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1.
Objective – To describe the use of continuous electroencephalographic (EEG) monitoring for management of status epilepticus (SE) in dogs and cats. Design – Retrospective study. Setting – University teaching hospital. Animals – Ten patients (7 dogs, 3 cats) with SE of differing etiology (idiopathic epilepsy, n=3; toxicity, n=4; meningoencephalitis, n=2; undefined, n=1). Interventions – The EEG was recorded continuously from 5 stainless‐steel needle electrodes inserted SC. Animals were treated with diazepam and phenobarbital followed by either propofol (n=3) or pentobarbital (n=7) as a continuous rate of infusion. Measurements and Main Results – Clinical seizures stopped after induction of anesthesia in each animal. The EEG, however, still showed distinct epileptiform patterns (spikes, polyspikes) in all animals. Paroxysms were suppressed by increasing the infusion rate of either pentobarbital or propofol. A burst‐suppression pattern was achieved in 5 animals. EEG epileptiform activity reappeared in 4 animals when attempting to taper the dose after >6 hours of anesthesia. This was interpreted as ongoing EEG seizure activity and an increased risk for clinical seizures, and the anesthetic dosage was adjusted accordingly. Conclusion – Continuous EEG monitoring appears to be a useful tool for therapeutic monitoring of SE in dogs and cats. It allows the detection of EEG seizures without the appearance of clinical seizures. Further investigations with blinded investigators and homogeneous animal groups to define therapeutic endpoints are warranted.  相似文献   

2.
In this study, we investigated whether pretreatment cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) neurotransmitter concentrations of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate (GLU) were correlated with response to phenobarbital treatment in dogs with primary epilepsy. Eleven untreated dogs, 6 males and 5 females, with a median age of onset of seizures of 3 years (range: 0.5-5 years) were selected for therapy based on progressive or serious seizure patterns. The median interval between the first observed seizure and start of phenobarbital therapy was 485 days (range: 101-1,765 days). All dogs were purebred, with the exception of I male dog. Oral phenobarbital was started at 2.5 mg/kg every 12 hours. Trough serum phenobarbital concentrations were measured at 15, 45, 90, 180, 360, 540, and 720 days after the start of treatment. There was no difference in the mean trough serum concentration or in the mean number of seizures recorded between each time period of phenobarbital measurement over the 2-year evaluation. No correlation was found between CSF GLU, GABA, or GLU: GABA ratio and the total number of seizures recorded before or after initiation of phenobarbital therapy. Lower CSF GABA concentration, however, was correlated with a lower seizure frequency difference (the total number of seizures before phenobarbital therapy minus the total number of seizures after phenobarbital therapy for an identical time period of evaluation) and lower percentage reduction in seizures: ([total number of seizures before phenobarbital therapy minus the total number of seizures after phenobarbital therapy] divided by the total number of seizures before phenobarbital therapy) x 100. There was no correlation between CSF GLU and the seizure frequency difference and percentage reduction in seizures. A negative correlation between the CSF GLU:GABA ratio and seizure frequency difference was found. Thus, dogs with an initial lower CSF GABA concentration before phenobarbital therapy did not respond as well as did dogs with a higher CSF GABA concentration.  相似文献   

3.
Status epilepticus developed in four dogs, 2 to 3 days after ligation of an extrahepatic portosystemic shunt. Pentobarbital or phenobarbital intravenously was required to control seizure activity. Two dogs treated with phenobarbital recovered. Exacerbation of hepatic encephalopathy secondary to metabolic changes after surgery may be a cause of this syndrome. A treatment protocol for status epilepticus after ligation of a portosystemic shunt is proposed.  相似文献   

4.
Twelve dogs and one cat that were presented with seizures due to various disorders of intracranial origin were treated with one or several boluses of propofol (2 to 8 mg/kg). All the animals had received previous medication, including diazepam alone or in combination with phenobarbital and/or pentobarbital. Seizure control with prevention of further convulsions was achieved in 11 patients. In one dog, seizures kept recurring after periods of successful control following administration of propofol. Another dog with continuing seizures resistant to barbiturate therapy died following administration of propofol. This retrospective study suggests that propofol may be an effective drug in controlling status epilepticus resistant to conventional medication and may be used as an alternative to pentobarbital administration.  相似文献   

5.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate outcomes after attenuation of extrahepatic portosystemic shunts in dogs using surgical silk. DESIGN: Retrospective study. PROCEDURE: Case records were reviewed for degree of surgical attenuation, experience of the primary surgeon, perioperative mortality and problems related to persistent portosystemic shunting or shunt ligation. Presence of portosystemic shunting after surgery was evaluated by ammonia tolerance testing, measurement of postprandial serum bile acid, plasma urea and cholesterol concentrations and liver enzyme activity. The influence of age, postocclusion portal pressure, primary surgeon, degree of attenuation and postoperative biochemical findings on the occurrence of postoperative problems was assessed. RESULTS: The mortality rate was 2.1%. Shunt attenuation was complete in 34% and partial in 66% of dogs. Portal hypertension necessitating ligature removal was encountered in only one dog. Five dogs experienced neurological abnormalities (seizures or ataxia), possibly as a manifestation of 'postligation seizure syndrome'. Postoperative liver function was normal in 78% of dogs, including 70% with partial shunt attenuation. Experience of the surgeon was related positively to outcome after partial attenuation (P = 0.002). Postoperative biochemical evidence of abnormal liver function was the most sensitive predictor of recurrence of clinical signs referable to persistent portosystemic shunting. CONCLUSIONS: In the hands of an experienced surgeon, surgical attenuation of single extrahepatic shunts was safe and effective, even in animals with partial attenuation. Most dogs with biochemical evidence of persistent shunting suffer relapse of clinical signs within 18 months of surgery. Postligation neurological syndromes of variable intensity may be more common than previously thought.  相似文献   

6.
Bromide Therapy in Refractory Canine Idiopathic Epilepsy   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  
On a retrospective basis, the response to adding chronic oral bromide (BR) to phenobarbital (PB) administration in 23 refractory canine idiopathic epileptics between 1986 and 1991 was studied. The mean age for an observed first seizure was 24 months (range 7 to 72) for all dogs. Thirteen (57%) dogs were males with no breed predisposition observed. All dogs were diagnosed as having idiopathic epilepsy based on normal metabolic and neurologic diagnostic evaluations. Dogs were evaluated before BR therapy for a mean time of 22 months (range 5 to 75 months). Seventeen dogs (74%) received multiple antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) before BR therapy. All animals were maintained on PB at least 4 months before the onset of BR therapy, with a mean trough serum concentration of 37.8 mcg/mL and no improvement in seizure severity or recurrence. Twelve dogs presented with generalized isolated seizures and 11 with generalized cluster seizures (two or more seizures within 24 hours) as their first seizure. The effects of BR therapy were evaluated for a mean time of 15 months (range 4 to 33), with 17 dogs (74%) followed for 12 or more months. The mean BR serum concentration for the 0 to 4 months time period was 117 mg/dL compared with 161 mg/dL for the greater than 4 months period. Overall, response to BR therapy was associated with a reduction in the total number of seizures in 83% of the dogs when compared with their respective pre-BR period. For those followed for 1 year after BR, there was a 53% reduction in the number of seizures compared with the previous 12 months. Furthermore, owners reported a decrease in seizure intensity (65% of dogs) and change to a less severe seizure type (22% of dogs) in those dogs that continued to have seizures. Seizure-free status was obtained in 26% of the dogs with protection continuing up to 31 months in one dog. No correlations could be determined between response to BR and either age of onset of the first seizure or interval from the first AED therapy to BR therapy. Adverse effects of concomitant BR and PB therapy were polydipsia (56% of dogs), polyphagia (30% of dogs), excessive sedation (30% of dogs), and generalized ataxia (17% of dogs). As a result of BR treatment, the PB dosage was reduced in eight dogs (35%). In conclusion, concomitant BR and PB was well tolerated in dogs of this study and was effective in treating refractory canine idiopathic epilepsy, regardless of prior interval of seizure activity or previous treatment. (Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 1993; 7:318–327. Copyright © 1993 by the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine.)  相似文献   

7.
O bjectives : Investigation of the efficacy of zonisamide as an add-on therapy in dogs with refractory epilepsy.
M ethods : Thirteen dogs fulfilled the inclusion criteria of poor seizure control despite adequate serum levels of phenobarbital, potassium bromide or both. One further dog was treated with zonisamide as monotherapy because of severe blood dyscrasia due to phenobarbital treatment. Various seizure parameters were evaluated retrospectively for a four month period without zonisamide and prospectively for the same time period under zonisamide add-on therapy. The study time period was extended by up to 17 months to evaluate long-term outcome.
R esults : Data of 11 dogs could be evaluated: nine of them were responders. The median reduction of seizure frequency of all dogs on zonisamide add-on therapy was 70 per cent (range 14 to 100 per cent). Only transient central nervous system side effects were reported. No further increase of liver enzymes occurred. In three of the responder dogs, seizure control subsided after individual time periods (between 69 days and seven months).
C linical S ignificance : In dogs with refractory epilepsy, zonisamide may have a beneficial effect on seizure control. In three responder dogs, seizure activity relapsed possibly because of an induction of tolerance. Limiting factors are the high costs.  相似文献   

8.
The effect of four anesthetic protocols on splenic size in dogs   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  
Objective To characterize the effects of four anesthetic protocols on the size of the spleen during surgery in dogs. Study design Prospective experimental trial. Animals Twenty‐four beagle dogs, 1.1 ± 0.3 years of age and weighing 10.9 ± 2.7 kg. Methods Dogs were allocated to receive one of four anesthetic protocols: 1 – pre‐medication with acepromazine and butorphanol, induction with thiopental; 2 – pre‐medication with acepromazine and butorphanol, induction with propofol; 3 – pre‐medication with medetomidine and butorphanol, induction with propofol; and 4 – pre‐medication with medetomidine and butorphanol, induction with ketamine and diazepam. Anesthesia was then maintained with halothane. At laparotomy, the spleen length, width, and height were measured, these were measured again just prior to closure of the abdomen. Splenic area and volume were calculated. Hematocrit and total serum protein (TSP) were measured before and after induction and during laparotomy. Results Splenic volume was greatest after protocol 4 (161.2 ± 40.2 cm3; p < 0.05) and was least after protocol 2. The differences in volume were because of differences in length, width, and height between groups. There was no significant change in area, length, or width over the study period. Hematocrit decreased significantly in all dogs but at different times. The decrease occurred after pre‐medication if acepromazine was administered, at induction following protocol 3 and during surgery following protocol 4. Conclusions If splenic volume is to be minimized during surgery, then acepromazine and propofol should be used in the anesthetic protocol. The administration of medetomidine, diazepam, and ketamine will produce a greater splenic volume. Lack of correlation between hematocrit and spleen size following the anesthetic protocols studied suggests sequestration of red blood cells in nonsplenic sites.  相似文献   

9.
Fifteen dogs with idiopathic epilepsy were included in a 9-month clinical trial to determine the therapeutic serum concentrations of primidone and its active metabolites, phenobarbital and phenylethylmalonamide. Dogs with a seizure frequency greater than 1/mo or with a record of multiple seizures greater than 1/day were chosen for the study. Each dog was given primidone 3 times daily at dosages intended to maximize seizure control and to minimize undesired side effects. Maintenance period blood samples were taken from fasted dogs 7 hours after dosing in the 3rd, 5th, 7th, and 9th months of the trial to determine therapeutic serum concentrations of primidone and its metabolites. Two blood samples also were taken from all dogs 7 hours after dosing, during an enforced drowsy period, to establish upper limits of desirable serum concentrations of the drug. Seizure frequencies during the trial were controlled in 13 dogs, 7 of which had no seizures during the 9-month trial. The mean percentage reduction in seizure frequency from pretrial frequency was 85%. Two dogs appeared refractory to primidone therapy. Serum phenobarbital was the best metabolite of primidone to use to assess therapeutic serum concentrations. The therapeutic antiepileptic serum concentration of phenobarbital was found to be between 25 and 40 micrograms/ml of serum. Serum phenobarbital concentrations greater than 40 micrograms/ml resulted in side effects in most dogs.  相似文献   

10.
The use of diazepam per rectum (RDZ) in the home to control generalized cluster seizures in 11 dogs diagnosed with idiopathic epilepsy was evaluated over a 16-month period. All dogs had a prior history of clusters of generalized seizures and were treated with multiple antiepileptic drugs. Owners were instructed to administer diazepam injectable solution (5 mg/mL) per rectum to their dogs at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg when an initial generalized seizure occurred and when a second or third generalized seizure occurred within 24 hours of the first seizure. Seizure activity was recorded by owners in a daily log before the onset of RDZ use and for the duration of RDZ use, which ranged from 57 to 464 days (median = 157 days). The median age at which the first seizure occurred and the median age at the time of enrollment in the study were 19 and 42 months, respectively. All 11 dogs were treated with phenobarbital, with 10 dogs receiving concomitant bromide therapy. No significant correlation between the duration of the first, second, or third antiepileptic drug therapy and the change in the number of cluster seizure events before or after use of RDZ was found. Comparisons of seizure activity were done for the same time interval before and after the onset of RDZ availability. A significant decrease in the total number of seizure events and the total number of cluster seizures events was found after RDZ availability. Similarly, a significant difference in the average number of seizures per cluster seizure event and the total number of isolated seizure events occurred before and after RDZ therapy. Eight of the 11 dogs (73%) that received RDZ for 1 or more times after the first or second seizure had a 100% success rate in prevention of further seizure activity after the first dose. In 3 dogs, success and compliance rates were both equal at 100%, thus suggesting 100% efficacy of RDZ in blocking further seizure activity over the next 24 hours in these dogs. Owners had a large cost-savings because of the decrease in emergency clinic visits after initiating treatment with RDZ. Before RDZ use, the average number of emergency clinic visits was 3, with an average cost of $308 per dog. After RDZ use, the average number of emergency clinic visits was 1, with an average cost of $81 per dog. The results of this study suggest that RDZ may be an effective method of home treatment of generalized cluster seizures in dogs with idiopathic epilepsy, regardless of prior antiepileptic drug history.  相似文献   

11.
ObjeCTIVE: To evaluate a total intravenous anaesthetic technique in dogs undergoing craniectomy. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective clinical study. ANIMALS: Ten dogs admitted for elective surgical resection of rostro-tentorial tumours. METHODS: All dogs were premedicated with methadone, 0.2 mg kg(-1) intramuscularly 30 minutes prior to induction of anaesthesia. Anaesthesia was induced with propofol administered intravenously (IV) to effect, following administration of lidocaine 1 mg kg(-1) IV and maintained with a continuous infusion of propofol at < or =0.4 mg kg(-1) minute(-1) during instrumentation and preparation and during movement of the animals to recovery. During surgery, anaesthesia was maintained using a continuous infusion of propofol at 相似文献   

12.
The effect of premedication with four different intramuscular doses of medetomidine (5.0,10.0, 20.0 and 40.0 μg.kg-1) and a saline placebo were compared in a group of six adult beagle dogs anaesthetised with propofol on five separate occasions. Anaesthesia was induced 30 minutes after premedication and maintained by intravenous injection and continuous infusion of propofol. The effects of medetomidine were reversed with atipamezole 30 minutes after anaesthetic induction. The marked synergistic effects of medetomidine with propofol were demonstrated by a dose related reduction in the induction and infusion requirements for a similar degree of anaesthesia. The effect appeared exponential in nature; lower medetomidine doses produced a disproportionately greater effect.
The maintenance of anaesthesia with propofol following a saline placebo or low doses of medetomidine proved to be difficult. Higher doses of medetomidine required less propofol for induction and infusion and allowed a more stable anaesthesia to be maintained. Propofol produced no statistically significant change in heart rate during infusion. Changes in respiratory rate were markedly group specific. A significant reduction in respiratory rate was seen in dogs given either 5 μg.kg- or 10 μ-g.kg-1 medetomidine. No change was recorded in dogs given 20 /μg.kg-1 medetomidine and a significant increase was seen in dogs given 40 μg.kg-1 medetomidine. Recovery was monitored following the termination of propofol infusion after the reversal of medetomidine using atipamezole at five times the medetomidine dose. Recovery was slower for dogs given lower doses of medetomidine and consequently higher doses of propofol.  相似文献   

13.
OBJECTIVE:To determine whether results of histologic examination of hepatic biopsy samples could be used as an indicator of survival time in dogs that underwent surgical correction of a congenital portosystemic shunt (PSS). DESIGN: Retrospective case series. ANIMALS: 64 dogs that underwent exploratory laparotomy for an extrahepatic (n = 39) or intrahepatic (25) congenital PSS. PROCEDURES: All H&E-stained histologic slides of hepatic biopsy samples obtained at the time of surgery were reviewed by a single individual, and severity of histologic abnormalities (ie, arteriolar hyperplasia, biliary hyperplasia, fibrosis, cell swelling, lipidosis, lymphoplasmacytic cholangiohepatitis, suppurative cholangiohepatitis, lipid granulomas, and dilated sinusoids) was graded. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to determine whether each histologic feature was associated with survival time. RESULTS: Median follow-up time was 35.7 months, and median survival time was 50.6 months. Thirty-eight dogs were alive at the time of final follow-up; 15 had died of causes associated with the PSS, including 4 that died immediately after surgery; 3 had died of unrelated causes; and 8 were lost to follow-up. None of the histologic features examined were significantly associated with survival time. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Findings suggested that results of histologic examination of hepatic biopsy samples obtained at the time of surgery cannot be used to predict long-term outcome in dogs undergoing surgical correction of a PSS.  相似文献   

14.
OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the use of a portocaval venograft and ameroid constrictor in the surgical management of intrahepatic portosystemic shunts (PSS). STUDY DESIGN: Prospective, clinical study. Animal Population: Ten client-owned dogs with intrahepatic PSS. METHODS: Portal pressure was measured after temporary suture occlusion of the intrahepatic PSS. In dogs with an increase in portal pressure greater than 8 mm Hg, a single extrahepatic portocaval shunt was created using a jugular vein. An ameroid ring was placed around the venograft and the intrahepatic PSS was attenuated. Transcolonic pertechnetate scintigraphy was performed before surgery, 5 days after surgery, and 8 to 10 weeks after surgery. Dogs with continued portosystemic shunting were evaluated further by laparotomy or portography. Clinical outcome and complications were recorded. RESULTS: Mean (+/- SD) portal pressure increased from 6 +/- 3 to 19 +/- 6 mm Hg with PSS occlusion; in all 10 dogs, the increase in portal pressure was greater than 8 mm Hg. There were no intraoperative complications, and, after creation of the portocaval shunt, the intrahepatic PSS could be completely ligated in 8 of 10 dogs. The final portal pressure was 9 +/- 4 mm Hg. Postoperative complications included coagulopathy and death (1 dog), ascites (3 dogs), and incisional discharge (3 dogs). Five of 8 dogs had continued portosystemic shunting at 8 to 10 weeks after surgery. Multiple extrahepatic PSS were demonstrated in 4 of these dogs. Clinical outcome was excellent in all 9 surviving dogs. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The surgical technique resulted in a high incidence of multiple extrahepatic PSS. Short-term clinical results were promising, but long-term outcome must be evaluated further.  相似文献   

15.
Background: In dogs with congenital portosystemic shunts (CPSS), the ability of the hypoplastic liver to grow is considered important for recovery after surgical shunt attenuation.
Objectives: This study investigated hepatic growth after extrahepatic shunt attenuation in dogs using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT).
Animals: Ten client-owned dogs with single extrahepatic CPSS.
Methods: Abdominal MRI, CT, or both were performed before and 8 days, 1, and 2 months after shunt attenuation. Liver volumes were calculated from the areas of the MRI or CT images.
Results: Before surgery, median liver volume was 18.2 cm3/kg body weight. Liver volume increased significantly after surgery. Growth was highest between days 0 and 8 and decreased afterward. Median liver volume was 28.8 cm3/kg at 2 months after attenuation. No significant differences in growth were found between dogs with complete or partial shunt closure or between dogs with complete or incomplete metabolic recovery. Volumes measured from consecutively performed MRI and CT images correlated well ( r = 0.980), but volumes from MRI images were significantly larger than volumes from CT images (6.8%; P = .008).
Conclusion and Clinical Importance: After shunt attenuation, rapid normalization of liver size was observed. Hepatic growth was not decreased in dogs after partial closure of CPSS or in dogs with subclinical, persistent shunting 2 months after surgery. CT is the preferred imaging method for volumetric estimation because of speed.  相似文献   

16.
The cardiopulmonary, anesthetic, and postanesthetic effects of an IV infusion of the hypnotic agent propofol were assessed in 6 Greyhounds and 7 non-Greyhounds. After IM injection of acetylpromazine and atropine, a bolus injection of propofol sufficient to allow endotracheal intubation (mean +/- SEM = 4.0 +/- 0.3 mg/kg of body weight in Greyhounds; 3.2 +/- 0.1 mg/kg in non-Greyhounds) was administered, followed by continuous infusion at a rate of 0.4 mg/kg/min for 60 minutes, during which time dogs breathed 100% oxygen. In 23% of all dogs (3 of 13), apnea developed after initial bolus administration of propofol. Arterial blood pressure was well maintained in all dogs, but heart and respiratory rates were decreased significantly (P less than 0.05) during the infusion in Greyhounds. In Greyhounds, mild respiratory acidosis developed after 45 minutes, whereas arterial carbon dioxide tension was increased at all times after propofol administration in non-Greyhounds. In all dogs, PCV and total plasma proteins were unaffected by propofol. Rectal temperature decreased during treatment. Muscle tremors were observed in approximately 50% of dogs (in 3 of 6 Greyhounds and 3 of 7 non-Greyhounds) during and after infusion of propofol. Non-Greyhounds lifted their heads, assumed sternal recumbency, and stood 10 +/- 1, 15 +/- 3, and 28 +/- 5 minutes, respectively, after the end of the infusion; in Greyhounds, the corresponding times were 36 +/- 4, 43 +/- 6, and 63 +/- 7 minutes.  相似文献   

17.
A study was undertaken to evaluate owners' perception of the effect that epilepsy and long-term phenobarbital therapy had on the quality of pet and owner lifestyle. Selected owners who participated in a prospective, longitudinal clinical epilepsy study were sent a questionnaire at the end of the two-year study. Inclusion criteria were dogs with a history of seizures without previous medical attention or therapy by any veterinarian before enrolment, subsequent determination of seizure aetiology using a standardised diagnostic protocol and treatment with phenobarbital for a minimum period of six months. A relatively equal distribution of the respondents' dogs had a determined (secondary, 47 per cent) or undetermined (primary, 53 per cent) seizure aetiology, and the vast majority of owners agreed that they would choose to treat their epileptic pet again rather than opt for other alternatives. Most owners disagreed that their pet was leading a poor quality of life after the start of phenobarbital therapy. A significant negative correlation existed between an owner's perception of the pet's quality of life and the amount of work required to care for the pet during the two-year study period. This study demonstrates that many owners are willing to care for epileptic dogs on long-term phenobarbital treatment, regardless of the underlying cause.  相似文献   

18.
Background: A special form of epileptic seizures (ES) is the life-threatening condition of status epilepticus (SE), which requires immediate and specific treatment based on a correct diagnosis of the underlying disease condition.
Hypothesis/Objectives: The objectives of this retrospective study were to determine prevalence of ES and SE in dogs presenting at a veterinary teaching hospital, to identify the etiology and relative risk (RR) for SE in general and at the onset of seizures. Furthermore the outcome for dogs suffering from SE was to be evaluated.
Animals: Three hundred and ninety-four dogs that were admitted to a veterinary teaching hospital (January 1, 2002 to March 31, 2008) with ES.
Methods: All medical records of dogs with ES were identified by screening the clinical documentation system and evaluated for inclusion in this retrospective study.
Results: Dogs with reactive seizures caused by poisoning had a significantly higher risk of developing SE ( P < .001; RR = 2.74), particularly as 1st manifestation of a seizure disorder ( P = .001; RR = 1.97). After SE, dogs with symptomatic epilepsy had a significantly lower probability of survival than dogs with idiopathic epilepsy ( P < .001) and reactive ESs ( P = .005).
Conclusion and Clinical Importance: In dogs showing SE as the 1st manifestation of a seizure disorder, intoxication should always be considered and appropriate investigations undertaken. Dogs with SE owing to toxicosis have more favorable outcomes than dogs with symptomatic epilepsy ( P < .001).  相似文献   

19.
A multicentre retrospective study of dogs that underwent surgical attenuation of portosystemic communications (PSC) was conducted. These dogs were followed from three months after surgery to evaluate the long term effect of surgery on their life span, disease-free interval, and owner assessment of postoperative quality of life of the dogs. Seventy-five per cent of the dogs in this study had no long term postoperative recurrence of clinical signs. Of the 25 per cent of dogs that showed recurrent clinical signs, all but one had partial attenuation of the PSC. The location of the PSC was the only factor that correlated with whether the dogs were still alive. All owners were pleased with the postoperative quality of life of their dogs.  相似文献   

20.
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether phenobarbital treatment of epileptic dogs alters serum thyroxine (T4) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) concentrations. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. ANIMALS: 78 epileptic dogs receiving phenobarbital (group 1) and 48 untreated epileptic dogs (group 2). PROCEDURE: Serum biochemical analyses, including T4 and TSH concentrations, were performed for all dogs. Additional in vitro analyses were performed on serum from healthy dogs to determine whether phenobarbital in serum interferes with T4 assays or alters free T4 (fT4) concentrations. RESULTS: Mean serum T4 concentration was significantly lower, and mean serum TSH concentration significantly higher, in dogs in group 1, compared with those in group 2. Thirty-one (40%) dogs in group 1 had serum T4 concentrations less than the reference range, compared with 4 (8%) dogs in group 2. All dogs in group 2 with low serum T4 concentrations had recently had seizure activity. Five (7%) dogs in group 1, but none of the dogs in group 2, had serum TSH concentrations greater than the reference range. Associations were not detected between serum T4 concentration and TSH concentration, age, phenobarbital dosage, duration of treatment, serum phenobarbital concentration, or degree of seizure control. Signs of overt hypothyroidism were not evident in dogs with low T4 concentrations. Addition of phenobarbital in vitro to serum did not affect determination of T4 concentration and only minimally affected fT4 concentration. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Clinicians should be aware of the potential for phenobarbital treatment to decrease serum T4 and increase TSH concentrations and should use caution when interpreting results of thyroid tests in dogs receiving phenobarbital.  相似文献   

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