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在室内毒力测定的基础上,采用离体叶片饲养法,研究了啶虫脒亚致死剂量(LC25、LC15、LC_5)对豌豆蚜生长发育和繁殖的影响。发现啶虫脒对豌豆蚜的致死中浓度LC50为2.751 mg/L。不同亚致死剂量对豌豆蚜的生长发育和繁殖也均有显著影响。经不同亚致死剂量处理后,豌豆蚜若蚜发育历期明显延长,而成蚜期、成蚜产蚜天数、平均产蚜量和日平均产蚜量与对照相比明显缩短或降低,亚致死剂量越大差异越明显。表明了啶虫脒亚致死剂量对豌豆蚜生长发育和繁殖均具抑制作用。 相似文献
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甲氰菊酯和螺螨酯对二斑叶螨实验种群的亚致死效应 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在室内研究了甲氰菊酯和螺螨酯亚致死剂量对二斑叶螨实验种群成螨和卵的影响。结果表明,甲氰菊酯亚致死剂量LC10处理成螨后,二斑叶螨的卵期、幼螨期、若螨期、成螨期及寿命均显著缩短,处理卵后各发育历期均显著低于对照;亚致死剂量LC20处理成螨后二斑叶螨的卵期、若螨期、成螨期及寿命均显著缩短,处理卵后各发育历期均低于对照,处理后F1代种群的内禀增长率rm由0.191 9增至0.193 4～0.205 9,对种群有刺激增殖作用。螺螨酯亚致死剂量LC10处理成螨后,卵期、若螨期显著延期长,处理卵后卵期、若螨期、产卵前期均长于对照;亚致死剂量LC20处理成螨后卵期、幼螨期显著延长,处理卵后卵期、若螨期、产卵前期均长于对照,螺螨酯两亚致死剂量处理成螨和卵后成螨期和寿命均缩短,处理后F1代种群的内禀增长率rm由0.191 9降低至0.149 9～0.150 8,对种群有抑制作用。 相似文献
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亚致死剂量甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐对棉铃虫生长发育的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
以甲维盐亚致死剂量LC25连续筛选棉铃虫10代获得一个亚致死种群（Sub10）,用Sub10和同源对照种群（CP）研究甲维盐对棉铃虫的亚致死效应。亚致死剂量（LC25）处理CP和Sub10 3龄初幼虫,CP幼虫的生长抑制率为61.24%,显著大于Sub10的36.23%。亚致死剂量处理种群与空白对照相比,以及Sub10与CP相比,前者均表现为生长发育延缓,蛹期延长,但蛹重、产卵量和卵孵化率无显著差异。亚致死剂量处理后,CP的净生殖率（R0）、内禀增长率（rm）、周限增长率（λ）分别由385.60、0.21、1.23降低至91.86、0.15、1.16,平均世代时间（T）和种群倍增时间（Dt）分别由28.24天和3.29天延长至29.93天和4.64天;而Sub10仅rm显著降低、T显著延长。说明甲维盐亚致死剂量对棉铃虫生长、繁殖有不利影响。 相似文献
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为评价吡虫啉对日本通草蛉Chrysoperla nipponensis(Okamoto)实验种群的亚致死效应,采用浸渍法处理日本通草蛉卵,测定了吡虫啉亚致死剂量LC_(10)、LC_(20)、LC_(30)对日本通草蛉生长发育、繁殖力和生命表参数的影响。结果表明,经吡虫啉亚致死剂量LC_(10)、LC_(20)、LC_(30)处理后,日本通草蛉幼虫发育历期和蛹期分别延长0.86~2.04 d和1.00~2.37 d,平均单头蛹重降低1.16~1.56 mg,羽化率降低6.13%~13.08%;雌虫产卵前期延长0.19~0.51 d,每雌平均产卵量减少17.75~51.64粒,寿命减少1.75~2.84 d;内禀增长力(r_m)、净繁殖率(R_0)和周限增长率(λ)均显著降低,平均世代历期(T)和种群加倍时间(D_t)均显著延长。研究表明,吡虫啉亚致死剂量对日本通草蛉种群的增长具有抑制作用。 相似文献
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于室内条件下研究了亚致死浓度阿维菌素对荔枝叶螨种群发育的影响。采用Potter喷雾法测得阿维菌素对荔枝叶螨成螨的亚致死浓度（LC10和LC30）,并通过生命表方法研究了阿维菌素LC10和LC30浓度处理荔枝叶螨对其生长和繁殖的影响。结果表明:用阿维菌素LC10和LC30浓度处理荔枝叶螨后,与对照相比,其F0代产卵量分别减少79.16%和71.83%,雌成螨寿命亦均明显缩短。F1代幼螨期、产卵前期与对照相比均无显著差异,但卵孵化期、前若螨期、后若螨期均显著延长,其中LC30浓度处理后分别延长41.4%、39.4%和36.1%;F1代产卵量降低、产卵期缩短,其子代雌性比提高;F1代内禀增长率均降低,分别为0.127 3和0.075 8,而对照为0.132 3;世代平均历期缩短,种群倍增时间延长;净生殖率和周限增长率均降低。表明亚致死浓度阿维菌素对荔枝叶螨种群增长有一定的抑制作用。 相似文献
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为了明确高海藻糖和葡萄糖对豌豆蚜种群生命参数的影响,将两种色型豌豆蚜的3d若蚜,饥饿12 h后,连续人工饲喂4 d高浓度(50 mg/mL和100 mg/mL)海藻糖和葡萄糖后,转接到离体叶片中饲养,观察高海藻糖和葡萄糖对豌豆蚜生长发育的影响。结果表明,高浓度葡萄糖和海藻糖(100 mg/mL)会显著降低绿色型豌豆蚜种群净增殖率(R_0),2种糖浓度处理之间无显著差异(P>0.05)。红色型豌豆蚜在2种糖浓度为50 mg/mL的处理下R_0无差异。2种浓度葡萄糖喂食下,均能降低绿色型豌豆蚜种群内禀增长率(r_m)和周限增长率(λ);100 mg/mL葡萄糖和海藻糖处理显著提高了2种色型豌豆蚜体内葡萄糖含量;100 mg/mL海藻糖处理提高了绿色型豌豆蚜体内海藻糖含量。100 mg/mL葡萄糖处理显著降低了2种色型豌豆蚜体内海藻糖含量。其结果表明,高海藻糖和葡萄糖的处理使豌豆蚜体内海藻糖和葡萄糖含量有显著变化,R_0和r_m显著降低。说明高糖对豌豆蚜的种群数量有降低作用。在红绿两种色型比较中,红色型豌豆蚜比绿色型豌豆蚜更加耐高糖。 相似文献
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由于臭氧层消耗,南北半球中高纬度地区紫外线(UV-B)胁迫增强,为了探求增强的UV-B胁迫对红色型豌豆蚜生物学特性的影响,以期明确UV-B辐射在豌豆蚜种群演替和种下分化中的作用。本研究以40 W紫外线灯连续辐射处理红色型豌豆蚜8代,每代从初产若蚜开始每天处理1次,连续照射6d,分20、30、40、50和60min 5个处理,并设置白炽灯对照。结果显示,同一世代,随着UV-B辐射时间延长,豌豆蚜体长逐渐减短,体重逐渐减轻,净增殖率、内禀增长率、周限增长率逐渐减小,平均世代周期逐渐延长。同一UV-B辐射时间下,随着世代增加,豌豆蚜体长、体重、净增殖率、内禀增长率、周限增长率均呈先上升后显著下降的趋势,平均世代周期呈先下降后显著上升的趋势。至F8代,不同辐射时间下豌豆蚜平均体长为对照的42.58%~81.94%,平均体重为对照的33.77%~73.12%,净增殖率为对照的6.94%~46.55%,周限增长率为对照的77.00%~87.94%,平均世代周期为对照的1.20~1.38倍,内禀增长率降低,且50~60min处理下小于对照的1/2,种群数量增长放缓。以上说明长期UV-B胁迫对豌豆蚜的生长发育和种群增长最终都有抑制作用。 相似文献
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在实验室条件下研究了高效氯氰菊酯亚致死剂量LC10(43.44mg/L)(小菜蛾阿维菌素抗性种群)和LC10(12.61mg/L)(敏感种群)对小菜蛾阿维菌素抗性(AV-R)、敏感(AV-S)种群的亚致死效应。结果表明:高效氯氰菊酯亚致死剂量12.61mg/L处理小菜蛾阿维菌素敏感、抗性种群3龄幼虫后,处理组AV-S(SLC10)和AV-R(SLC10)的化蛹率、羽化率显著低于AV-S(ck)对照组,与AV-R(ck)对照组无显著性差异;用高效氯氰菊酯亚致死剂量43.44mg/L处理抗性种群3龄幼虫后,其处理组AV-R(RLC10)的化蛹率、蛹重、羽化率都显著低于对照组。AV-S(SLC10)组的单雌产卵量为176.45±36.11粒,显著高于对照组和处理的抗性种群,AV-R(SLC10)和AV-R(RLC10)组的单雌产卵量与对照组间无显著性差异,AV-S(SLC10)和AV-R(RLC10)组的产卵期明显缩短。AV-S(SLC10)组的内禀增长率(rm)、周限增长率(λ)和净增殖率(R0),显著高于对照和处理的抗性种群。结果表明高效氯氰菊酯亚致死剂量对小菜蛾阿维菌素敏感种群具有一定的刺激增殖作用。 相似文献
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采用微量滴度酶标板法测定了吡虫啉亚致死剂量对桃蚜乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)的影响。结果表明,用不同亚致死剂量吡虫啉处理桃蚜后AChE的活力明显降低,表现为抑制作用,且不同剂量间AChE的活力差异显著;酶动力学分析表明,AChE的Km值显著降低,而Vmax显著升高,表明吡虫啉亚致死剂量处理桃蚜后AChE与底物的亲和力明显增强,且最大反应速度显著加快。用LC10的吡虫啉处理桃蚜后AChE的活力随时间的延长而变化,且表现为明显的抑制作用;AChE的Km随时间的变化表现为先升高后降低的趋势,但Vmax均升高。此外研究了LC10的吡虫啉处理桃蚜后AChE在不同亚细胞层的分布特征,结果表明,AChE比活力的高低次序依次为:微粒体>细胞核与细胞碎片>线粒体>细胞质液;吡虫啉亚致死剂量处理后虽然没有影响AChE在亚细胞中的分布,但是却改变了对底物的亲和力和最大反应速度。 相似文献
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烯啶虫胺对褐飞虱的亚致死效应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
测定了烯啶虫胺亚致死浓度对处理当代褐飞虱及其子代生物学特性的影响。结果表明:与对照相比,烯啶虫胺亚致死浓度LC_(15)(0.011 mg/L)处理褐飞虱3龄若虫,其发育历期显著延长,成虫羽化率显著下降,单雌产卵量从226.6粒下降到176.4粒,产卵期也显著缩短;子代的发育历期比对照组显著缩短,而子代的产卵量、产卵期和成虫寿命均与对照组无显著差异。子代种群数量趋势指数与对照组也无明显差异。上述结果表明,烯啶虫胺亚致死浓度处理对当代褐飞虱生长发育和繁殖产生不利影响,子代发育历期缩短可能使褐飞虱存在一定的再猖獗风险。 相似文献
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氯虫苯甲酰胺对桃小食心虫生长发育的亚致死效应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为明确亚致死浓度的氯虫苯甲酰胺连续处理对第4代桃小食心虫生物学特性的影响,本研究用LC10、LC30和LC50的氯虫苯甲酰胺处理的苹果分别继代饲养桃小食心虫（简称LC10、LC30和LC50种群）。以第4代初孵幼虫为起点记录其各阶段发育历期、存活率和繁殖力等数据,研究氯虫苯甲酰胺对桃小食心虫的亚致死效应。结果表明,LC30和LC50种群桃小食心虫的卵期与对照（CK）种群相比明显延长; LC50种群桃小食心虫的蛀果率、脱果率、幼虫存活率、世代存活率以及单雌平均产卵量均显著低于CK种群; CK、LC10、LC30和LC50种群单雌平均产卵量分别为(183.67±10.39)、(177.66±14.81)、(147.83±14.54)粒和(126.33±11.29)粒。桃小食心虫LC30和LC50种群与CK种群相比,内禀增长率、净生殖率和周限增长率显著降低,平均世代周期和种群加倍时间延长,相对适合度降低。 相似文献
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Dhana Raj Boina Ebenezer O Onagbola Masoud Salyani Lukasz L Stelinski 《Pest management science》2009,65(8):870-877
BACKGROUND: Asian citrus psyllid (ACP), Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, transmits the causal bacteria of the devastating citrus disease huanglongbing (HLB). Because of the variation in spatial and temporal uptake and systemic distribution of imidacloprid applied to citrus trees and its degradation over time in citrus trees, ACP adults and nymphs are exposed to concentrations that may not cause immediate mortality but rather sublethal effects. The objective of this laboratory study was to determine the effects of sublethal concentrations of imidacloprid on ACP life stages. RESULTS: Feeding by ACP adults and nymphs on plants treated daily with a sublethal concentration (0.1 µg mL?1) of imidacloprid significantly decreased adult longevity (8 days), fecundity (33%) and fertility (6%), as well as nymph survival (12%) and developmental rate compared with untreated controls. The magnitude of these negative effects was directly related to exposure duration and concentration. Furthermore, ACP adults that fed on citrus leaves treated systemically with lethal and sublethal concentrations of imidacloprid excreted significantly less honeydew (7–94%) compared with controls in a concentration‐dependent manner suggesting antifeedant activity of imidacloprid. CONCLUSIONS: Sublethal concentrations of imidacloprid negatively affect development, reproduction, survival and longevity of ACP, which likely contributes to population reductions over time. Also, reduced feeding by ACP adults on plants treated with sublethal concentrations of imidacloprid may potentially decrease the capacity of ACP to successfully acquire and transmit the HLB causal pathogen. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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BACKGROUND: Pest resurgence following a pesticide application may occur owing to a stimulatory (hormetic) response to sublethal insecticide concentrations. The objective of the present study was to examine the potential for a greenhouse‐derived red clone of Myzus persicae to exhibit resurgence owing to a hormetic response following a systemic imidacloprid treatment in a bell pepper greenhouse. RESULTS: No differences in mortality and fecundity were observed among apterous adults exposed to sublethal imidacloprid concentrations on excised pepper leaves fed aqueous solutions of imidacloprid. Survival of first‐generation progeny was negatively affected by imidacloprid exposure, yet surviving progeny exhibited no differences in development rates or fecundity from progeny of adults unexposed to imidacloprid. Aphid mortality declined most rapidly in clip cages on pepper leaves at the top of the pepper canopy as compared with leaves present at the middle or bottom of the pepper canopy. CONCLUSION: Imidacloprid decays rapidly in mature pepper plants, resulting in sublethal concentrations in the upper canopy in as little as 4 weeks. Sublethal insecticide concentrations have been implicated in the resurgence of pest populations; however, exposure to sublethal doses of imidacloprid are unlikely to result in pesticide‐induced resurgence of the M. persicae aphid clone examined in this study. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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吡螨胺和哒螨灵亚致死剂量对截形叶螨的亚致死效应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过吡螨胺（tebufenpyrad）和哒螨灵（pyridaben）的亚致死剂量处理截形叶螨（Tetranychustruncatus Ehara）成螨和螨卵,研究了两药剂对实验种群的亚致死效应。结果表明：吡螨胺和哒螨灵处理后当代成螨的每雌日均产卵量均有不同程度的降低,日平均产卵量、卵孵化率均低于对照; F1的卵期、幼螨期、若螨期延长显著,净增殖率低于对照、内禀增长率和周限增长率与对照差异不大。两药剂处理卵后,卵期、幼螨期、若螨期延长,净增殖率低于对照。吡螨胺和哒螨灵的亚致死剂量处理截形叶螨成螨和螨卵都无刺激增殖的作用,能延缓种群的发育速度。 相似文献
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G Christopher Cutler Krilen Ramanaidu T Astatkie Murray B Isman 《Pest management science》2009,65(2):205-209
BACKGROUND: Resurgence of insect pests following insecticide applications is often attributed to natural enemy disturbance, but hormesis could be an alternative or additional mechanism. Green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer), is an important insect pest of many crops worldwide that may be exposed to sublethal insecticide concentrations over time. Here, the hypothesis that exposure to low concentrations of imidacloprid and azadirachtin can induce hormetic responses in M. persicae is tested in the laboratory. RESULTS: When insects were exposed to potato leaf discs dipped in sublethal concentrations of insecticide, almost all measured endpoints—adult longevity, F1 production, F1 survival and F2 production—were affected, and a statistically significant (P < 0.05) stimulatory response was recorded for F2 production following exposure to imidacloprid. No other measures for hormesis were statistically significant, but other trends of hormetic response were consistently observed. CONCLUSIONS: Given that variable distribution and degradation of insecticides in the field would result in a wide range of concentrations over time and space, these laboratory experiments suggest that exposure to sublethal concentrations of imidacloprid and azadirachtin could stimulate reproduction in M. persicae. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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BACKGROUND: Cycloxaprid with cis‐configuration is a novel neonicotinoid insecticide, developed in China, that has good industrialisation prospects for its high activity against imidacloprid‐resistant pests. Studies were carried out to investigate the biological activity of cycloxaprid and its effect on the feeding behaviour of Sitobion avenae. RESULTS: The results demonstrated that cycloxaprid had good contact and root‐systemic activity. The electrical penetration graph (EPG) revealed that cycloxaprid significantly increased the total time of non‐probing periods and greatly inhibited phloem ingestion of treated aphids because it significantly reduced the total time and the frequency of phloem ingestion. Furthermore, cycloxaprid can increase the phloem salivation of treated aphids by comparison with aphids treated with imdacloprid and distilled water. Consequently, a sublethal dose of cycloxaprid impaired aphid ingestion of phloem sap and thereby reduced the weight of aphids. On the other hand, EPG data showed that a sublethal dose of cycloxaprid had no significant effect on xylem sap ingestion, in contrast to imidacloprid. CONCLUSION: All these tests indicated that cycloxaprid had both contact and root‐systemic activity, with sublethal effects resulting in reduction in Sitobion avenae phloem‐feeding behaviour and growth rate. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献