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Abstract Extract Sir, — Leptospira interrogans serovar balcanica is now recognised as a widespread infection among opossums in New Zealand (2) and the possibility of domestic stock acting as accidental hosts has recently been demonstrated. (3) With the recent development of hardjo vaccines (1) (4) for controlling infection with this serovar in the maintenance hosts, stock could be left vulnerable to infection with other prevalent serovars such as balcanica. 相似文献
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M.P. Reichel 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(1)
Abstract Extract Neospora caninum is a major cause of disease in cattle and dogs, manifesting with abortions in cattle, and hind limb paresis in mostly young dogs (1) . Previous reports from New Zealand suggest that around 30% of bovine abortions may be due to Neospora (2) (3) and that about 40% of recently aborted dairy cows have antibodies against Neospora (4) . 相似文献
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Abstract In the June 1998 issue of the New Zealand Veterinay Journal, a clinical review was published focusing on aspects of the protein nutrition of dairy cattle (Westwood et al., 1998). The authors wrote: “Most species of rumen bacteria can use ammonia for growth, but some, particularly bacteria which ferment cell wall carbohydrates, use or have obligate requirements for amino acids and peptides (Russel et al., 1992)”. 相似文献
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H. Burbidge 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(3)
Abstract Extract It is always satisfying to attempt to explain the clinical signs of a disease from the altered physiology that occurs. In the article Neurogenic laryngeal paralysis in the dog(1) the clinical signs of laryngeal stridor, increased respiratory rate and exercise intolerance could be explained as follows: 相似文献
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Abstract Extract The paper by Goodwin et al (2004) which appeared in the August 2004 issue of the New Zealand Veterinary Journal highlighted the prevalence and costs to the sheep industry of pneumonia in lambs. The costs are considerable, and the article begs the question, “what can sheep farmers do to reduce the effects of pneumonia in lambs?” 相似文献
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Abstract Extract Recently, we reported on outbreaks of Leptospira interrogans serovar pomona infection in newly weaned lambs(1). It was suggested that wet environmental conditions played an important role in the pathogenesis of the disease in that class of sheep. This communication presents observations on another case of ovine leptospirosis, one that occurred under different circumstances, i.e. different season, age and environmental conditions. 相似文献
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Abstract Extract Neospora caninum is an apicomplexan protozoan parasite first reported in dogs (Bjerkås et al., 1984; Dubey et al., 1988a, Dubey et al., 1988b) and subsequently recognised as a cause of bovine abortion (Dubey and Lindsay, 1993). Natural N. caninum infections have been reported in other animal species including the goat, sheep, horse and deer (Dubey and Lindsay, 1996). The dog was recently identified as definitive host of the parasite (McAllister et al., 1998). Neospora caninum has a worldwide distribution (Barber et al., 1995; Duivenvoorden, 1995; Jardine and Wells, 1995; Stenlund et al., 1997; Thornton et al., 1991; Umemura et al., 1992) but the presence of N. caninum in Brazil has not been confirmed. 相似文献
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L. Ram J.Th. Schonewille A.Th. van't Klooster A.C. Beynen 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(4)
Abstract Magnesium absorption in ruminants is reduced by high potassium intakes (Fontenot et al., 1989), which might relate to a change in the transmural potential difference at the level of the rumen (Martens etal., 1987). In-vitro experiments with ruminal epithelium have shown that barium ions, which block potassium channels in cell membranes, alter the transepithelial potential difference when added to the mucosal side in the form of BaCl2, (Martens et al., 1987). Concentrations up to 4 mM Ba are used to block potassium channels in cell membranes. In the course of our studies on magnesium absorption in ruminants, we wished to alter the in-vivo transmural potential difference. To check whether BaCl2 would be a suitable tool, a test with two goats was carried out. 相似文献
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Abstract Extract Sir, — It appears that Drs Marshall et al.(1) have missed the cardinal point of our paper on an unusual serological response in calves after use of a leptospiral vaccine. (2) That point, of course, was that after use of one leptospiral vaccine, but not another, post-vaccination microscopic agglutination titres of calves were indistinguishable from post-infection titres, whatever the actual titres may have been. 相似文献
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Abstract Extract In New Zealand dairy cattle, the average gestation length is commonly accepted as 282 days. This is slightly longer than that reported in European and American studies of Jersey and Holstein or Friesian cattle (Anderson and Plum, 1965; O'Conner et al., 1968). A feature of these reports and previous New Zealand studies is the differing variation associated with the mean gestation lengths. Part of this may be due to sex, season, breed of sire, age of dam and unspecified herd effects, but is largely the result of excluding or including abnormal gestation periods. The criteria for determining normality have been rather arbitrary in most cases. Abnormally short and long gestation periods may result from disease or from incomplete data recording for conception dates. 相似文献
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Abstract Extract Most perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) plants in pastures in New Zealand contain a naturally occurring fungal endophyte, Neotyphodium lolii. Endophyte-infected perennial ryegrass produces alkaloids that vary in concentration during the year. Some alkaloids enhance the persistence and productivity of ryegrass pastures by protecting them against insect attack. However, when other alkaloids are consumed they can reduce animal performance and lead to health problems. The alkaloid lolitrem B, for example, causes the neuromuscular disorder ryegrass staggers (Fletcher et al 1999). Clinical symptoms of ryegrass staggers in animals range from slight muscular tremors through to staggering and complete collapse. Severely affected animals create management problems and are prone to accidental death. Outbreaks occur sporadically, particularly in summer and autumn and affect sheep, cattle, deer, horses, llamas (Lama glama) and alpaca (Lama pacos). Lolitrem B appears to be a stable compound, which tends to be concentrated in the leaf sheath at the base of the ryegrass plant and in the seed-heads (di Menna et al 1992; Keogh et al 1996). Hay made from endophyte-infected perennial ryegrass contains large numbers of seed-heads and lolitrem B concentrations can be high, especially if it is made in late summer or autumn and, consequently, animals fed such hay are at risk of developing ryegrass staggers. 相似文献
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Abstract Extract Madam;–The results of field trials of a live parainfluenza virus type3(PI3)vaccine suggested that(PI3)might not be the only virus involved in the initiation of outbreaks of pneumonia in lambs in New Zealand,(5)The outbreaks that were not associated with infection with(PI3)could not be linked to infection with the other ovine respiratory viruses then known to be present in New Zealand (ovine adenovirus type 6 and the ovine variant of bovine adenovirus type 7)((1),(4),(5)suggesting that other unrecognised viruses might be involved. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of pneumonia in human infants and in cattle.(8)This virus has recently been isolated from a yearling ewe with mild rhinitis(6)and there is serological evidence of infection in adult sheep.(3),(6)However, there are no reports implicating this virus in outbreaks of pneumonia in lambs, although experimental infection of lambs with a bovine isolate of RSV resulted in reduced pulmonary bacterial clearance leading to secondary pneumonic pasteurellosis.(2) 相似文献
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R.D. Jolly B.V.Sc. Ph.D. 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(5):87-89
Abstract Extract Ovine toxoplasmosis is of importance in New Zealand where it is recognized as the most common cause of intrauterine infection leading to abortion and stillbirths (Hartley and Boyes, 1964). Although clinical disease is rare in humans, serological evidence shows a high incidence of subclinical infection with 50% of New Zealand adults over 40 years of age showing positive titres (Manning and Reid, 1956). There is, however, a paucity of information on the disease incidence in other species in this country. Hartley (1956) has recorded toxoplasmosis in dogs and fowls. Pneumonia in a pig associated with Toxoplasma gondii was described by Shortridge and Smith (1964) while, more recently, Shortridge (1968) noted two cases of feline toxoplasmosis. This present communication concerns an outbreak of acute toxoplasmosis in several piglets. 相似文献
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S.C. MacDiarmid 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(10):165-166
Abstract Extract Caprine arthritis encephalitis (CAE) is a disease of goats of any breed, sex and age, caused by a retrovirus related to, but distinct from, the maedi-visna virus which affects sheep.(4) (10) Both infections are included among the so-called slow virus diseases which are characterised by a long incubation period, protracted clinical course and persistent infection. Maedi-visna is not present in New Zealand but CAE has been detected in a number of goat flocks. 相似文献
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Abstract Extract Sir:– Recently, caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV) was isolated in New Zealand.(5) The virus induced syncytial cell formation in cell culture, budded from the cytoplasmic membrane of infected cells, was 80-100 nm in diameter, and reacted with both CAEV- and maedi/visna-positive antisera. We wish to present evidence that this isolate of CAEV has other biochemical characteristics of the Retroviridae. The two biochemical techniques used were the detection of 3H uridine-Iabelled virus and the assay for viral RNA-directed DNA polymerase (RDDP). 相似文献
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Abstract Extract Sir:— In the 12 months since the completion of the trials reported in this Journal(1) over 3000 doses of yohimbine have been used to reverse xylazine sedation in deer at Invermay and in field trials throughout New Zealand. During this time four deer have suffered transient convulsions characterised by tetanic spasms, paddling of the limbs, inability to stand and rapid nodding of the head. This was accompanied by rapid blinking of the eyelids and grinding of the teeth. These signs abated in 5 to 10 minutes after which time the deer relaxed and regained its ftet in 10 to 20 minutes. In the 30 minutes prior to yohimbine administration these deer had received a single injection of xylazine (0.5 to 1.0 mg/kg) and on one occasion the xylazine was given in conjunction with Img of fentanyl and 8 mg azaperone (0.1 ml Fentaz). On each occasion the intention was to inject yohimbine at the recommended dose rate (1) (0.2 to 0.25 mg/kg) into the jugular vein and the convulsions commenced within five seconds of this injection. Normally it takes one to three minutes for reversal ofxylazine sedation to occur. Thus it is highly likely that these injections were intra- carotid, thereby resulting in a very high concentration of yohimbine in the cranial arteries. All four animals recovered and there were no apparent after effects. These convulsions occured more rapidly hut were less severe than those expcrienced with the combination of yohimbine and 4-aminopyridine reported in the earlier trail.(1) 相似文献
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Abstract Extract Madam:— In a clinical communication to your journal in 1985, Allworth et al. (1) described four outbreaks of dermatophilosis in five-month-old lambs grazing Brassica crops in wet humid conditions. The lesions were thick crusty accumulations of inflammatory exudate at the base of the fleece closely attached to the epidermis. Histologically, there was invasion of hair follicles by Dermatophilus, extensive accumulation of inflammatory exudate in the dermis and lifting of the epidermis from the dermis in severely affected areas. 相似文献
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Abstract A Short Communication was published in the October 2002 issue of the New Zealand Veterinary Journal entitled “An investigation of the safety of oral calcium formate in dairy cows using clinical, biochemical and histopathological parameters” (McIntyre and Weston 2002). It appeared to be comparing results directly withthose of a prior communication (Scott and Van Wijk 2000). 相似文献