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1.
斜带石斑鱼仔鱼的摄食节律及日摄食量 总被引：18，自引：1，他引：18
鱼类的日摄食节律分为白天摄食、晚上摄食、晨昏摄食和无明显节律四种类型。为了解斜带石斑鱼早期发育阶段的日摄食量及昼夜摄食规律,对孵化15天的仔鱼(全长4.86±0.38mm)在不同昼夜节律下的日摄食量和摄食节律进行了研究。结果如下:实验包括自然昼夜组(对照组)、持续光照组和持续黑暗组,各组对轮虫的日摄食量分别为142个/尾、156个/尾和47个/尾;白天摄食量比例分别为总摄食量的91.3%,80.5%和71.7%。对照组在正午(14:00)出现一个明显的摄食高峰;持续光照组在下午(16:00～18:00)出现明显的摄食小高峰;黑暗组则未出现明显的摄食峰。持续光照组在夜间的群摄食率明显高于对照组;黑暗组在白天的群摄食率明显低于对照组。持续光照组摄食强度小幅度增加,日摄食量为对照组的109.9%;而黑暗组摄食强度则明显下降,日摄食量为对照组的33.1%。综上所述,斜带石斑仔鱼摄食节律明显,属于典型的白天摄食类型;仔鱼的摄食与光照有着紧密的关系。 相似文献
2.
不同光周期下红螯螯虾幼虾摄食节律的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在不同光周期下对红螯螯虾(Cherax quadricarinatus)幼虾的摄食节律进行了研究。结果显示:红螯螯虾具有明显的日摄食节律,24 L(持续光照)、12 L∶12 D(12 h光照:12 h黑暗)和24 D(持续黑暗)光周期下,其摄食率、摄食量和摄食发生率均在19∶00-21∶00和5∶00-7∶00出现峰值,分别为:13.01%和15.58%、20.82%和14.75%、12.77%和16.89%,属晨昏型摄食。光周期和不同时段对红鳌幼虾摄食无显著的交互作用(P>0.05)。 相似文献
3.
光照对中华鲟幼鱼生长及血液生化指标的影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
测定了自然光周期(对照组,白天平均76 lx、晚上0 lx)、全光照(940 lx)和全避光(0 lx)三种光照周期下养殖70 d的中华鲟幼鱼生长指标(体重、全长、体长)及血液生化指标。结果显示,3种光照周期下的中华鲟幼鱼的生长无显著性差异。全避光组中华鲟幼鱼血液中总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)、球蛋白(GLB)含量最低,与对照组有显著性差异,与全光照组无显著性差异;甘油三酯(TRIG)、肌酐(CREA)和谷草转氨酶(AST)含量最高,TRIG与对照组有显著性差异,与全光照组无显著性差异,CREA与全光照组和对照组均有显著性差异,AST均无显著性差异。全光照组中华鲟血液中血清总胆固醇(TC)、总胆红素(T-BIL)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)含量最低,但与全避光组和对照组均无显著性差异;葡萄糖(GLU)、尿素氮(BUN)含量最高,与全避光组和对照组均有显著性差异。对照组的乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)和碱性磷酸酶(ALP)含量最高,LDH与全光照组和全避光组均无显著性差异,ALP与全光照组和全黑暗组均有显著性差异。三种光照周期下的无机离子含量除Mg2+外,Na+、K+、Cl-、Ca2+、P3+都没有显著性差异。 相似文献
4.
为了考察南方鲇标准代谢的昼夜节律,在光照周期13 L∶11 D、水温25℃的条件下,于14:00、16:00、18:00、20:00、22:00、00:00、2:00、4:00、6:00、8:00、10:00、12:00分别测定南方鲇幼鱼[(17.36±0.46)g,n=12]的标准代谢率。试验结果表明:南方鲇幼鱼标准代谢的峰值[(109.86±5.02)mgO2/(kg.h)]和最小值[(86.6±5.42)mg O2/(kg.h)]分别出现在22:00、12:00;标准代谢率的日平均、夜间平均、白昼平均值分别为(95.88±2.02)、(101.78±6.44)、(91.67±3.49)mg O2/(kg.h);夜间与白昼的平均标准代谢率差异显著(P<0.05)。南方鲇的夜间标准代谢显著高于白昼;在近自然光照周期条件下日平均标准代谢率低于相关文献报道的在全光照条件下的研究结果。 相似文献
5.
为研究菊黄东方鲀仔鱼的摄食节律和对丰年虫的消化时间,在盐度28,水温18～20 ℃条件下,对12日龄的菊黄东方鲀仔鱼进行了饲养试验。试验结果:菊黄东方鲀仔鱼对丰年虫的消化时间为2.5 h。持续光照组中,仔鱼的摄食强度和饱食量在5:00~17:00都较高,随后开始降低,而在21:00又出现一个高位;持续黑暗组中,24 h内的摄食强度均较低;对照组中,仔鱼摄食强度在9:00~17:00比较高,其后开始降低,23:00~3:00降低为0。持续光照组中,仔鱼的摄食强度在9:00达到最高,平均每尾23.6个丰年虫;对照组和持续黑暗组仔鱼的摄食强度均在15:00达到最大值,分别为20.4、11.2个丰年虫。仔鱼的摄食强度依次为:持续光照组﹥对照组﹥持续黑暗组,且对照组、持续光照组及黑暗组仔鱼白天的摄食强度比例分别为89.9 %、64.6 %、80.3 %。结果表明,菊黄东方鲀仔鱼属于典型的白天摄食类型。在菊黄东方鲀人工育苗过程中,应选择在白天投喂饵料,采用晚上适当开灯的方法增加光照强度,可以提高仔鱼的摄食活力,增强摄食强度,促进生长,缩短室内繁育时间。 相似文献
6.
吉富品系尼罗罗非鱼（GIFT）摄食节律初探 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
用投喂添加色素的膨化颗粒饲料和观测排便相结合的方法,研究吉富品系尼罗罗非鱼(Genetic Improvement of Farmed Tilapias;GIFT)的摄食节律.结果发现,6个家系的吉富品系尼罗罗非鱼摄食具有明显的节律性,家系之间的摄食周期存在非常显著差异(P＜0.0001);t检验发现,各家系内摄食周期和排便周期的差异均不显著(P≥0.1097).回归分析发现,摄食周期对生长无显著的影响(P=0.8988),但与摄食量之间存在显著的线性关系(R2=0.9679,P=0.0004).对摄食节律聚类分析,6个家系可分为(1、2、6)、(3、4)、5共3个家系类别.该项研究能为GIFT的养殖投饵和进一步选育提供理论依据,为鱼类摄食节律研究提供方法上的参考. 相似文献
7.
南方鲇幼鱼的胃排空特征及其数学模型 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
为考察摄食后专性肉食性鱼类南方鲇幼鱼胃内容物重量的变化特征并确定其最优数学模型,研究以南方鲇幼鱼为实验对象,在25℃条件下以6%(5.8%±0.2%)鱼体重的新鲜泥鳅肉块[(3.33±0.09)g]为实验饵料,分别在摄食后0、2、4、8、16、24、36、48 h测定南方鲇幼鱼[(58.45±1.66)g,(19.4±0.2)cm,n=48]胃内容物的湿重和干重。研究结果表明,随摄食后时间的延长,胃内容物的湿重和干重均显著下降(P<0.01),二者的摄食量百分比也具类似的变化特征(P<0.01);三种数学模型均能较好地拟合胃内容物重量的变化过程,但三者之间在以相关系数(R2)、残差平方和(RSS)及残差的标准差(SDR)为标准仍存在明显差异。用平方根模型对南方鲇幼鱼胃内容物湿重和干重数据的拟合结果最优,其方程分别为Y0.5=1.889-0.051×t(R2=0.87,P<0.001)和Y0.5=0.870-0.024×t(R2=0.86,P<0.001);南方鲇幼鱼在25℃下的胃排空率为0.051 g/h,其99%胃排空时间为36.7 h,该种鱼近99%胃排空时间的实测值为餐后36 h,这与最优数学模型的计算... 相似文献
8.
俄罗斯鲟的细胞遗传学分析 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
实验对人工饲养条件下牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)早期发育阶段摄食节律进行研究。在水温14.4~17.6℃条件下,初孵仔鱼约经5~6d开口摄食,开口饵料为经120目筛网过滤的褶皱臂尾轮虫(Bruchionus plicatilis),17~20d投喂卤虫无节幼体(Artemianauplii),21d后开始投喂桡足类(Copepoda)直至幼鱼阶段。通过对1 090尾仔、稚、幼鱼的测定、统计结果得出:饵料充足时饱食个体占65.8%,日间摄食率达93.7%,10日龄后[全长大于(5.20±0.24)mm],牙鲆日间的摄食率达100%,空胃个体主要出现在10日龄前。仔、稚鱼在早晨8:00和下午16:00出现两个摄食高峰,夜间基本不摄食。幼鱼夜间摄食则比较活跃,摄食量与仔、稚鱼相比明显增加,下午16:00仍为幼鱼摄食高峰。实验结果表明,牙鲆仔、稚、幼鱼具有明显的摄食节律,呈现白天摄食为主,清晨和黄昏双高峰的特点。 相似文献
9.
为探究盐碱环境中鱼类的摄食和生长特性,为耐盐碱鱼类增殖保护和盐碱水养殖提供基础数据,本研究以青海湖裸鲤(Gymnocypris przewalskii)为代表,研究其在盐碱水(青海湖湖水)环境中的自主摄食节律,设置自然光照(14L:10D)湖水组和全黑暗(24D)湖水组,以自然光照(14L:10D)淡水组为对照。结果显示,青海湖裸鲤为白昼摄食类型鱼类。在自然光照条件下,淡水环境中,青海湖裸鲤的摄食高峰期为08:00—11:00,摄食低谷期则为05:00—08:00;湖水环境中,青海湖裸鲤在08:00—19:00呈现较高且持续的摄食现象,其平均每小时摄食量显著高于05:00—08:00和19:00—05:00时段。而在全暗环境中,青海湖裸鲤摄食的节律性减弱,各时段的平均每小时摄食量较为接近。经63 d的自主摄食养殖,在自然光照下,湖水组的青海湖裸鲤在高盐碱环境中的体长增长率为(1.19±0.17)%、体重增长率为(10.66±0.98)%、特定生长率为(0.16±0.02)%/d,均分别显著低于淡水组青海湖裸鲤的体长增长率[(18.66±0.41)%]、体重增长率[(67.32±3.05)%]和特定生长率[(0.82±0.03)%/d],表明生长受到抑制。湖水组和淡水组青海湖裸鲤的体长–体重关系参数(b)均小于3,表明青海湖裸鲤为负异速生长鱼类,其中,湖水组b值小于淡水组,即湖水组体重增长速率低于淡水组,在一定程度上说明高盐碱环境导致青海湖裸鲤的生长特性发生变化。本研究通过探寻青海湖裸鲤在青海湖水环境以及淡水人工养殖中的摄食节律及生长规律,为青海湖裸鲤人工增殖投喂策略的制定提供理论依据,同时,为盐碱生境中鱼类的摄食习性研究提供基础数据。 相似文献
10.
试验研究了摄食时间对怀头鲇幼鱼胃、肠道中蛋白酶、淀粉酶和脂肪酶活性的影响。结果表明:摄食后怀头鲇幼鱼胃蛋白酶活性下降,之后开始快速上升至摄食后3 h酶活性达到最高峰,与摄食前相比差异显著(P<0.05);而肠蛋白酶活性一直保持上升趋势,摄食后3 h酶活性达到峰值。摄食前后淀粉酶活性变化趋势明显不同,即胃中淀粉酶活性在摄食后1 h出现明显的降低(P<0.05),但该酶活性很快又迅速上升,到摄食后3 h达到最高峰;肠淀粉酶在摄食后表现为先降低后增加的趋势,摄食后5 h达到最高峰;同时发现,摄食前后胃中脂肪酶活性变化较为剧烈,摄食后3 h达到最高峰,而肠道中脂肪酶活性的变化较为缓慢,说明摄食对胃中脂肪酶活性影响较大。 相似文献
11.
Association between the interannual variation in the oceanic environment and catch rates of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the Atlantic Ocean 
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下载免费PDF全文 The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna. 相似文献
12.
In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg. 相似文献
13.
Liping Li Rui Wang Wanwen Liang Xi Gan Ting Huang Yan Huang Jian Li Yunliang Shi Honglin Luo Ming Chen 《广西水产科技》2014,(1)
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China. 相似文献
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15.
Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Florence Le Gac Odile Blaise Alex Fostier Pierre-Yves Le Bail Maurice Loir Brigitte Mourot Claudine Weil 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1993,11(1-6):219-232
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations. 相似文献
16.
Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation. 相似文献
17.
Controlled infection of Poecilia reticulata Peters (guppy) with Tetrahymena by immersion and intraperitoneal injection 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 G Sharon M Pimenta‐Leibowitz M C L Vilchis N Isakov D Zilberg 《Journal of fish diseases》2015,38(1):67-74
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality). 相似文献
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William King V David L. Berlinsky Craig V. Sullivan 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1995,14(6):489-500
Plasma estradiol-17 (E2), testosterone (T), 17,20-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (DHP) and 17,20,21-tri-hydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (20-S) levels were measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA) in white perch (Morone americana) and white bass (M. chrysops) that were induced to undergo final oocyte maturation (FOM) with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Plasma DHP levels increased in females of both species in association with oocyte germinal vesicle migration (GVM) and germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) and decreased thereafter. Plasma 20-S levels also increased with oocyte GVM in white bass, but were several-fold lower than DHP levels. Circulating E2 and T levels were greatest during GVM and GVBD in both species and decreased to low levels during oocyte hydration and ovulation. Follicles from white perch and white bass which received a priming injection of hCG in vivo, produced both DHP and 20-S in vitro after exposure to hCG and their oocytes underwent GVBD. Ovarian incubates from unprimed fish of either species produced only E2 and T and their oocytes did not complete GVBD. Oocytes from unprimed bass, but not perch, matured when follicles were exposed to hCG in vitro. Both trilostane and cycloheximide blocked in vitro production of DHP and 20-S and oocyte GVBD by white perch follices. DHP and 20-S were equipotent inducers of FOM in the GVBD bioassay. None of several other structurally-related steroids tested were effective within a physiological range of concentrations. These results indicate a role for DHP and 20-S in the control of FOM in white perch and white bass. 相似文献
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Cardiac,ventilatory and metabolic responses of two ecologically dissimilar species of fish to waterborne cyanide 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Changes in heart rate, ventilatory activity and oxygen consumption were determined in trout (Salmo gairdneri) and brown bullhead catfish (Ictalurus nebulosus) during exposure to a steadily increasing concentration of waterborne cyanide selected to produce death in 8–9 hours for each species. The lethal cyanide concentration for the bullheads was an order of magnitude higher than for trout. Trout developed an immediate and gradually increasing bradycardia throughout the exposure period. Cyanide produced tachycardia in the bullhead followed by a gradual onset of bradycardia as the concentration of cyanide was raised. Pericardial injection of atropine (a muscarinic cholinergic antagonist) indicated that bradycardia in the trout was due initially to increased vagal tone but later due to the direct effect of cyanide on the heart. Hyperventilation in the trout persisted throughout the exposure period, although the rate and amplitude fluctuated and was variable between individual fish. During the last hour of exposure (highest cyanide concentration), ventilation was characterized by rapid, shallow breaths followed by a sudden respiratory arrest. The bullheads exhibited hyperventilation during the first 3 hours of exposure followed by a gradual, linear drop in ventilation rate and amplitude until death occurred. Cardiac and ventilatory responses in both species were attributed to stimulation of central and peripheral chemoreceptors by cyanide. Evidence is presented which suggests the initial response in the bullheads was due, at least in part, to gustatory stimulation by the cyanide. Oxygen consumption of the trout remained above pre-exposure levels for the majority of the test period. Oxygen consumption in the bullhead paralleled the changes in heart and ventilatory rates. Whole-body lactate levels of fingerlings of both species during cyanide exposure were measured to estimate the extent of anaerobiosis. Whole-body lactate levels were much greater in the bullheads than the trout, indicating a higher capacity for anaerobiosis, possibly due to a greater fuel supply. Overall, the trout responded to cyanide in a manner similar to that produced by environmental hypoxia whereas the bullheads experienced a gustatory stimulus which masked the hypoxia-like response. 相似文献
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Sandra García‐Garrido Ismael Hachero‐Cruzado Carlos Rosas Pedro Domingues 《Aquaculture Research》2013,44(11):1741-1751
Protein and amino acid composition of the mantle of juvenile O ctopus vulgaris (Cuvier, 1797) during fasting for 27 days were determined. Average protein content of octopus mantle was of 711.19 ± 46.80 g kg?1 DW, and it decreased with increasing fasting days. The non‐essential amino acids content was higher (486.18 ± 11.08 g kg?1 protein) than essential amino acids (425.82 ± 9.15 g kg?1 protein) at the start of the experiment (unstarved animals). The results suggest that the amino acid profile of the mantle where the most abundant amino acids are Arg, His, Lys, Gly, Leu and Pro could indicate a prolonged fasting condition (>20 days) or poor nutrition of O . vulgaris. This study supports the idea of using mantle for metabolic needs of starved O . vulgaris suggesting that the degradation pathway of amino acids to pyruvate and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates was favoured contrary to the degradation pathway of ketogenic amino acids. Special considerations should be taken concerning Thr, Ile, Ser, Ala, Asx (Asp, Asn), Glx (Glu, Gln) (because of their fast intake) and Lys and His (due to their stable contents) during a prolonged period of fasting. 相似文献