共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Couscous is a traditional cereal product produced by rubbing durum semolina particles with water by hand, but can be produced by using pasta pressing technique. This study aimed to produce a short-cut pasta type couscous by substitution of semolina with undersize bulgur at 25, 50, 75 and 100%, by determining optimum parameters. Bulk density, cooking loss, volume and weight increases, protein and ash contents, color, sensory, texture and functional properties were determined. Couscous samples were prepared and dried using packed bed (60 and 80 °C) and microwave dryers (180 and 360 W) to determine optimum parameters. It was found that the quantity of bulgur flour was significantly (p ≤ 0.05) effective on the sensory attributes, bulk density, cooking loss, volume and weight increases, protein and ash contents in contrast to functional properties. Weight and volume increase values decreased with increasing quantity of bulgur flour. Couscous samples containing bulgur flour have higher protein than the control due to higher protein content of bulgur. According to texture profile, hardness of couscous containing bulgur flour was lower than the semolina control for each drying technique. Results revealed the fact that the production of pasta type couscous is possible using totally undersize bulgur instead of semolina. 相似文献
2.
Nutritionally enhanced spaghetti was prepared from durum semolina fortified with 0–30% desi chickpea ‘besan’ flour. This study examined the dough rheology, processing ease and quality attributes of the fortified spaghetti including protein, starch, texture (firmness, resilience and stickiness), colour, cooking loss, and organoleptic acceptability. Chickpea-fortified spaghetti was acceptable to consumers, had reasonable pasta quality, including lower cooking loss and less stickiness than the control spaghetti and retained firmness better than durum after refrigeration. This study suggests that chickpea-fortified spaghetti may be suited to uses such as fresh pasta, in soups, canning, and microwave re-heating. In addition, this study has added to the understanding of the underlying mechanisms of pasta quality. The main findings were: (1) gluten content/composition appears to be more important than protein content for pasta firmness; (2) the protein–polysaccharide matrix appears to be more important than the starch composition for cooking loss; (3) increased protein and amylose contents were associated with decreased pasta stickiness; (4) cooking loss and stickiness were not necessarily as strongly related as commonly believed. Further research into these theories is necessary to fully understand the underlying mechanisms of pasta quality. 相似文献
3.
Schoenlechner R Drausinger J Ottenschlaeger V Jurackova K Berghofer E 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2010,65(4):339-349
The use of amaranth, quinoa and buckwheat for the production of gluten-free pasta was investigated in the present study. The
aim of the work was to produce pasta of good textural quality, in particular, low cooking loss, optimal cooking weight and
texture firmness. The results demonstrated that pasta produced from amaranth had decreased texture firmness and cooking time,
while pasta from quinoa mainly showed increased cooking loss. In buckwheat pasta the least negative effects were observed.
By combination of all three raw materials to one flour blend in the ratio of 60% buckwheat, 20% amaranth and 20% quinoa, dough
matrix was improved. After decreasing dough moisture to 30%, addition of an increased amount of egg white powder of 6% and
addition of 1.2% emulsifier (distilled monoglycerides) texture firmness as well as cooking quality of gluten-free pasta produced
from such a flour blend reached acceptable values comparable to wheat pasta. 相似文献
4.
The present investigation evaluated the effects of dried amaranth leaves (DAL) and amaranth seed flour (AF) as ingredients for pasta production and their contribution to antioxidant activity. Cooking quality, proximal and aroma analysis, antioxidant capacity and sensory evaluations were performed. The results demonstrated that pastas with amaranth ingredients had decreased cooking time, increased cooking loss percentage, and decreased luminosity values compared with semolina control pasta. Pastas with both AF and DAL demonstrated the highest protein, crude fiber and ash contents. The addition of DAL resulted in higher contents of iron, zinc, magnesium and potassium compared with the control pasta. TC, FRAP and ORAC assays showed that the pastas exhibited an important reduction in antioxidant capacity by cooking process. Formulas with DAL showed the higher antioxidant capacity values after cooking. The addition of AF and DAL has proved to increase the functional benefits of the pasta. 相似文献
5.
The effects of the replacement of einkorn flour on pasta proteins aggregation were studied by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and size exclusion high performance chromatography. Pasta was produced replacing durum wheat semolina with an increasing amount of einkorn flour (30, 50 and 100%). The polymeric protein structure of flours and related pasta and pasta mixture was determined by protein subunits composition and size of polymeric proteins. The unextractability of polymeric protein was related to the unextractable protein fraction and to the determination of –SH/-SS groups. Durum wheat semolina and einkorn flours increased their unextractable and polymeric fractions during pasta processing. The unexpected results derived from the areas of unextractable fractions and total and large unextractable polymeric fractions of 70/30 semolina/einkorn pasta mixture that were lower than those of 50/50 semolina/einkorn pasta mixture. Although the semolina flour contained more gluten proteins than einkorn flour, a higher aggregation was registered for 50/50 semolina/einkorn flour pasta. These results suggested that a different assessment of gluten network occurred in pasta mixture and it was regulated by a self-assembling machine influenced by nature of HMW-GS. The 50/50 semolina/einkorn pasta mixture determined a supramolecular structure in the developing of its network architecture. 相似文献
6.
Granule-bound starch synthase, also known as the waxy protein catalyses the synthesis of amylose in wheat endosperm starch. In durum wheats, the genes encoding GBSS are present at the two Wx loci on chromosome 7A and 4A (a segment of 7B that has been translocated). Several null Wx-B1 (missing GBSS protein from chromosome 4A) durum lines were produced from crosses with null-4A bread wheats backcrossed to durum wheats. Semolina milled from 4 normal and 7 null-4A durum wheat lines grown over two seasons (1999 and 2000) in South Australia were analysed for amylose content, starch pasting properties as measured by the Rapid Viscoanalyzer (RVA), swelling power and starch damage, protein content and electrophoretic protein analysis. Spaghetti was prepared with a micro-scale extruder and the cooked pasta evaluated for cooking loss, firmness, stickiness and water absorption. The null-4A lines had significantly lower (ca. 5%) amylose content, higher starch peak viscosities and semolina swelling power. The pasta derived from the null-4A lines had lower cooking loss and in 1999 was more adhesive than the non-waxy lines. Cooking loss was correlated with amylose content, peak starch viscosity, swelling power of semolina and cooked pasta adhesiveness. Semolina swelling power was highly correlated with RVA peak viscosity. Waxy durum wheats appear to have an advantage over the normal types in terms of lower cooking loss, widely used as an indicator of pasta cooking quality. 相似文献
7.
The quality of nine spaghetti typologies, produced by using wheat durum semolina as a base plus the addition of buckwheat and durum wheat bran, was investigated. The quality of the produced spaghetti was compared with that of spaghetti made only of durum semolina (CTRL). Tests were run on the samples to determine breakage susceptibility and colour of dry spaghetti, the cooking resistance, instrumental stickiness at optimal cooking time (OCT) and overcooking, the cooking loss and sensorial attributes at the optimal cooking time. Results suggest that the breakage susceptibility decreases with the addition of 15% and 20% bran, the spaghetti dry colour changes with the addition of buckwheat flour and bran compared to the spaghetti made only of durum semolina, while the cooking resistance, instrumental stickiness and the cooking loss, in general, were equal to that of the CTRL. However, the addition of buckwheat flour and bran affected the sensorial attributes differently. 相似文献
8.
In this study 7 bran fractions were produced by grinding coarse durum wheat bran followed by sieving to achieve median particle size ranges between 115 and 1497 μm. These bran fractions were incorporated into pasta at 1, 5, 10 and 20% and the phytochemical and technological properties evaluated. Higher incorporation of bran, especially at 20%, reduced pasta quality, but a reduced impact was seen at the same degree of incorporation using finer bran. Bran increased antioxidants (by up to 65%), ferulic acid (up to 400%) and phytosterols (up to 130%) in pasta, parameters which were insensitive to bran particle size above 10% incorporation except for ferulic acid, which was higher in particles between 248 and 1497 μm. It is recommended to use finer fractions if bran is added to pasta at 20% and higher, since they provide a better quality pasta while still delivering enhancements in phytochemical content above regular semolina pasta. 相似文献
9.
W. N. Sawaya J. K. Khalil W. J. Safi 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1984,34(2):117-125
Market samples of pearl millet flour and bread from Saudi Arabia were analysed for chemical composition and nutritional quality. Pearl millet flour contained, on a dry weight basis, 17.4% protein, 6.3% fat, 2.8% fiber and 2.2% ash. Lysine was the most limiting essential amino acid with a chemical score of 53 (FAO/WHO, 1973). Linoleic acid (44.8%), oleic acid (23.2%) and palmitic acid (22.3%) were the dominant fatty acids in millet oil followed by stearic acid (4.0%) and linolenic acid (2.9%). The invitro protein digestibility (IVPD) of millet flour was 75.6% and the calculated protein efficiency ratio (C-PER) was 1.38 in comparison to ANRC casein values of 90% and 2.50, respectively. Baking at 300°C for 15 min had only little effect on the proximate and fatty acid composition of the bread but decreased the arginine, cystine and lysine contents by 31.3%, 15.8% and 13.8%, respectively. The IVPD was not affected but the C-PER decreased by 18% on baking. 相似文献
10.
A health claim linking the consumption of barley β-glucan and the lowering of blood cholesterol has been allowed in North America and Europe which resulted in increased interest in barley products. Waxy barley flour rich in β-glucan (10% d.b.) was used to produce barley functional spaghetti and compared to semolina spaghetti. The impact of processing (extrusion, drying and cooking) on the physicochemical properties of barley blends and pasta as the molecular characterization of β-glucan were investigated. Pasta processing did not significantly affect the amount of β-glucan, but it impacted the β-glucan physicochemical properties in the end products. In all pasta, extrusion and drying were detrimental to the β-glucan properties, while cooking significantly increased the extractability and molecular weight of β-glucan, and in turn its viscosity, which determines its physiological effectiveness. In general, replacing wheat semolina with barley flour rich in β-glucan resulted in improved barley pasta containing the recommended amount of β-glucan per serving and enhanced β-glucan properties. 相似文献
11.
The investigation explores the possibility of utilizing legume flour (pigeon pea:10–30%) and brown rice flour (35–45%) for production of pasta using twin screw extruder. RSM was used to analyse the effect of feed moisture (28–36%), barrel temperature (70–110 °C) and legume:brown rice ratio on quality responses (in vitro starch and protein digestibility, degree of starch gelatinization, cooking quality, pasting properties, color and textural properties) of pasta. Extrusion processing significantly enhanced in vitro starch and protein digestibility of prepared pasta. The in vitro starch and protein digestibility of pasta ranged between 15.00 and 26.77 g/100 g and 50.34–84.82 g/100 g respectively. Addition of brown rice flour and pigeon pea flour exhibited dominating positive effect on cooking quality of the pasta. Degree of gelatinization of prepared pasta was found in range of 52.13–90.10 per cent. Color characteristics viz. luminosity, redness and yellowness of pasta enhanced with feed moisture. Pasting properties revealed lower peak and final viscosity at higher processing conditions. Firmness of cooked pasta elevated with an increase in the barrel temperature. Acceptability score of health based pasta on the basis of sensory attributes was 8 as inferred from 9 point hedonic scale. 相似文献
12.
Romina Beleggia Cristiano Platani Giuseppe Spano Massimo Monteleone Luigi Cattivelli 《Journal of Cereal Science》2009
Although pasta is generally not considered for its aromatic properties, some evidence proves that cereal flours release volatile compounds and they might have an effect on the aroma of the transformed products. This work reports on the characterization of the volatile components of semolina and pasta obtained from four durum wheat cultivars (Triticum durum Desf., cvs. PR22D89, Creso, Cappelli, Trinakria). Semolina samples were characterized through polar metabolite profiling and fatty acid analysis to identify potential precursors of the volatile components. The results show significant differences among the samples tested with cv. Trinakria characterized by the highest content of sugars and fatty acids. Volatile composition was investigated both in semolina and in cooked pasta using headspace solid-phase micro-extraction (HS-SPME) and identified by GC–MS. Thirty-five volatile compounds including aldehydes, ketones, alcohols, terpenes, esters, hydrocarbons and a furan were identified. Significant differences were observed between semolina and pasta samples in terms of composition and amount of the volatile compounds. During cooking an increase in aldehyde content, the appearance of ketones and a decrease in alcohol content were observed. Correlations between metabolites and volatiles demonstrate that the flavour of cooked pasta may differ significantly depending on the durum wheat cultivar employed. 相似文献
13.
High quality requirements are set on durum wheat (Triticum durum) from semolina mills and pasta producers. For the production of semolina and pasta with good cooking quality, high grain protein content and vitreosity is required. The dependency of vitreosity on protein content as well as its stability under the influence of humidity was not well investigated up to now. We (1) compared two methods to determine vitreosity, (2) investigated the relationship between vitreosity and protein content, (3) developed a method to analyze vitreosity under humidity, and (4) examined the relationship between protein content and agronomical as well as quality traits in durum wheat. The results showed that the formation of vitreous kernels greatly depends on the protein content. To evaluate the stability of vitreosity under the influence of humidity a new method was elaborated and employed to assess the durum germplasm under study. This revealed that vitreosity of a durum wheat variety depends on the potential to form vitreous kernels but also to maintain this vitreosity under the influence of humidity. Our results further show that protein content is a central trait in durum wheat that strongly influences important traits like grain yield, vitreosity, and b-value. 相似文献
14.
Pasta colour is an essential factor in assessing pasta quality. It results from a desirable yellow component, an undesirable brown component and, under some drying conditions, a red component. The cause of pasta brownness is complex and its biochemical and technological basis is still a matter of controversy. This paper is a comprehensive review of the literature data in the light of results which have been recently obtained in our laboratory. Pasta brightness (L) is an indicator of the attenuation of the light reflected by pasta samples. Brownness is usually defined as 100-L, and brownish pasta is characterised by a low L value and a dominant wavelength in the 578 nm region. The contributions of cultivar and location to the variance of L are about 15% and 65%, respectively. Within the same cultivar, L decreases when the protein and ash contents increase but the basis of these relations are not known. Pasta brownness is the result of an inherent brownness of the endosperm (the dominant parameter in the case of semolina scarcely contaminated by the peripheral parts of the grain), of the degree of purity of the semolina and of Maillard reactions when pasta are dried at high temperature. Inherent brownness of semolina could be due to a water-soluble copper protein (Matsuo's brown protein) and/or to the action of oxidising enzymes which would take place during grain maturation. The brown colour of spaghetti increases sharply with the ash content of the milling streams. Whether such brownness results from the inherent brownness of milling streams or from the action of polyphenol oxidase is not known. Kneading and extrusion of pasta have no significant effect on brownness. The formation of brown «melanoidin» pigments due to the development of Maillard reactions is related to the reducing-sugar content of pasta and the drying parameters. Recommendations for future research are given, which include further genetic and physicochemical investigations of Matsuo's brown protein, the evolution of polyphenoloxidase activity during durum wheat grain maturation and the relationship between pasta brownness and the PPO activity of milling streams. 相似文献
15.
为探究经过不同热处理的小米粉对小麦面团品质的影响,将小米粉分别进行膨化、蒸制和炒制热处理,经蒸制和炒制的小米粉按照0、5%、10%、15%、20%、25%、30%和35%的比例添加到小麦粉中,膨化小米粉按照0、2%、4%、6%和8%的比例添加到小麦粉中,分别对混合粉面团的流变学特性进行研究。结果表明,不同热处理小米粉的灰分、蛋白质、脂肪、总淀粉和总膳食纤维含量均下降,可溶性膳食纤维含量升高(炒制组除外)。不同热处理小米粉的添加量对小麦面团粉质特性和拉伸特性的影响存在显著差异(P0.05);面团的粉质特性随小米粉含量的增加而减弱;添加蒸制和炒制小米粉的面团粉质特性较好。随着小米粉含量的增加,添加膨化小米粉的面团的拉伸特性呈先增强后减弱的趋势,添加蒸制和炒制小米粉的面团的拉伸特性则逐渐减弱,且3个处理的拉伸特性都随醒面时间的延长有所增强,不同处理之间的拉伸特性差别不大。 相似文献
16.
Grain protein concentration (GPC) affects wheat nutritional value and several critical parameters for bread and pasta quality. A gene designated Gpc-B1, which is not functional in common and durum wheat cultivars, was recently identified in Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides. The functional allele of Gpc-B1 improves nitrogen remobilization from the straw increasing GPC, but also shortens the grain filling period resulting in reduced grain weight in some genetic backgrounds. We developed isogenic lines for the Gpc-B1 introgression in six hexaploid and two tetraploid wheat genotypes to evaluate its effects on bread-making and pasta quality. In common wheat, the functional Gpc-B1 introgression was associated with significantly higher GPC, water absorption, mixing time and loaf volume, whereas in durum wheat, the introgression resulted in significant increases in GPC, wet gluten, mixing time, and spaghetti firmness, as well as a decrease in cooking loss. On the negative side, the functional Gpc-B1 introgression was associated in some varieties with a significant reduction in grain weight, test weight, and flour yield and significant increases in ash concentration. Significant gene × environment and gene × genotype interactions for most traits stress the need for evaluating the effect of this introgression in particular genotypes and environments. 相似文献
17.
The present study focused on the quality traits of durum wheat grains (protein and content, gluten content, yellow pigment content), semolina (gluten index and yellow index) and pasta (firmness, yellow index, cooking time) obtained from 12 durum wheat genotypes grown under elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration in an open field Free Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE) experiment. The aims were to evaluate the impact of elevated CO2 on durum wheat pasta making related traits as well as investigate genetic differences existing in a panel of old and modern cultivars. The protein content showed a not significant decrease (7%), the GC decreased significantly (13.3%), while the GI showed an increasing significant tendency (14%). The overall pasta quality (firmness and weight) worsened in ELE. Correlation between all traits and pasta firmness demonstrated that the decrease in pasta firmness under ELE was correlated with GPC and GC while it was not with the GI. All varieties, although to different extent, showed lower pasta firmness values compared to the ambient condition. Among the varieties tested, some were more sensitive than others to the increased atmospheric CO2 concentration, a finding that can be exploited by breeding for designing novel genotypes with lower sensitivity to increased atmospheric CO2. 相似文献
18.
Anna-Sophie Hager Michael Czerny Jürgen Bez Emanuele Zannini Elke K. Arendt 《Journal of Cereal Science》2013
Specific dietary requirements, e.g. celiac disease, as well as increased consumer demand for products of high nutritional value, makes the production of pasta from alternative cereals interesting. Raw material characterisation showed that the utilisation of oat and teff flour is beneficial as these ingredients contain higher levels of fibre and mineral composition is superior to that of wheat. Starch properties significantly influence pasta quality and therefore damaged starch levels, amylase activity, pasting properties and gelatinisation temperatures of the flours were investigated. Fresh egg pasta based on wheat, oat and teff flour was produced. Sensory properties of oat spaghetti were found to be very close to that of wheat pasta but improvement of smoothness and aroma is necessary, while teff spaghetti showed reduced sensory quality. An in vitro enzymatic digestion was performed using a dialysis system to mimic the behaviour of pasta as eaten and make predictions on the glycemic index (GI). The predicted GI was highest for wheat pasta, followed by teff and oat. Ultra structure was studied using confocal laser scanning microscopy, allowing the visualisation of differences in starch granule size and shape as well as gelatinisation occurring during the cooking process. 相似文献
19.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of particle size distribution on composition, properties rheological, pasting, microstructural and baking properties of whole grain wheat flour (WGWF) of three different particles sizes (194.9 μm, 609.4 μm and 830.0 μm). The quantification of free sulfhydryl groups (-SH) of WGWF samples, together with the effects observed in the behavior of the dough and bread showed that particle size influences the functionality of the gluten network in a differentiated way. Firmer and lower breads volume compared to refined wheat flour (RF) were correlated with the quality of the gluten network. In the sample of finer particles, more pronounced adverse effects in quality (dough rheology, bread volume and texture) compared to the medium and coarse particle size sample suggests that the larger contact surface and the increased release of reactive compounds due to cell rupture interact with the gluten-forming proteins changing their functionality. 相似文献
20.
Durum wheat grains are used for producing food, such as pasta or couscous. The grain mechanical properties which are linked to its internal micro-structure (i.e. endosperm porosity) are known to determine its ability to produce semolina during milling. The proportion of grains having porous endosperm in a batch appears therefore as a critical quality factor for the durum wheat value chain. Our objective was to investigate the ability of X-ray micro-tomography (μCT) method to describe the porous or vitreous counterpart structures in the endosperm of durum wheat grains. We selected two different durum wheat samples displaying vitreous or partially porous endosperms. The grains were analyzed using μCT at two pixel sizes (1 μm or 7 μm). The μCT data collected at 7 μm pixel size were used for qualitative classification of grains according to apparent distribution curve of the porosity parameters. Analysis of μCT images at 1 μm pixel size allowed us to propose pore size classification in the vitreous and porous parts of the endosperm in three durum wheat grain. Results are used to better describe the durum-wheat endosperm microstructure, but requires long scanning periods. 相似文献