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本文记述了目前世界上认可的肾状线虫属Rotylenchulus sp.已知的10个种的重要鉴定特征、世界分布和寄主范围。这10个种包括越南肾状线虫R.anamictus,短管肾状线虫R.brevitubulus,北方贝肾状线虫R.borealis,短尾肾状线虫R.clavicaudatus,离异肾状线虫R.leptus,大囊肾状线虫R.macrodoratus,长肾状线虫R.macrosoma,微小肾状线虫R.parvus,肾形肾状线虫R.reniformis,甘蔗肾状线虫R.sacchari。 相似文献
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肾形肾状线虫（Rotylenchulus reniformis）是一种重要的蔬菜线虫,寄主范围和分布很广。本文根据形态学特征和形态测量将来自浙江省杭州市蔬菜上的肾状线虫群体鉴定为肾形肾状线虫,为浙江省首次报道。该群体的形态学特征及形态测量值与模式标本基本吻合,个别形态测量值(比值)有变异。通过对该肾形肾状线虫群体的rDNA中ITS区和编码28S RNA基因中的D2D3区的PCR扩增和序列测定,明确二序列长度分别为808 bp和786 bp;序列分析发现该群体ITS序列与肾形肾状线虫种内一些两性生殖群体的亲缘关系较近,同源性高达99.5%～100%,而与一孤雌生殖群体同源性为92.4%;编码28S RNA基因中的D2D3区与已报道群体的同源性达到99.4%,相似度较高;本研究还发现杭州肾形肾状线虫群体的寄主涉及11个科16个属的果蔬。 相似文献
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肾状线虫属重要种类的鉴定和特征描述 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
记述了目前世界上认可的肾状线虫属(Rotylenchulus sp.)已知的10个种的重要鉴定特征、世界分布和寄主范围。这10个种包括越南肾状线虫(R.anamictus)、短管肾状线虫(R.brevitubulus)、北方贝肾状线虫(R.borea-lis)、短尾肾状线虫(R.clavicaudatus)、离异肾状线虫(R.leptus)、大囊肾状线虫(R.macrodoratus)、长肾状线虫(R.macrosoma)、微小肾状线虫(R.parvus)、肾形肾状线虫(R.reniformis)和甘蔗肾状线虫(R.sacchari)。并对其最具经济意义的两种线虫的特征进行了描述。 相似文献
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万强加有机添加剂防治番茄肾形肾状线虫试验研究黎少梅，黄长安（华南农业大学线虫研究室广州５１０６４２）肾形肾状线虫（Ｒｏｔｙｌｅｎｃｈｕｌｕｓｒｅｎｉ－ｆｏｒｍｉｓ）是仅次于根结线央的为害蔬菜的重要病原线虫，该线虫能侵染１００多种植物，其中许多是蔬菜和... 相似文献
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福建省花生根部寄生线虫种类鉴定 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
从福建省花生(Arachis hypogaea Linn.)根部及根际土壤中共分离鉴定出11种植物寄生线虫:肾状肾形线虫(Rotylenchulus reniformis)、咖啡短体线虫(Pratylenchus coffeae)、饰环矮化线虫(Tylenchorhynchus annula-tus)、装饰小环线虫(Criconemella ornata)、双宫螺旋线虫(Helicotylenchus dihystera)、食菌茎线虫(Ditylenchusmyceliophagus)、蘑菇滑刃线虫(Aphlenchoides composticola)、燕麦真滑刃线虫(Aphelenchus avenae)、广东杆垫刃线虫(Rhabdotylenchus guangdongensis)、丝尾垫刃线虫(Filenchus sp.)和根结线虫(Meloidogyne sp.)。其中肾状肾形线虫、咖啡短体线虫、装饰小环线虫和根结线虫为花生的重要寄生线虫。 相似文献
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蔬菜肾形线虫的寄主范围和侵染特点 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
肾形线虫Reniforme nematode是为害蔬菜重要病原线虫之一,寄主范围广泛[1-4],分布普遍.通过在广州地区连续三年调查和室内接种试验得知,可寄生于11科29种蔬菜,寄生率高的有豆科、茄科和葫芦科中的各种蔬菜,其中苦瓜、节瓜、生菜、西洋菜、葱、蒜、姜等8种为首次报道。肾形线虫以年青雌虫从寄主植物幼根的伸长区侵入为害,一个侵染点常只有一条线虫侵染,侵染点周围细胞褐变。线虫在土壤中的垂直分布,主要在0—20cm耕作层。 相似文献
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昆虫病原线虫与体内细菌共生,专性寄生在昆虫体内,在害虫生物防治中发挥着重要作用。昆虫病原线虫致病性研究是其高效应用的基础,涉及线虫及其共生细菌对昆虫的交互作用。本文针对斯氏属和异小杆属线虫的致病因子及这类线虫与寄主昆虫互作机制进行了综述,为昆虫病原线虫的致病机制研究和应用提供参考。 相似文献
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粗茎秦艽Gentiana crassicaulis Duthie ex Burk.是一种重要的中药材, 近年来根结线虫病发生严重?为明确粗茎秦艽根结线虫病病原种类, 对其病原线虫进行种类鉴定, 以期为该病的防治提供理论依据, 采用雌成虫?2龄幼虫?会阴花纹形态特征及形态测量值进行形态学鉴定, 结合分子鉴定方法(比对rDNA-ITS和mtDNA-COⅠ序列?构建系统进化树, 序列特异性扩增区段比对)对病原线虫进行种类鉴定?结果表明, 该病原线虫雌成虫和2龄幼虫形态特征及测量值与北方根结线虫Meloidogyne hapla极为相似; 该病原线虫rDNA-ITS序列和mtDNA-COⅠ序列均与NCBI数据库中登录的北方根结线虫相似性达100%; 采用北方根结线虫特异性引物, 该病原线虫能扩增出1 500 bp的特异性条带, 与北方根结线虫特异性条带大小相同?上述结果表明, 云南省丽江市鲁甸乡粗茎秦艽根结线虫病的病原为北方根结线虫, 为首次发现北方根结线虫危害粗茎秦艽, 研究结果为进一步制定有效防治策略提供了理论依据? 相似文献
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ABSTRACT The reniform nematode, Rotylenchulus reniformis, is a serious threat to cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) production in the United States, causing an annual loss of about $80 million. The objective of this study was to isolate fungi from eggs of R. reniformis and select potential biocontrol agents for R. reniformis on cotton. We focused on the fungus Pochonia chlamydosporia because it suppresses root-knot and cyst nematodes and because preliminary data indicated that it was present in Arkansas cotton fields. Soil samples were collected from six cotton fields in Jefferson County, Arkansas. A total of 117 isolates of the nematophagous fungus P. chlamydosporia were obtained. In an in vitro test, 105 of the 117 isolates parasitized fewer than 15% of R. reniformis eggs, but 12 isolates parasitized between 16 and 35% of the eggs. These 12 isolates produced from 6.8 x 10(4) to 6.9 x 10(5) chlamydospores per gram of medium in vitro, and chlamydospore production was similar on rice grain and corn grain media. In two greenhouse experiments, a single application of isolate 37 (5,000 chlamydospores per gram of soil) significantly reduced the numbers of R. reniformis on cotton roots and in soil. The three isolates (37, 26, and 14) that parasitized the most eggs in vitro were also the most effective in suppressing numbers of R. reniformis and in increasing cotton growth in the greenhouse. 相似文献
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为明确河南省温县铁棍山药病原线虫种类,在温县铁棍山药种植区采集有明显症状的块茎进行线虫分离,观察线虫的雌、雄成虫的形态特征,并扩增rDNA的28S D2-D3序列对其进行分子生物学鉴定。结果表明,从山药块茎中分离出的根腐线虫形态学特征及测量指标与咖啡短体线虫Pratylenchus coffeae基本一致,其28S D2-D3序列与P.coffeae相似性达99.87%～100%。本研究明确了河南省温县地区铁棍山药根腐线虫为咖啡短体线虫,为山药线虫病的鉴别及防控提供了科学依据。 相似文献
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The effect of amended soil with rabbit, camel, poultry, quail, pigeon, horse, buffalo and duck manures to manage the rice root nematode, Hirschmanniella oryzae on Giza 171 rice plants, and effects of the first five manures in management of the reniform nematode, Rotylenchulus reniformis on Balady eggplants was studied under greenhouse conditions. All treatments significantly (p<-0.01) reduced final populations, rate of build-up and reproduction of both nematodes than in unamended soil. The reduction in such parameters greatly varied according to the type of the tested organic manure and the host plant. Generally, pigeon manure was highly effective against R. reniformis on eggplant followed by quail, poultry and rabbit manures, while camel treatment occupied the least potent manure. Consequently a corresponding statistical increase in eggplant growth resulted. As for managing H. oryzae on rice plants, buffalo dung was very potent inhibitor to its build-up followed by camel, horse, poultry, duck, quail, rabbit and pigeon manures. Percentages increase in the rice growth showed more values when applying duck and pigeon manures followed by quail, rabbit and buffalo. Horse dung improved, to some extent, the growth of rice plants although, none of the other organic manures succeeded in improving the rice plant growth. An explanation has been submitted to discuss the role of both pigeon droppings and buffalo dung on both R. reniformis on eggplant and H. oryzae on rice. This type of control of phytonematodes was considered economical, easy and pollution free. 相似文献
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通过形态学与分子生物学相结合的方法对引起甘肃省陇西县黄芩根结线虫病的病原种类进行了鉴定,并采用室内人工接种的方法测定其对黄芩的致病性。结果表明,从黄芩根系分离的根结线虫其形态特征及测量值与北方根结线虫Meloidogyne hapla基本一致。该线虫种群rDNA-ITS和28S rDNA D2/D3序列与NCBI数据库中的北方根结线虫序列相似性分别为99.60%和99.74% (rDNA-ITS: JX024147; 28S rDNA D2/D3: MW288147)。贝叶斯系统发育树显示,该线虫群体与其他北方根结线虫群体聚为一支,置信度在95%以上。利用北方根结线虫特异性引物Mh-F/Mh-R扩增并测序得到457 bp的特异性片段。因此,基于形态学结合rDNA-ITS、28S rDNA D2/D3序列和特异性片段长度,将黄芩根结线虫病病原鉴定为北方根结线虫M.hapla。接种该线虫后的黄芩生长缓慢,叶片黄化,40 d后须根上有明显的根结。经分离鉴定,致病群体为北方根结线虫。综上所述,甘肃省陇西县黄芩根结线虫病病原为北方根结线虫M.hapla,该线虫对黄芩具有较强的致病性,其繁殖系数为1.997。 相似文献
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湖南柑橘根结线虫种类鉴定及特异性PCR检测 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根结线虫病是严重危害湖南柑橘生产的主要病害,快速准确地进行病原线虫鉴定,从而制定针对性的防治措施,对柑橘产业的稳定发展至关重要。运用形态学和分子生物学技术对湖南永州地区柑橘根结线虫进行病原种类鉴定,确定其为番禺根结线虫Meloidogyne panyuensis。通过引物设计与筛选,建立了番禺根结线虫特异性PCR检测技术。结果表明,该检测方法特异性好,灵敏度高,操作简单,能有效地从多种根结线虫中特异性检测出番禺根结线虫,为柑橘病原线虫的快速检测鉴定提供技术支撑。 相似文献
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茶树链格孢叶斑病的病原鉴定 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
茶树是我国重要的经济作物,茶园叶病的流行会造成严重的经济损失。2017年10月到2018年1月从安徽、福建和湖北省茶区的9个茶树品种上采集代表性茶叶斑病叶,该病害的发病症状与由Colletotrichum spp.引起的茶炭疽病相似。采用组织分离法从发病叶片组织分离获得26株菌落形态一致的真菌分离物,显微镜观察结果显示,各菌株分生孢子的产生方式和形态特征相似。为进一步明确菌株的分类地位,选取2株来自安徽庐江和宣城地区的代表性菌株(EC-6和XBC1-3)进行多基因片段的PCR扩增和序列分析。结果表明,代表性菌株EC-6和XBC1-3的ITS、gpd、tef-1a基因序列分别与交链格孢Alternaria alternata参考菌株CBS 107.27的序列(KP124300, KP124157, KP125075)相似性为100%、99%和100%,结合菌株形态学观察以及柯赫氏法则验证,证实交链格孢是引起该茶树叶斑病的致病菌。这是在安徽茶区首次发现由致病性链格孢引起茶树叶斑病。 相似文献
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Differential behaviour of sheath blight pathogen Rhizoctonia solani in tolerant and susceptible rice varieties before and during infection 
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下载免费PDF全文 This study characterized the early infection and establishment of the sheath blight pathogen Rhizoctonia solani on a tolerant rice variety, Swarnadhaan (IET 5656), and a susceptible variety, Swarna (MTU 7029). Assays using whole plants showed that disease severity was higher in Swarna than Swarnadhaan. In a detached leaf assay, Swarnadhaan showed a disease index that was 50% less than that with Swarna. Rhizoctonia solani exhibited different growth behaviour in the tolerant and susceptible varieties. The pathogen showed more hyphal growth in the susceptible host than in the tolerant variety. It also showed profuse branching, making intimate contact with the host surface to form more inter‐ and intracellular structures, and greater sclerotial development in the susceptible host compared to the tolerant one. Using light and scanning electron microscopy, it was observed for the first time that the pathogen could intercept host surface structures and use these for anchorage or penetration. Transformed R. solani, expressing green fluorescent protein, was observed using confocal laser scanning microscopy to investigate pathogen behaviour, including the formation of infection cushions and subsequent colonization of the host tissues. This is the first ultrastructural report to characterize the differential behaviour of the sheath blight pathogen in the vicinity and within tolerant and susceptible rice plants. 相似文献
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金柑Citrus japonica 是福建省尤溪县的重要特色果树,多年来金柑黄化衰退问题在其产区较为严重。本研究意在明确金柑黄化衰退的病因,为有效防控提供依据。调查发现金柑黄化衰退病株根部生长不良,根上有线虫雌虫寄生,其体后部突出根表面,根际土壤中有大量的2龄线虫;相邻健树根部生长健壮,根部无或只有少量该线虫。为明确其病原线虫种类,对其雌虫、雄虫、2龄幼虫进行形态学观测,对线虫的rDNA-ITS、28S rDNA D2-D3区进行测序比对,采用最大似然法和贝叶斯法构建系统进化树分析。结果表明,线虫形态学特征与柑橘半穿刺线虫Tylenchulus semipenetrans一致,系统发育树分析进一步明确为柑橘半穿刺线虫。这是国内首次报道柑橘半穿刺线虫寄生金柑,是导致金柑黄化慢衰的病因。研究结果为制订有效防控策略提供了重要理论依据。 相似文献