共查询到10条相似文献，搜索用时 312 毫秒
1.
桃小食心虫寄主生物型的初步研究 总被引：9，自引：2，他引：9
桃小食心虫不同的寄主生物型适应于各自寄主的物候期、果实形态和质地等，而在生活习性上表现出明显差异。在室内适宜温湿度条件下枣和酸枣桃小食心虫越冬幼虫出土始期和高峰期分别比苹果桃小食心虫晚８天和２０多天，田间成虫发生期也约晚２０天。恒温条件下前两者的前蛹期＋蛹期都比后者短。３种寄主生物型的成虫产卵位置、幼虫蛀果、脱果位置及在果内生活时间各不相同。酸枣桃小食心虫体形较小，但３种寄主生物的雄蛾外生殖器尚无 相似文献
3.
应用苹果蠹蛾线虫防治荔枝拟木蠹蛾的研究 总被引：13，自引：1，他引：13
荔枝拟木蠹蛾(Arbela dea Swinhoe)是荔枝、龙眼等热带、亚热带果树及林木的常见害虫,其幼虫蛀茎或枝条成坑道,夜出啃食树的韧皮部为害。1988—1989年,作者应用苹果蠹蛾线虫(Steinernema carpocapsae A24)1—8×10~3条/ml水悬浮液,注射进荔枝拟木蠹蛾的坑道或喷雾至隧道,防治面积1500亩(100ha),防效达89%—100%,有效地压低了荔枝拟木蠹蛾在这地区的为害,是一种经济的、有效的生物防治手段。 相似文献
4.
Wise JC Kim K Hoffmann EJ Vandervoort C Gökçe A Whalon ME 《Pest management science》2007,63(8):737-742
In this study the authors employed the plant-insect-chemistry (PIC) triad to investigate two novel life stage targets against the plum curculio (PC), Conotrachelus nenuphar (Herbst), in apple integrated pest management (IPM). Laboratory treated apple bioassays were used to determine if the insect growth regulator (IGR) insecticides novaluron and tebufenozide have physiological effects on PC larvae following adult exposure. Curative activity bioassays were conducted for IGR, neonicotinoid, oxidiazine and organophosphate insecticides on PC larvae post-infestation, and fruit penetration profiles of insecticides were developed. The results revealed that novaluron exhibits activity on PC larvae via vertical transmission following exposure of mated females to treated substrate. Surface treatments of azinphos-methyl, thiacloprid and thiamethoxam to preinfested fruit resulted in significant reductions in larval emergence. For all compounds, 50% or more of the total recovered active ingredient was from apple skin, and for azinphos-methyl, indoxacarb and thiamethoxam it was greater than 80%. For azinphos-methyl, novaluron, methoxyfenozide and thiacloprid, however, active ingredient was recovered from every section of the apple, from skin to core. Implications for twenty-first century IPM are discussed. 相似文献
5.
Rosemarie Tedeschi Pavel Lauterer Lorenzo Brusetti Federica Tota Alberto Alma 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2009,123(3):301-310
Hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna) is one of the natural hosts of Cacopsylla melanoneura, the acknowledged vector of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma mali’, the causal agent of Apple Proliferation disease, a serious and growing problem for apple production in
Europe, particularly in northern Italy. Wild plants could be important sources of both insects and phytoplasmas, but their
role in the epidemiology of phytoplasma diseases and their insect vectors has never been thoroughly examined. Cacopsylla melanoneura’s primary host is hawthorn, a plant closely related to apple which often grows wild near orchards. Other psyllid species
feed on hawthorn, but no data are available on their possible role as phytoplasma vectors. We investigated the hawthorn’s
psyllid fauna in northwestern Italy using yellow sticky traps, beat trays, and molecular analyses from 2003–2005, to study
the relationship between hawthorn, the phytoplasma and the insect vector. Population dynamics were monitored, and insects
and hawthorn samples were analysed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), and
DNA sequencing for the presence of phytoplasmas. Cacopsylla melanoneura was the dominant psyllid species, followed by C. peregrina, C. affinis and C. crataegi. PCR and RFLP analyses revealed the presence of different fruit tree phytoplasmas in hawthorn plants, and in all four psyllid
species. 相似文献
6.
昆虫病原线虫泰山Ⅰ号是小杆目异杆线虫科异杆线虫属(Heterorhabditis)线虫。1984年5月,自山东泰安苹果园土壤及桃小食心虫(简称桃小)(Carposina niponensis Walsingham)圆茧分离获得。在长江以北地区分离到这种昆虫寄生性线虫还未见有报道。其生活史包括两个世代,即卵生世代(短世代)和卵胎生世代。25℃温度下完成整个生活史需9天时间。它与一种无色杆菌(Xencrhabdus)互惠共生,线虫进入昆虫体腔便释放出其共生菌,引起昆虫败血病,48小时内导致寄主死亡。尸体变红并发出较强的生物光。本文主要报道其生活史、形态、共生菌、人工繁殖方法及对桃小的致死效果。 相似文献
7.
Ascospores of Mycosphaerella pomi, the pathogen of Brooks fruit spot of apple, were produced in pseudothecia on previously infected and overwintered apple leaves from late April through early August in Aomori Prefecture, Japan. In June 2003, the ascospores were germinating and producing Cylindrosporium-type conidia on apple fruit and leaf surfaces in an orchard. After ascospores were sprayed on apple leaves, Cylindrosporium-type conidia developed on the leaf surfaces. Such Cylindrosporium-type conidia caused typical symptoms of Brooks fruit spot on apple trees after inoculations. These results suggested that the Cylindrosporium-type conidia also serve as an infection source, in addition to the ascospores, for Brooks fruit spot in apple orchards. 相似文献
8.
喷雾法施用线虫大面积防治荔枝拟木蠹蛾 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
荔枝拟木蠹蛾(Arbela dea Swinhoe)是南方荔枝、木麻黄等主要的钻蛀害虫,作者利用拟木蠹蛾昼伏夜出的习性,用大蜡螟幼虫诱测和回收喷雾荔枝拟木蠹蛾粪道上的线虫(Steinernema carpocapsae Agriotos),不同温度、不同粪道大小对线虫存活影响的测试结果表明,应用1×10~3/ml线虫剂量喷雾拟木蠢蛾挂在树上的粪道,粪道上便有足够数量的线虫和时间使寄主感染。1995年喷雾法施用线虫防治荔枝拟木蠹蛾260hm~2,防治效果在85％～100％,平均为94.28％,有效地压低了田间的虫口密度。解决了树冠嫩枝受害后人工难以注射及倒置斜垂坑道的虫口防治效果差的矛盾,也使利用病原线虫防治害虫这一有效的生物防治手段更容易为果农所接受。 相似文献
9.
Mehmet Karagoz Baris Gulcu Canan Hazir Harry K. Kaya Selcuk Hazir 《Phytoparasitica》2009,37(2):153-159
The entomopathogenic nematodes Steinernema weiseri, S. feltiae, S. carpocapsae and two strains of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, isolated from Turkish soils, were evaluated against larvae of the Mediterranean fruit fly (medfly) Ceratitis capitata in plastic cups under laboratory conditions with sandy loam soil and 10% moisture level. At a rate of 100 infective juveniles (IJs)/cm2, the last instar larvae of C. capitata were susceptible to the entomopathogenic nematodes: the S. feltiae 09-31 strain recovered from Aydin provided 78% mortality, whereas S. weiseri and S. carpocapsae killed 50% and 56% of the larvae, respectively. Both strains of H. bacteriophora species caused less than 50% mortality. Except for S. feltiae, the majority of infected medflies died as prepupae or pupae within the puparia. More than 90% larval mortality was recorded
at 200 and 400 IJs/cm2 for S. feltiae. None of the nematode isolates infected the medfly pupae within the puparia. In pot experiments containing soil, S. feltiae caused 96% and 97% mortality at 100 and 200 IJs/cm2, respectively. In pot experiments with grass present, more than 94% mortality was obtained in the presence of grass roots. 相似文献