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1.
茄科蔬菜立枯丝核菌的融合群鉴定 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Sixty-five samples were collected from rhizosphere soil, hot pepper and tomato plants showing damping-off, root rot and stem rot in Taian, Shouguang of Shandong province and Zhouzhi, Taibai of Shaanxi province. Thirty-nine Rhizoctonia solani isolates were obtained from these samples. The results of anastomosis group (AG) identification and sequence analysis of 5.8S rDNA-ITS of the isolates showed that thirty-six isolates (92.3%) belonged to AG-4, while only three (7.7%) belonged to AG-5. The isolates of AG4 could further be divided into two subgroups of AG4-HG-Ⅰ and AG4-HG-Ⅲ. The 5.8S rDNA-ITS sequences of the selected isolates of the two subgroups had the 99%-100% identity with standard isolates of AG4-HG-Ⅰ and AG4-HG-Ⅲ (from GenBank). Among the analyzed isolates, AG4-HG-Ⅰ subgroup was the dominant with the frequency of 79.5%. Subgroup AG-4-HG-Ⅲ with the frequency of 12.8% was the second. This is the first report that subgroup AG4-HG-Ⅲ of R. solani isolated from Solanaceae vegetable crops in China. 相似文献
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云南香石竹立枯病病原的鉴定及致病性研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
27 Rhizoctonia solani isolates from carnation with damping-off symptoms were identified as anastomosis group AG-4 based on cultural characteristics and anastomosis in Yunnan.Sequence analysis of 5.8S rDNA-ITS of yx and tx presented 99% sequence similarity with AG-4 HGⅠtester isolate.Pathogenicity tests showed that isolates of AG-4 HG Ⅰ were pathogenic to carnation.This is the first record of damping-off of carnation caused by AG-4 HG Ⅰ in China. 相似文献
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Eight hundred twenty four nit mutants were induced from 73 strains of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vanillae, and classified into four phenotypes by their abilities to utilize different nitrogen sources. Among these mutants, 64.9% were characterized as nit 1, 24.3% as nit 3, 9.8% as nit M, 1.0% as nit X. Based on complementary pairing tests of different nit mutants on the medium MM, 44 isolates belonged to 8 different VCGs, 29 isolates were classified into single and different VCGs. These results indicated that there was significant VCG diversity in Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vanillae population. VCGs might be correlated with geographic origin of strains, but no close correlation was found between VCGs and pathogenicity. 相似文献
4.
2008年我国部分麦区小麦白粉病菌群体对温度的敏感性 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
The sensitivity of 113 isolates of wheat powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici) sampled from 6 provinces or cities in 2008 to temperature was tested by detached leaf segment method with setting up 5 different temperatures indoor. The results showed the mean ET50 (which represents the temperature that is required to obtain 50% of the maximum effect) of all isolates tested was 23.02℃. ET50 values of 17.70% isolates were more than 24℃. The highest and the lowest ET50 of isolates were 25.22℃ and 19.42℃, respectively. There were a certain differences for isolates sensitivity to temperature among different provinces or cites. It was also found that when temperature increased during 22-26℃, the latent period of isolates prolonged, and the latent period of different isolates was different at the same temperature, too. These results will provide a reference for the oversummering division of wheat powdery mildew, as well as the effect of climate to the disease. 相似文献
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上海地区草莓炭疽病病原鉴定 总被引：20，自引：2，他引：18
Seventeen isolates of strawberry anthracnose were obtained from Shanghai suburb. According to the temperature test for mycelial growth, these isolates were divided into two groups:one was strain CMf-04 with optimal temperature of 24℃, the other was including 16 strains with optimal temperature of 28℃, and most of which could produce sexual stage on PSA media, e.g. QPg-961. Conidia of CMf-04 were hyaline, unicellular, straight and fusiform, (12.1-16.4) μm×(3.6-5.4) μm. Conidia of QPg-961 were hyaline, unicellular and ovoid to oblong, (13.0-19.7)μm×(4.1-7.3) μm. On basis of morphologcal, biological characteristics and the sequences of ribosome rDNA ITS, isolate CMf-04 from the strawberry rotten fruits was identified as Colletotrichum acutatum; while all the other isolates from the diseased leaf stalks, runners and root crowns at strawberry plantlet propagation stage were belonged to Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. It proved that C. gloeosporioides was the main pathogen of the strawberry anthracnose in summer strawberry propagation fields in Shanghai and it is of significance for the breeding of resistant strawberry and its control. 相似文献
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进境澳大利亚油菜籽中茎基溃疡病菌的检测 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
41 fungal isolates with similar morphological characteristics to Leptosphaeria maculans were obtained by the deep-freezing filter paper method from 2100 seeds of Brassica napus imported from Australia.The isolate 8129-5 showed a slower growth on PDA at 20℃with growth rate of 2.8 mm/day.The colonies on PDA at 20℃ had an irregular or regular margin with white or grayish white compact aerial mycelium.No diffusible pigment was produced on PDA at 31℃ or in liquid Czapek-Dox media at 20℃.PCR detection showed that the isolate 8129-5 could be amplified by L.maculans-specific primers LmacF/LmacR and got expected product of 331 bp.The sequence analysis revealed that the ITS sequence of isolate 8129-5 had 99.8% identity with L.maculans.Pathogenicity of the isolate 8129-5 was confirmed on cotyledons of rape seed by artificial inoculation compared with typical symptom of L.maculans.Based on the morphological characteristics, PCR detection and the result of pathogenicity test, the isolate 8129-5 was identified as L.maculans. 相似文献
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水稻纹枯病菌毒素致病机理研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
Crude toxin of Rhizoctonia solani(RS-toxin) caused obvious damage to the cell of rice.The permeability of cell membrane changed and phosphorous permeated exterior when the sheath and leaves were treated with RS-toxin.After 12 hours treated with RS-toxin,chloroplast membrane was damaged and lamella was relaxed and swollen,with some cavities in the chloroplast.Treated with RS-toxin for 36 hours,the chloroplast was disassembled,other organelles became unclear and disappeared such as mitochondria,and some parts of the cell wall thinned and loosed.Treated with 10 times diluted RS-toxin,the chlorophyll content in the rice plants was reduced over 85%.With higher RS-toxin concentration and longer treatment time,the lower the chlorophyll content became. 相似文献
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Balsam pear bacterial wilt was observed in Nanning, Guangxi, China. Based on bacteriological identification, pathogenicity tests and 16S rDNA sequencing analysis, the pathogen was identified as Ralstonia solanacearum (Smith) Yabuuchi et al. This is the first report of R. solanacearum causing bacterial wilt on balsam pear in China. 相似文献
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The pathogen of Siraitia grosvenorii wilt was identified.Six strains were isolated from diseased plants of S.grosvenorii collected from Yongfu County in Guangxi.By using bacteriological identification,pathogenicity tests assay,16S rDNA sequence analysis,the S.grosvenorii wilt was caused by Ralstonia solanacearum.The results of pathogenicity and carbohydrate utilized test demonstrated that the pathogen belonged to race 1 and biovarⅢ of R.solanacearum. 相似文献
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Hyphal cell wall crude elicitor(CWE)of rice blast pathogen could induce hypersensitive response in tobacco and induce other nonhost plants to be resistant to other fungal pathogens.When corn was treated with CWE,they inhibited the infection of Exserohilum turcicum and Curvularia lunata,and when plants of capsicum and cucumber were treated with CWE,they inhibited the infection of Colletotrichum gloeospori-oides.CWE solution showed no bioactivity on spore germination and hyphal growth of the experiment fungi in vitro.Nonhost resistance induced by CWE to other fungal pathogens was not complete resistance.The induced resistant effect(IRE) increased as CWE concentration increased,however,IRE had somehow satura-ted concentration of CWE.Induced nonhost resistance by incompatible pathogen was quantitative to other compatible pathogens.The induced resistance was best at 2 or 3 d after CWE treatment,and then decreased.IRE was about 20 percent in 10 d after CWE treatment. 相似文献
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鸭粪中1株水稻纹枯病菌拮抗细菌的鉴定 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探索稻鸭复合生态系统抑制水稻纹枯病发生的作用机理,以从鸭粪中分离到的1株拮抗细菌A168对水稻纹枯病菌的拮抗效果进行了研究。测定了其对水稻纹枯病菌的拮抗作用及其抑菌谱;根据培养性状、形态特征、生理生化测定、扫描电镜观察及16S rDNA序列分析对其进行了鉴定;构建了包括其在内的13株相关种属菌株的系统发育树。A168菌株对水稻纹枯病有明显的拮抗作用,且对小麦赤霉病菌(Fusarium graminearum)、稻曲病菌(Ustilaginoidea virens)和油菜菌核病菌(Sclerotinia sclerotiorum)有抑制作用,抑菌谱广;A168菌体杆状,革兰氏染色阳性、芽孢中生、周生鞭毛、16S rDNA分析与其亲缘关系较近菌株Bacillus cereus(AJ577288.1)的同源性达99%,结合形态和生理生化特征,鉴定A168菌株为蜡状芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus),其16S rDNA序列已在GenBank中注册,登录号为GQ118339。A168为开发防治水稻纹枯病生防制剂提供了依据。 相似文献
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立枯丝核菌重寄生真菌的筛选 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
从捕食线虫的真菌中筛选到立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani)的8种重寄生真菌,即粉红粘帚霉(Gliocladium roseum),少孢节丛孢(Arthrobotrys oligospora),弯孢节丛孢(A.musiformis),贵州节丛孢(A.guizhouense),圆锥节丛孢(A.conoides),指状节丛孢(A.dactyloides),多孢节丛孢(A.superba),蠕虫状节丛孢(A.vermicola)。平板测试表明这8种重寄生菌能不同程度地影响立枯丝核菌的生长,减少菌核的形成数量。其中粉红粘帚霉的寄生力最强,可使菌核数减少58.67%,交叉菌落内几乎所有的立枯丝核菌菌丝被寄生。营养条件对重寄生有明显的影响,在低营养培养基CMA和WA上寄生程度严重,在营养相对较高的PDA和CSA上寄生程度较轻。太高的C:N (300:1)和太低的C:N (1:1,10:1)都不利于重寄生,只有适当的C:N (50:1,100:1)才有利于重寄生 相似文献
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中国中部5省(市)草坪禾草立枯丝核菌的菌丝融合群研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
2003~2005年,从我国冷季型草坪与暖季型草坪过渡地区的上海市、浙江省、山东省、河南省和陕西省草坪褐斑病的病株样本中,分离得到了43个立枯丝核菌分离物,其寄主包括多年生黑麦草(Lolium perenne)、高羊茅(Festuca arundina-cea)、草地早熟禾(Poa pratensis)、匍匐翦股颍(Agrostis palustris)、结缕草(Zoysia japonica)和狗牙根(Cynodon dactylon)。按照Parmeter等的方法对该过渡带的草坪禾草立枯丝核菌分离物进行了菌丝融合群的测定,结果表明,上述5省(市)草坪禾草立枯丝核菌的菌丝融合群包括AG1-1A、AG1-1B、AG2-1、AG2-2ⅢB、AG2-2Ⅳ、AG-4和AG-5。不同省份、不同寄主草坪禾草的菌丝融合群类型略有不同,主要融合群类型为AG-1和AG-2。AG1-1B和AG2-1是草坪上首次报道的立枯丝核菌融合(亚)群。 相似文献
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作为太阳光谱的一部分,到达地球表面的UV-B辐射有逐渐增加的趋势,影响地球生态系统。为揭示增强UV-B辐射对立枯丝核菌的影响,本文采用UV-B灯辐照处理病菌菌丝,并对菌丝生长、菌核形成,活性氧稳态和细胞壁降解酶进行分析。结果表明,增强UV-B辐射可导致供试菌株菌丝生长抑制、刺激菌核提早形成。处理菌株O-·2和H2O2的含量随处理时间的延长呈现不同程度的增加,其中U60处理较对照分别增加132.3%和71.3%;尽管SOD、APX、POD和CAT抗氧化酶活性也随处理时间增加而显著增强,但菌株MDA含量依然显著逐渐增加。同时,立枯丝核菌纤维素酶Cx、FPA的活性以及PG、PMG的活性均随辐射处理时间的延长而下降。此外,UV-B辐射处理菌株对高粱幼苗致病表型减弱。综上所述,增强的UV-B辐射打破立枯丝核菌体内活性氧稳态平衡,致使菌丝生长受到抑制,细胞壁降解酶活性降低,从而影响病菌致病性。 相似文献
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玉米衰老相关蛋白基因ZmSAP的克隆与表达分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani)诱导胁迫下玉米高耐纹枯病自交系幼苗叶片所构建的cDNA文库中获得的EST序列,通过电子克隆和RT-PCR方法,结合cDNA末端快速扩增技术,从玉米叶片中分离克隆到衰老相关蛋白基因的全长cDNA序列,命名为ZmSAP(GenBank登录号:GU253311)。序列分析表明,ZmSAP全长1156bp,包含一个完整的603bp的开放阅读框(ORF),具有连续的Poly A尾和典型的加尾信号AATTAA。ProtParam程序预测表明该基因编码200个氨基酸,相对分子量为21.92kD,等电点为10.38。该氨基酸序列与豌豆、挪威云杉、寄生藻等有不同程度的同源性且在不同物种间具有一个保守结构域,染色体定位发现该基因位于玉米第1条染色体上。荧光定量PCR分析表明,在高耐纹枯病自交系R15和高感纹枯病材料478中ZmSAP基因在病菌胁迫初期呈诱导表达,可能参与了病原菌诱导的细胞程序性死亡过程,说明该基因与纹枯病菌胁迫响应机制密切相关。 相似文献
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江苏大麦纹枯病菌的种类、分布及致病性的研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
从江苏11个地区采集的大麦纹枯病病株上分离到92个丝核菌分离物,经菌丝融合测试,分别属于禾谷丝核菌的CAG1、CAG4、CAG5、AGC1、AGE,以及立枯丝核菌的AG1-IA,AG1-IC、AG2-1和AG5等9个不同的菌丝融合群,各群分离物数依次为76(82、6%)、1、2、4、2、1、1、2和3个。它们在感病大麦品种LEGIA和中抗品种CI3906。1上的致病性反应表明:不同丝核菌种间、不同丝核菌的融合群间、来自不同地区及来自同一品种上的菌株间,其致病性差异达到极显著水平;而同种丝核菌不同融合群间和不同品种间的菌株致病力虽有差异,但不明显;总的来讲,禾谷丝核菌的CAG1群菌株致病力最强,且分布广泛,其它各群致病力由强到弱的排列顺序为:AG5、AG1-1A、AGE、AGC1、CAG4、AG1-1C、CAG5和AG2-1。 相似文献
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从高梁重病地块的病苗上,分离到立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani),串珠镰刀菌(Fusarium moniliforme),尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum),禾谷镰刀菌(Fusarium graminearum),罗氏白绢小菌核菌(Sclerotium rolfsii),瓜果腐霉菌(Pythiumaphanidermatum)6种真菌,其中以前三种的分离量比较大。致病性测定表明:立枯丝核菌的AG5是高梁苗病的病原菌,而其它5种分离菌只能造成微侵染,基本上不是致病菌,也不能促进立枯丝核菌对高梁幼苗的侵染。苗龄10-15天是从田间分离病菌的最好时期。多数表面消毒剂不适合立枯丝核菌的分离。不正常的温度、光照、湿度条件,容易导致错误的病原学结论,接近自然发病的条件的控制是研究病原学的关键。 相似文献