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1.
《（《农业科学与技术》）编辑部》2008,(4)
[Objective] The research aimed to lay a foundation for the screening of cell lines producing secondary metabolites of Brucea javanica(L.)Merr.[Method] The insecticidal activities of the extracts from branch and 3 different types of calluses of Brucea javanica(L.)Merr.was detected through methods of leaf disc and potted seedlings against the diamond back moth.[Result] Extracts from four kinds of Brucea javanica(L.)Merr.tissues assumed both the activities of antifeedant and oviposition deterrency against the diamond back moth.Antifeedant effect of extracts was in turn the callus C< callus B< callus A< branches.Oviposition deterrency activity of the extracts was in turn the callus A> branch > callus B>callus C.The insecticidal activities of callus A and B were higher than that of the callus C.[Conclusion] The results show that insecticidal activity of callus and its growth rate is inversely proportional. 相似文献
2.
[Objective] The aim was to measure photosynthetic characters of SC 205, a cassava cultivar, and explore the relationships of the net photosynthetic rate(Pn) with physiological and ecological factors. [Method] The diurnal variations of photosynthesis in leaves of SC205 were studied by LICOR-6400 portable photosynthesis system, and the relationships of the net photosynthetic rate(Pn) with physiological and ecological factors were studied by simple correlation analysis and path analysis. [Result] The curve of diurnal variation of Pn showed single peak at 10:00 am at 24.07 μ mol CO2m2/s, without showing midday depression; the diurnal changes of stomatal conductance(Gs), transpiration rate(Tr), leaf temperature(Tl), air temperature(Ta) and photosynthetic active radiation(PAR) all showed single peak curves, and there were positive relationships of Pn with Gs, Tr, Tl, Ta and PAR. The diurnal variations of intercellular CO2concentration(Ci), atmospheric CO2concentration(Ca), relative humidity(RH) showed in a U-shape curve. There were highly significant positive correlation of Pn with Gs and PAR; the diurnal variation of Pn had highly significant negative correlations with Ci and Ca. The direct impact of physiological factors on Pn was as follows: CiGsTlTr, and the direct impact of ecological factors was RH PAR Ca Ta. [Conclusion] The research showed that Ci, Gs and Tr play very important roles in the changes of Pn among the physiological factors, and PAR and Ca affect the changes of Pn among the ecological factors. 相似文献
3.
鸦胆子愈伤组织提取物的杀虫活性研究(英文) 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8
[Objective] The research aimed to lay a foundation for the screening of cell lines producing secondary metabolites of Brucea javanica(L.)Merr.[Method] The insecticidal activities of the extracts from branch and 3 different types of calluses of Brucea javanica(L.)Merr.was detected through methods of leaf disc and potted seedlings against the diamond back moth.[Result] Extracts from four kinds of Brucea javanica(L.)Merr.tissues assumed both the activities of antifeedant and oviposition deterrency against the diamond back moth.Antifeedant effect of extracts was in turn the callus C< callus B< callus A< branches.Oviposition deterrency activity of the extracts was in turn the callus A> branch > callus B>callus C.The insecticidal activities of callus A and B were higher than that of the callus C.[Conclusion] The results show that insecticidal activity of callus and its growth rate is inversely proportional. 相似文献
4.
基于MATLAB研究油菜叶片的生长动态(英文) 总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15
[Ojective]The study aimed to simulate the growth dynamics of rapeseed leaves.[Method]Using nine rapeseed cultivars as experimental materials,the accumulation situation of rapeseed leaves was recorded and their growth dynamics were simulated by using MATLAB program.[Result]The leaf emergence rates of each genotype materials at different growth stages were determined to be:after spring>seedling stage>overwintering stage.All the related indices of the Logistic equation were higher than 0.976 7,commendably reflecting the growth dynamics of rapeseed leaves.[Conclusion]The study provided theoretical basis for the intelligentized cultivation and management and showed the practical guiding significance for the production of high quality rapeseed. 相似文献
5.
4种不同品种石榴的叶表皮特征电镜扫描观察(英文) 总被引：6，自引：4，他引：2
[Objective] The research aimed to provide reference for classification of pomegranate cultivars and studies of genetic relationship among pomegranate cultivars.[Method] The electron microscope scanning was used to comparatively observe leaf epidermal structures of 4 pomegranate cultivars.[Result] The upper epidermal structures of 4 pomegranate cultivars were similar and showed reticular structure .However, the differences existed in lower epidermis,such as cell shape,cell size and arrangement mode of cell as well as stomatal density,while the structures of leaf vein in lower epidermis of 4 pomegranate cultivars were similar.[Conclusion] The research provided morphological references for studying heterosis of pomegranate to some extent. 相似文献
6.
Plant Regeneration by Callus-Mediated Protocorm-Like Body Induction of Anthurium andraeanum Hort. 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This research aims at developing a plant regeneration system from leaf and petiole explants of Anthurium andraeanum Hort., thereby establish a foundation for mass production and transformation. Using tissue culture technique, the conditions for callus induction, protocorm-like body （PLB） formation and plant regeneration from leaf explants and petiole of A. andraeanum, such as basal medium and plant growth regulator, were investigated. Totipotent callus was induced on a 1/2-strength MS medium containing 0.90 μmol L^-1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid （2,4-D） and 8.88μmol L^-1 N6-benzyladenine （BA）. The callus exhibited complete hormone autonomy for growth and differentiation of PLBs. This callus proliferated well and was maintained by subculturing on 1/2 MS medium containing 0.90 μmol L^-1 2,4-D and 4.44 μmol L^-1 BA. On average, 8 protocorm-like bodies could be obtained from a piece of 4 mm callus after being transferred to the 1/2 MS medium with 4.44 μmol L^-1 BA after 8 wk of culture. The regenerated PLBs formed shoots and roots on 1/2 MS medium. After 24 wk of culture on these medium, well-developed plantlets for potting were produced. An efficient micropropagation method was established for indirect PLB formation and plant regeneration from leaf and petiole ofA. andraeanum. 相似文献
7.
Preliminary Study on the Photosynthetic Characteristics of Super Hybrid Rice P88S/0389 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
ZHANG Ji-zhen MENG Wei-dong CAO Sai DENG Xiao-feng .Key Laboratory of Chinese Ministry of Education for Tropical Biological Resources Hainan University Public Experiment Center of Hainan University Center for Experimental Biotechnology of Hainan University Haikou .Research Institute of Foodstuff Crop HAAS Haikou .Biotechnology 《（《农业科学与技术》）编辑部》2008,(4)
[Objective] The aim of this study is to understand the high yield often photosynthetic mechanism of super hybrid rice P88S/0389.[Method] Chlorophyll and carotenoid contents were measured via the method of Wellburn and Lichtenthaler,and the photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were measured using portable photosynthesis system.Through comparison of above measured indices between P88S/0389 and its parents,the photosynthetic characteristics were obtained.[Result] The pigment content of P88S/0389 lied between their parents,and detailedly was closer to its female parent at earlier growth stage and to its male parent at latter stage,respectively.The Pn,Fv/Fo,Fv/Fm and qP of the flag leaf of P88S/0389 were all higher than those of its parents,while the degradation rates of these parameters were slower than those of its parents.The qN of flag leaf was lower than those of its parents,and the increasing rate of qN of P88S/0389 was also slower than those of its parents,indicating the great heterosis of P88S/0389 to its parents in photosynthetic capacity.The data show that P88S/0389 is endowed with stronger capacities in light energy absorption,transformation and carbon fixation compared to its parents.[Conclusion] The light energy absorbed by hybrid mainly contributes to photochemical reaction,and little for heat dissipation.For ensuring high yield,the rice cultivars selected for production should synchronously possess higher photosynthetic rate and longer high value duration. 相似文献
8.
超级稻P88S/0389光合特性初探(英文) 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
[Objective] The aim of this study is to understand the high yield often photosynthetic mechanism of super hybrid rice P88S/0389.[Method] Chlorophyll and carotenoid contents were measured via the method of Wellburn and Lichtenthaler,and the photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were measured using portable photosynthesis system.Through comparison of above measured indices between P88S/0389 and its parents,the photosynthetic characteristics were obtained.[Result] The pigment content of P88S/0389 lied between their parents,and detailedly was closer to its female parent at earlier growth stage and to its male parent at latter stage,respectively.The Pn,Fv/Fo,Fv/Fm and qP of the flag leaf of P88S/0389 were all higher than those of its parents,while the degradation rates of these parameters were slower than those of its parents.The qN of flag leaf was lower than those of its parents,and the increasing rate of qN of P88S/0389 was also slower than those of its parents,indicating the great heterosis of P88S/0389 to its parents in photosynthetic capacity.The data show that P88S/0389 is endowed with stronger capacities in light energy absorption,transformation and carbon fixation compared to its parents.[Conclusion] The light energy absorbed by hybrid mainly contributes to photochemical reaction,and little for heat dissipation.For ensuring high yield,the rice cultivars selected for production should synchronously possess higher photosynthetic rate and longer high value duration. 相似文献
9.
Response and adaptation to the accumulation and distribution of photosynthetic product in peanut under salt stress 
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下载免费PDF全文 ZHANG Guan-chu DAI Liang-xiang DING Hong CI Dun-wei NING Tang-yuan YANG Ji-shun ZHAO Xin-hua YU Hai-qiu ZHANG Zhi-meng 《农业科学学报》2020,19(3):690-699
To clarify the response and adaptability of peanut under salt stress, Huayu 25 was used as the material, and non-salt stress(CK), 0.15% salt stress(S1), and 0.3% salt stress(S2) were applied as three treatments. The study analysed the effects of salt stress on photosynthetic characteristics, photosynthetic substances accumulation and distribution as well as the ecological adaptability of peanuts. The results showed that net photosynthetic rate(Pn), SPAD value, leaf area, and peanut yield were reduced under salt stress. Pn in CK was 13.71 and 28.72% higher than that in S1 and S2 at the 50 th day after planting, respectively. At the same growth period, the SPAD value among treatments was ranked as follows: CKS1S2. The 100-pod mass, 100-kernel mass, kernel rate to pod, and pod mass per plant were reduced under salt stress, and the trend was CKS1S2. The distribution proportion of dry matter in different organs of peanut plant was changed to adapt to such stress. Roots under salt stress intensively distributed in a 0–40 cm soil layer for salt resistance. Dry mass proportion in stems and pods increased during the vegetative stage and early period of reproductive stage, respectively. The maximum growth rates of the pod volume, pod dry weight, and seed kernel dry weight all declined, and the pod and kernel volume at harvest were reduced, improving the seed plumpness under salt stress. This finding could be useful in growing peanut in saline soil. 相似文献
10.
《农业科学学报》2017,(1)
The aim of this study was to evaluate the growth of rape(Brassica napus L.) seedlings under different light intensities to select appropriate conditions for cultivation in an indoor system.Seedlings were grown under different light intensities of red and blue light provided by light-emitting diodes(LEDs) and their self-adjustment ability and changes in leaf microstructure were evaluated.Light was supplied by red LEDs with peak wavelengths of 630(R_1) and 660 nm(R_2) and by blue LEDs(B) with a peak wavelength of 445 nm(the light intensity ratio of R_1:R_2:B was 3:3:2),at intensities of 400(R_1R_2B400),300(R_1R_2B300),and 200 μmol m~(-2)s~(-1)(R_1R_2B200).Natural solar light served as the control(C).Plant height,stem diameter,root length,leaf area,and dry weight of rape seedlings gradually increased with increasing light intensity.The seedlings in the R_1R_2B400 treatment grew more vigorously,while those in the R_1R_2B200 treatment were weaker.The photosynthetic pigment contents did not differ significantly between the R_1R_2B400 treatment and C,but were significantly lower in the R_1R_2B300 and R_1R_2B200 treatments.The highest intercellular CO_2 concentration,stomatal conductance,and transpiration rate were in the R_1R_2B300 treatment.The highest photosynthetic rate was in the R_1R_2B400 treatment,and was related to more compact leaves,thicker and tidier palisade and spongy tissues,and well-developed chloroplasts.In contrast,the seedlings in the R_1R_2B200 treatment had disordered mesophyll cells,round chloroplasts,and fractured and fuzzy grana lamellae,all of which inhibited plant growth.In conclusion,the seedlings in the R_1R_2B400 treatment had well-developed leaves,which favored photosynthesis.Compared with the light intensities below 300 μmol m~(-2)s~(-1),the light intensity of 400μmol m~(-2)s~(-1) provided by a combination of red and blue LEDs was beneficial for cultivating strong and healthy rape seedlings in an artificial system. 相似文献
11.
4种类型茅苍术生长的比较 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
[目的]比较不同类型茅苍术的光合速率及生长情况。[方法]根据叶片的形状,将茅苍术分成锯齿叶型、椭圆叶型、长椭圆叶型以及尖叶型4种类型。用LI-6400便携式光合仪分别测定自然环境下4种类型茅苍术光合速率,并定期测定茅苍术地上部分的生长参数(茎粗、株高、单株叶面积),再用Logistic方程拟合得到茅苍术对数生长期某一天的这些参数增长量。[结果]4种叶型茅苍术的光合速率分别为锯齿叶型20.2μmol/(m2.s)、椭圆叶型18.96μmol/(m2.s)、长椭圆叶型15.6μmol/(m2.s)、尖叶型17.6μmol/(m2.s),可见锯齿叶型茅苍术的光合速率高于其他3种叶型;Logistic方程拟合曲线表明,锯齿叶型的茅苍术地上部分生长速率在0.01水平上显著快于其他类型。[结论]该研究为进一步研究茅苍术育种问题奠定了一定的理论基础。 相似文献
12.
13.
[目的]研究黄花蒿生殖期光合特性。[方法]采用Li-6400便携式光合作用系统测定生殖期黄花蒿叶片的有关光合参数。[结果]黄花蒿生殖期的光合日变化曲线呈双峰型,峰谷之间差别不大。生殖期黄花蒿叶片仍有较强的光合作用,一天中最大净光合速率为22.60μmol/(m2.s)。生殖期黄花蒿叶片的光饱和点为800μmol/(m2.s)左右,光补偿点为21.98μmol/(m2.s),表观光量子效率为0.046;其CO2饱和点应不低于1600μmol/mol,CO2补偿点为70.37μmol/mol,羧化效率为0.053。[结论]生殖期黄花蒿叶片存在较缓和的"午休"现象,此期较强光合作用的绿叶仍能为黄花蒿花的发育及种子生长提供一定的物质和能量。生殖期黄花蒿叶片适应一定的荫蔽环境。 相似文献
14.
不同间伐方式对苹果光合指标的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
[目的]研究不同间伐方式对苹果叶片光合指标的影响。[方法]以特拉蒙苹果为试材,研究3种不同间伐方式对苹果叶片光合指标的影响。[结果]不同间伐处理对净光合速率、胞间CO_2浓度、羧化效率和水分利用效率的影响较大,间伐处理各光合指标的季节变化均优于对照。隔行间伐更能提高果园的通透性,其最高净光合速率达11.30μmol/(m~2·s),最高胞间CO_2浓度为127.46μmol/mol,最高羧化效率为0.087 mol/mol,最高水分利用效率为6.12μmol/mol。[结论]该研究为进一步提高苹果栽培的优质丰产水平提供理论和实践依据。 相似文献
15.
[目的]探讨不同坡位黄柳光合与蒸腾的日变化规律,明确不同坡位黄柳光合生产与蒸腾耗水的关系。[方法]以冀北沙荒坡地黄柳沙障为研究对象,采用LI-6400光合测定仪,测定不同坡位黄柳光合、蒸腾及其光合有效辐射、气温、叶面温度的日变化,并以光合、蒸腾速率计算水分利用效率日变化数据。[结果]不同坡位黄柳光合速率(Pn)日变化有差异。下坡黄柳光合日变化为双峰曲线。中坡光合为下降曲线。上坡黄柳光合日变化呈现曲折下降趋势。下坡黄柳光合速率日最大值、日均值分别为0.340和0.220μmol/(m2·s);中坡黄柳光合速率日最大值、日均值分别为0.290和0.210μmol/(m2·s);上坡黄柳光合速率日最大值、日均值分别为0.350和0.220μmol/(m2·s)。[结论]研究结果为提高冀北沙漠化土地黄柳防风固沙功能及其黄柳资源的合理利用提供了理论依据。 相似文献
16.
[目的]研究不同生草制度对雪青梨光合特性的影响,选择适合雪青梨行间种植的草种。[方法]以雪青梨为试材,利用CIRAS-2便携式光合作用测定系统测定了4种生草制度下,雪青梨的净光合速率变化和光合作用日变化。[结果]雪青梨的净光合速率（Pn）日变化呈单峰型,不同生草制度下雪青梨的Pn不同,行间种植三叶草处理的雪青梨叶片的Pn最高,为11.08μmol/（m^2·s）,其次为黑麦草,为10.48μmol/（m^2·s）,清耕条件下最低,为9.28μmol/（m^2·s）;不同生草模式下清耕的气孔阻止值最大（0.349 5）,黑麦草的最小（0.234 8）;三叶草的水分利用率最大（2.848）,清耕的最小（2.048）。[结论]该研究为梨树果园行间生草大面积的推广提供了理论依据。 相似文献
17.
[目的]为艳桢桐在我国的引种驯化、栽培及开发利用提供依据。[方法]选取引种栽培于中国科学院华南植物园繁育中心及展览区内的艳桢桐为研究对象,研究其形态学特征、解剖学结构、生理生态学特征及营养成分。[结果]在栽培条件下,日间平均光合速率为3.31μmol/（m^2.s）;日变化呈单峰曲线,无明显午休现象;气孔导度为0.085mol/（m^2.s）,蒸腾速率为2.30mmol/（m^2.s）,水分利用效率为1.44μmol/mmol。艳桢桐对营养元素的利用率较高,植株体内加权平均养分含量为N1.45%、P0.32%、K0.66%、Na0.02%、Ca3.84%、Mg0.14%,其中叶片中N、P、K、Mg含量最高,根中Na含量最高,茎中Ca含量最高。艳桢桐生长速度快,攀附及适应环境能力强;栽培中应适时浇水及补充生长所需的N、P、K等矿质元素,以维持植株生长所需的水分和养分平衡。[结论]艳桢桐喜温暖湿润、光照较好的环境及肥沃的酸性土壤,也耐贫瘠,适合在我国热带亚热带地区引种栽培。 相似文献
18.
[目的]为制定完善的彩叶草栽培养护管理措施提供科学的依据。[方法]以5个彩叶草品种为试材,利用CB-1102便携式光合蒸腾仪对光合特性进行比较。[结果]彩叶草净光合速率（Pn）日变化为典型的双峰曲线,Pn日变化受气孔限制因素的影响较小,主要取决于非气孔因素。彩叶草光合作用对光照强度（PAR）水平变化的响应均可以用二次方程来描述。彩叶草光补偿点（LCP）为28～164μmol/（m2.s）,光饱和点（LSP）为1 707～1 920μmol/（m2.s）。[结论]在栽培生产中,应选择光照充足的地方种植彩叶草。 相似文献
19.
金线莲驯化过程中光照强度(PPFD)对生长及光合速率的研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
[目的]研究光照强度对驯化过程中金线莲生长的影响。[方法]把金线莲器内苗分别在光照强度为20、50、100、150、200μmol/(m2.s)、光周期为16 h/d、温度为(25±2)℃的条件下,驯化培养3个月。[结果]结果表明,在50μmol/(m2.s)的光照强度下植株的鲜重和干重都最重,净光合速率最高。强光照强度降低叶绿素的含量,PSⅡ最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)随着光照强度的增高而减弱。[结论]在光照强度强时金线莲诱发光抑现象,导致生长缓慢。50μmol/(m2.s)为驯化时最适光照强度。 相似文献
20.
[目的]为保护和开发盐桦提供依据。[方法]以1年生盐桦为试验材料,研究了叶片光合参数的日变化。[结果]晴天时净光合速率日变化为不对称的双峰曲线,最大值出现在上午10：00前后,为11．1773μmol／（m^2·s）,第2个峰值出现在16：00～17：00,为10．1551μmol／（m^2·s）．盐桦蒸腾作用的最大值出现在16：00时前后,为7．3952μmol／（m^2·s）,气孔导度与净光合速率日变化趋势相似。光合有效辐射达到1600μmol／（m^2·s）以后,盐桦幼树叶片光舍速率仍有增加：盐桦叶温与气温的日变化趋势一致,呈单峰曲线型,峰值出现在14：00,最高叶温达39℃,在11：00～13：00气孔导度与胞间CO2浓度也同步下降,15：00之后,气孔导度下降而胞间CO2浓度的上升。[结论]盐桦是比较喜光的树种。 相似文献