绍了近些年来红树植物亲缘地理学研究概况,包括地理隔离对红树植物分布格局的影响、基因交流受阻隔以及引起红树群体遗传结构变化的原因等内容;阐述了地质历史引起地形地貌变化、地理隔离、繁殖体扩散及生境环境等因子影响红树群体遗传演化的机制;探讨了红树植物亲缘地理学未来研究的重点,以期为红树植物保护和相关研究提供参考。 相似文献
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本文利用灰色关联分析法,综合分析红树植物对缺氧生境适应能力。结果表明,该方法符合直观的分析判定,是合理的。 相似文献
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《林业实用技术》2021,(9):23-27
东涌红树林位于深圳市大鹏新区东涌社区东涌河口,其中有较大面积的彩叶红树林景观,极具观赏与生态保育价值。2020年4—5月期间线路踏查及分类鉴定结果表明,其红树林湿地有真红树植物5科6属6种,半红树植物7科9属9种。真红树群落有海漆群落、秋茄群落、白骨壤群、桐花树群落、木榄群落、老鼠簕群落;半红树群落有黄槿群落、苦郎树群落、露兜树群落、草海桐群落、马甲子群落。其中海漆群落面积达2.39 hm2,占主要优势。计算了不同斑块的Shannon-Wiener指数、Simpson指数、Pielou指数。现有红树林林地面积约4 hm~2,在过去5年增加了近1 hm~2,原因为东涌河道淤积为红树植物提供了新的生境。需要从管理与生境保护等方面加强东涌红树林保育。 相似文献
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红树植物体内元素分布特点与抗盐机理 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
对福建九龙江口的秋茄、白骨壤、桐花树、海南东寨港的海莲及广西英罗湾的红海榄5种红树植物各器官K、Na、Ca、Mg和Cl等元素的分布特征进行了研究，并与陆生植物福建武夷山的甜槠进行比较。结果表明：(1)红树植物体内存在一有效的盐分重新分配机制，各器官之间盐分含量差别较大，而甜槠植物体内Na分布相对比较均匀；(2)这5种红树植物主要是通过积累盐分来抵御生境高盐引起的渗透胁迫；(3)根系拒盐是所有红树植物最重要的排盐机制，在满足细胞渗透调节的前提下。保持地上部分器官较低的盐分浓度是所有红树植物的共同特点；(4)拒盐红树植物(秋茄、海莲和红海榄)与泌盐红树植物(桐花树和白骨壤)除根系排盐效率上有所差别外，在植物体各器官元素积累及分配方面，没有明显的差异。 相似文献
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为我国华南沿海防浪护岸林体系工程建设试验性引进优质红树植物资源,旨在提高防护林体系的建设工程质量和增强生物工程体系的抗灾、减灾能力.从生物生态学特性、生长适应性、树高、地径的生长量以及开花结实情况,初步分析了海南岛东寨港从澳大利亚和墨西哥引进的几种红树植物的生长表现.结果表明:拉关木、直立柱果木和阿吉木在该地区可开花结果,其中拉关木生长表现最优,为一种耐高盐度的速生树种;根据寒害调查情况,拉关木和澳洲白骨壤有较耐寒的生长特性,具北移栽培的潜力. 相似文献
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惠东县红树林保护区及其周边陆域植被类型复杂多样。保护区红树林主要分布在稔山、铁涌、盐洲三镇,现有15种红树植物,约占中国红树植物种数的38.46%。其中真红树10种,约占中国真红树植物种数的35.71%;半红树5种,约占中国半红树植物种数的45.45%。其中稔山有红树植物12种,包括原生真红树植物8种、外来真红树植物1种和半红树植物3种;铁涌有红树植物12种,包括原生真红树植物7种、外来真红树植物1种和半红树植物4种;盐洲有红树植物12种,包括原生真红树植物8种、半红树植物3种和外来真红树植物1种。惠东县红树林保护区的植物种类资源具有较高的欣赏价值和物种保护价值,对惠东县红树林保护区植被调查及其周边区域陆域植物生态调查研究,为惠东县红树林保护区未来的发展及红树林生态系统的安全提供有力的保障和基础理论依据。 相似文献
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对深水裸滩几种红树植物及沼生植物落羽杉的生长适应性研究结果表明：(1)红树植物无瓣海桑与落羽杉的成活率和生长速度较接近,远超过桐花树、秋茄和木榄,证明无瓣海桑和落羽杉对于深水裸滩的生长适应能力较强,具有速生特性;(2)随滩面高度的降低,海水淹浸时间的增加,红树植物和落羽杉的成活率及生长速度有下降的趋势。在滩面高度低于-0．9m时,落羽杉成活和生长极差,各种红树植物则无法成活和生长。落羽杉的耐淹浸能力最强,其次为无瓣海桑,桐花树较差,秋茄和木榄最差;(3)在同一生长地红树植物与落羽杉的生长指标间存在一定的相关性。无瓣海桑与落羽杉之间的生长相关性最为明显,各生长指标间基本上都表现出极显著的相关性,而桐花树、秋茄、木榄与落羽杉的毕长相关性较差。 相似文献
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红树林造林树种的选择——以洛阳江湿地为例 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
在红树林造林时,要充分考虑红树林的耐寒性、向海性和生态安全,根椐实际情况进行树种选择,同时应以混交林为宜,以减少病虫害,并考虑植物的形态、花期、花色差异进行美学搭配,提高其观赏价值。本研究以洛阳江湿地为例,根据红树林的耐寒性、耐盐性、向海性和保护区的生态安全性原则进行树种选择,认为洛阳江红树林的主要造林树种为桐花树、秋茄、白骨壤,引种树种为老鼠簕、木榄、红海榄等。 相似文献
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The relationship between soil redox state, sulphide concentration, salinity and spatial patterns of mangrove species distribution was investigated in the mangrove forest of Gazi Bay (Kenya). Field measurements were conducted to examine the relationship between species distribution along a band transect of 280m and soil redox potential (Eh) and sulphide patterns, as well as the indirectly related (through flooding regimes) soil salinity. Of the three major species Avicenniamarina, Ceriops tagal and Rhizophoramucronata present along the transect, only the distribution of the latter correlated with the measured soil variables, R. mucronata being absent from the lessreduced zone with high salinity. Bruguieragymnorhiza and Heritieralittoralis occur in minor populations, they are restricted to the saline, sulphidepoor and lessreduced substrates. From the results it is concluded that soil redox potential (Eh), sulphide concentration and salinity may contribute to structure mangroves through the distribution of dominant species, however in combination with other environmental conditions and processes of vegetation dynamics. 相似文献
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Leizhou Peninsula, located at southern end of mailand China, has 9284.3 ha mangrove distributed more than 100 sites along its inlets and open coastlines. This paper presents the surveys on mangrove area in Leizhou Peninsula during 2000 and 2008, especially the survey in the eight major mangrove areas in 2002. The flora recorded in mangrove systems includes 69 large algea species, 13 native true mangrove species, nine native semi-mangrove species, and another seven intoduced true mangrove species with Sonneratia apetala as the quickest growing exotic mangrove species dominatant in the mangrove plantations, and more than 100 land flora species, consisting of 17 main mangrove associations. The plant biodiversity habitats remained mainly small patches and diverse, and were becoming worse under the intensive disturbance of human acitivities and coastal pollutions, which decreased the value of mangrove coasts as the important sites for flying-by migrating birds in Leizhou Peninsula. The effective mangrove conservation measures should be implemented. 相似文献
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The study examines vegetation – environment relationships. Vegetation measurements included species frequency, density, diameter and tree height, while environmental measurements were soil particle size distribution, acid properties (pH, Al, SO4), nutrient cations (Ca, Na, Mg, K), organic carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and chloride content. Nypa fruticans was the dominant species in the A stratum (> 3 m tall) while Rhizophora mangle was dominant in the B stratum (1–3 m tall). The C stratum (< 1 m tall) was dominated by mangrove, Nypa and Raphia saplings. Silt was dominant and the most variable particle size fraction. A principal components analysis of the soil data indicated the first three dominant components influencing the vegetation were salinity, nutrient and soil texture. Tree height and density correlated highly with the salinity and soil texture gradients (P < 0.01), while basal area correlated with salinity and nutrient gradients (P < 0.01). While Avicannia africana in the A stratum was influenced largely by the salinity and soil texture gradients. Nypa fruticans in the B stratum was influenced by salinity and nutrients. 相似文献
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Effects of flooding on water transport in mangroves have previously been investigated in a few studies, most of which were conducted on seedlings in controlled settings. In this study, we used heat-dissipation sap probes to determine if sap flow (J(s)) attenuates with radial depth into the xylem of mature trees of three south Florida mangrove species growing in Rookery Bay. This was accomplished by inserting sap probes at multiple depths and monitoring diurnal flow. For most species and diameter size class combinations tested, J(s) decreased dramatically beyond a radial depth of 2 or 4 cm, with little sap flow beyond a depth of 6 cm. Mean J(s) was reduced on average by 20% in Avicennia germinans (L.) Stearn, Laguncularia racemosa (L.) Gaertn. f. and Rhizophora mangle L. trees when soils were flooded. Species differences were highly significant, with L. racemosa having the greatest midday J(s) of about 26 g H(2)O m(-2) s(-1) at a radial depth of 2 cm compared with a mean for the other two species of about 15 g H(2)O m(-2) s(-1). Sap flow at a depth of 2 cm in mangroves was commensurate with rates reported for other forested wetland tree species. We conclude that: (1) early spring flooding of basin mangrove forests causes reductions in sap flow in mature mangrove trees; (2) the sharp attenuations in J(s) along the radial profile have implications for understanding whole-tree water use strategies by mangrove forests; and (3) regardless of flood state, individual mangrove tree water use follows leaf-level mechanisms in being conservative. 相似文献