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1.
为评估龟纹瓢虫Propylea japonica对柑橘木虱Diaphorina citri的生物防治潜能，在实验室条件下测定龟纹瓢虫1~4龄幼虫和成虫对柑橘木虱5龄若虫的捕食功能反应、搜寻效应、自身密度干扰反应以及捕食偏好性。结果表明，龟纹瓢虫1~4龄幼虫和成虫对柑橘木虱5龄若虫的捕食功能反应均符合Holling II型功能反应类型，其各虫态龟纹瓢虫的瞬时攻击率分别为0.313、0.610、0.234、0.585和0.675，处理时间分别为0.088、0.077、0.013、0.008和0.016 d，龟纹瓢虫4龄幼虫对柑橘木虱5龄若虫的捕食能力最大，为73.125，龟纹瓢虫成虫、3龄幼虫、2龄幼虫、1龄幼虫次之，捕食能力分别为42.188、18.000、7.922和3.557。各虫态龟纹瓢虫对柑橘木虱5龄若虫的搜寻效应随柑橘木虱5龄若虫密度升高而下降；在柑橘木虱5龄若虫密度一定的条件下，各虫态龟纹瓢虫对柑橘木虱5龄若虫的捕食率随自身密度升高而下降，其自身密度干扰方程为E=0.421P-0.52；当柑橘木虱5龄若虫和豆蚜Aphis craccivora 4龄若虫2种猎物共存时，龟纹瓢虫成虫对其食物选择性指数均小于1，表明龟纹瓢虫成虫对这2种猎物无捕食偏好性。表明龟纹瓢虫对柑橘木虱5龄若虫有较强的防控潜能。 相似文献
2.
异色瓢虫是我国苜蓿重要的天敌昆虫,豌豆蚜和牛角花齿蓟马是严重为害苜蓿的刺吸类害虫。为探究异色瓢虫对豌豆蚜和牛角花齿蓟马的生防潜力,室内测定了异色瓢虫1～4龄幼虫和雌成虫分别对豌豆蚜2～3龄若蚜和牛角花齿蓟马成虫的捕食功能反应及猎物捕食偏好性。结果表明,不同龄期的异色瓢虫对两种害虫的捕食功能反应均符合Holling Ⅱ模型。异色瓢虫4龄幼虫对豌豆蚜2～3龄若蚜的捕食能力最强,雌成虫次之,异色瓢虫1～3龄幼虫的捕食能力随龄期减少而逐渐降低。另外,异色瓢虫雌成虫对牛角花齿蓟马成虫的捕食能力最强,其次为4龄幼虫,3龄幼虫和2龄幼虫的捕食能力较弱。不同龄期的异色瓢虫分别对豌豆蚜2～3龄若蚜和牛角花齿蓟马成虫的搜寻效应均随猎物密度的增加而降低。当猎物豌豆蚜若蚜和牛角花齿蓟马成虫以3种不同数量比例（豌豆蚜:蓟马＝40:80头、60:60头、80:40头）共存时,异色瓢虫4龄幼虫对猎物的选择性指数（D）均大于1,表明4龄幼虫对豌豆蚜表现较强的正捕食偏好性;但异色瓢虫雌成虫对猎物的选择性指数均小于1,表明雌成虫对两种猎物无明显的捕食偏好。综上表明异色瓢虫对苜蓿豌豆蚜若蚜和牛角花齿蓟马成虫具有较好的控制能力,尤其是异色瓢虫4龄幼虫与雌成虫对两种猎物具有很强的捕食能力且优于1～3龄幼虫。当两种猎物共存时,异色瓢虫4龄幼虫偏好取食豌豆蚜2～3龄若蚜。 相似文献
3.
为明确龟纹瓢虫Propylaea japonica对草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda的控害潜力,在(25±1)℃、L∥D=16 h//8 h、RH (60±5)%的条件下研究了龟纹瓢虫雌、雄成虫和4龄幼虫对草地贪夜蛾卵、1龄和2龄幼虫的捕食能力。结果表明,龟纹瓢虫4龄幼虫和雌、雄成虫对草地贪夜蛾卵、1龄和2龄幼虫的捕食反应均符合HollingⅡ模型。龟纹瓢虫雌、雄成虫和4龄幼虫对草地贪夜蛾卵的日最大捕食量分别为204.6、110.9粒和124.7粒,瞬时攻击率分别为1.125、1.658和1.429,处理时间分别为0.004 9、0.009 0 d和0.008 0 d;对草地贪夜蛾1龄幼虫的日最大捕食量分别为242.4、265.5头和109.4头,瞬时攻击率分别为1.233、1.038和1.411,处理时间分别为0.004 1、0.003 8 d和0.009 1 d;对草地贪夜蛾2龄幼虫的日最大捕食量分别为41.2、40.3头和27.6头,瞬时攻击率分别为1.386、1.226和1.685,处理时间分别为0.024 3、0.024 8 d和0.036 2 d。雌、雄成虫和4龄幼虫对草地贪夜蛾卵和低龄幼虫的搜寻效应均随着猎物密度的增加而降低。龟纹瓢虫对草地贪夜蛾卵和1龄幼虫的捕食量高于2龄幼虫。结果表明龟纹瓢虫对草地贪夜蛾卵和低龄幼虫具有较好的控制作用,为利用龟纹瓢虫控制草地贪夜蛾提供了理论依据。 相似文献
4.
为明确龟纹瓢虫Propylea japonica (Thunberg)对梨瘿蚊Dasineura pyri (Bouche)幼虫的控害效能,在室内进行了龟纹瓢虫对梨瘿蚊幼虫的捕食能力及捕食偏好性试验。结果表明：龟纹瓢虫各龄期对梨瘿蚊幼虫的捕食功能反应均符合Holling-II模型,龟纹瓢虫1～4龄幼虫及成虫对梨瘿蚊幼虫的理论日最大捕食量分别为9.58、17.42、44.96、51.71和100.56头。在不同猎物密度设置下,各龄期龟纹瓢虫对猎物的捕食量随猎物密度的增加而升高,搜寻效应随猎物密度升高而下降。相同猎物密度设置下,随着龟纹瓢虫成虫自身密度的增加,单头龟纹瓢虫成虫日均捕食量逐渐降低。当梨瘿蚊与梨二叉蚜两种猎物共存时,龟纹瓢虫偏食梨二叉蚜。综合比较各龄期龟纹瓢虫对梨瘿蚊幼虫的相关捕食功能反应参数,成虫态龟纹瓢虫在各个方面能力均较1～4龄幼虫表现好,说明龟纹瓢虫成虫能够对梨瘿蚊幼虫发挥较好的控害作用。本研究可为龟纹瓢虫防控梨瘿蚊技术在田间的应用提供理论依据。 相似文献
5.
异色瓢虫成虫对枸杞木虱的捕食作用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为测定异色瓢虫Harmonia axyridis(Pallas)成虫对枸杞木虱Paratrioza sinica YangLi的捕食作用,在室内测定了异色瓢虫成虫的捕食功能反应、种内干扰、自身密度干扰及捕食偏好性,并通过罩笼试验调查了异色瓢虫成虫对枸杞木虱的田间防控效果。结果表明,异色瓢虫成虫对枸杞木虱的捕食功能反应符合Holling Ⅱ型方程,对卵、1~2龄若虫、3~5龄若虫以及成虫的最大捕食量分别为111.5粒、511.6头、254.2头和113.6头。在异色瓢虫成虫生长周期30 d内能使枸杞木虱总虫口密度下降76.6%;对1~2龄枸杞木虱若虫的搜寻效率为1.01,处理时间为0.0020,均高于卵、3~5龄若虫与成虫;在150头/皿的猎物密度下,异色瓢虫成虫的最大捕食率达85.6%,益害比参考值为1∶150。异色瓢虫成虫对枸杞木虱的捕食作用受自身密度的影响显著大于种内干扰;在100头/皿混合猎物密度下,异色瓢虫成虫更偏好捕食木虱成虫,在300头/皿猎物密度下,异色瓢虫成虫更偏向于1~2龄若虫。研究表明,异色瓢虫成虫是具有控制潜力的捕食性天敌,人工释放异色瓢虫成虫可有效防控枸杞木虱。 相似文献
6.
7.
为探究入侵害虫草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda与本地害虫禾谷缢管蚜Rhopalosiphum padi同时存在时,异色瓢虫Harmonia axyridis对入侵害虫草地贪夜蛾的防控效果,本研究开展了异色瓢虫成虫及4龄幼虫对草地贪夜蛾2龄幼虫、禾谷缢管蚜2龄若虫的捕食功能反应、搜寻效应、捕食选择性试验。结果表明,异色瓢虫对草地贪夜蛾、禾谷缢管蚜的捕食功能反应均符合HollingⅡ模型方程,其日捕食量随物密度的增加而增加,搜寻效应均随猎物密度的增加而逐渐降低;异色瓢虫成虫对草地贪夜蛾2龄幼虫、禾谷缢管蚜2龄若虫的控害效能分别为221.88头和343.01头,其4龄幼虫对草地贪夜蛾2龄幼虫、禾谷缢管蚜2龄若虫的控害效能分别为140.88头和210.93头。异色瓢虫对草地贪夜蛾和禾谷缢管蚜具有较好的控害能力,其成虫对两种害虫的防控效果优于其4龄幼虫,且异色瓢虫对禾谷缢管蚜的捕食选择性强于草地贪夜蛾。 相似文献
8.
为明确异色瓢虫Harmonia axyridis和龟纹瓢虫Propylea japonica对番茄潜叶蛾Tuta absoluta的控害能力。本试验在实验室条件下选取异色瓢虫和龟纹瓢虫4龄幼虫对番茄潜叶蛾低龄幼虫(1龄、2龄)的捕食功能反应和搜寻效应进行系统研究。结果表明,异色瓢虫和龟纹瓢虫4龄幼虫对番茄潜叶蛾低龄幼虫的捕食功能反应均符合HollingⅡ模型;两种瓢虫的日捕食量与猎物密度在一定范围内呈正相关关系,当猎物密度N→+∞时,异色瓢虫和龟纹瓢虫对番茄潜叶蛾1、2龄幼虫的理论日最大捕食量Namax分别为147.06头、140.85头和333.33头、149.25头。异色瓢虫的最高日捕食率达98%,显著高于龟纹瓢虫的最高日捕食率79%。两种瓢虫对番茄潜叶蛾搜寻效应随猎物密度的增大而降低,且异色瓢虫对番茄潜叶蛾的搜寻效应显著高于龟纹瓢虫,异色瓢虫对番茄潜叶蛾低龄幼虫的最高搜寻效应高于0.90,而龟纹瓢虫对番茄潜叶蛾低龄幼虫的最高搜寻效应低于0.80。异色瓢虫对番茄潜叶蛾低龄幼虫的捕食能力稍强于龟纹瓢虫,但两种瓢虫对番茄潜叶蛾低龄幼虫均有较好捕食作用,可在一定程度上控制低龄幼虫的数量,故可将两种瓢虫作为番茄潜叶蛾重要的生物防治材料加以研究和利用。 相似文献
9.
龟纹瓢虫对烟粉虱和棉蚜取食选择及适合度比较研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
基于近年来棉田烟粉虱数量上升并与棉蚜呈混合或交替发生的态势,比较研究了棉田优势捕食性天敌龟纹瓢虫对棉蚜和烟粉虱的取食偏好和食物适合度.结果显示,龟纹瓢虫不同虫态对烟粉虱若虫和棉蚜均具有较好的捕食作用;在棉蚜和烟粉虱若虫不同比例共存的情况下,龟纹瓢虫成虫均显著地偏好取食棉蚜;空间增大和蚜虫数量不足有助于增加龟纹瓢虫成虫对烟粉虱若虫的控制效应.取食烟粉虱若虫和棉蚜若虫的龟纹瓢虫幼虫均能完成生长发育,对后代成虫性比亦无影响;但取食烟粉虱若虫的龟纹瓢虫幼虫期延长3d,死亡率升高5.45倍,幼虫和成虫体重明显减轻;成虫取食烟粉虱若虫不能满足其产卵的营养需求.综合分析认为,棉田具有一定数量(经济域值以下)的棉蚜,有利于增加龟纹瓢虫对烟粉虱的控制效应. 相似文献
10.
为探明天敌昆虫大红犀猎蝽Sycanus falleni对草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda幼虫的捕食潜力,在室内条件下测定大红犀猎蝽3龄若虫和成虫对草地贪夜蛾3龄幼虫的捕食功能反应、搜寻效应,以及不同自身密度对捕食草地贪夜蛾的干扰反应。结果表明:大红犀猎蝽3龄若虫和成虫对草地贪夜蛾3龄幼虫的捕食功能反应符合Holling II模型;其中大红犀猎蝽3龄若虫对草地贪夜蛾3龄幼虫的日最大捕食量、瞬时攻击率和处理时间分别为4.049头、1.198和0.247 d;大红犀猎蝽雌成虫对草地贪夜蛾3龄幼虫的日最大捕食量、瞬时攻击率和处理时间分别为47.619头、0.717和0.021 d;大红犀猎蝽雄成虫对草地贪夜蛾3龄幼虫的日最大捕食量、瞬时攻击率和处理时间分别为43.478头、0.650和0.023 d;大红犀猎蝽的捕食量与害虫密度正相关,搜寻效应与害虫密度负相关。大红犀猎蝽自身密度对捕食作用的干扰效应符合Hassell模型,对草地贪夜蛾3龄幼虫的捕食作用率随自身密度的增加而降低。表明大红犀猎蝽3龄若虫和成虫对草地贪夜蛾3龄幼虫均有一定的捕食能力,大红犀猎蝽成虫的捕食作用大于3龄若虫。 相似文献
11.
Fifteen species of dermestid beetles were recorded at ‘Evolution Canyon’ (EC), Lower Nahal Oren, Mt. Carmel, Israel. They
represent ~35% of known Israeli dermestid species. The following three species were recorded for the first time in Israel:Trogoderma svriaca Dalla Torre, 1911;Ctesias svriaca Ganglbauer, 1904; andAnthrenus (s.str.) jordaniens Pic, 1934. Adults of 13 species were collected on the more solar radiated, warmer and climatically more fluctuating south-facing
slope (SFS); ten species were collected on the opposite, north-facing slope (NFS), which was cooler and climatically more
stable. The abundance of adult dermestid beetles was 1.9 times higher on the SFS than on the NFS (86 and 47, respectively).
Species richness and abundance distribution at EC (three collecting stations on each slope and one at the valley bottom) were
significantly negatively correlated with the plant cover that consisted of trees and bushes (Spearmanr
s
,P=0.007 and 0.039, respectively) and perennials (Spearmanr
s
,P=0.039 and 0.077, respectively), indicating that non-woody plants were preferred by adult dermestid beetles. 相似文献
12.
Sergio Ovruski Martín Aluja John Sivinski Robert Wharton 《Integrated Pest Management Reviews》2000,5(2):81-107
We first discuss the diversity of fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) parasitoids (Hymenoptera) of the Neotropics. Even though the emphasis is on Anastrepha parasitoids, we also review all the information available on parasitoids attacking flies in the genera Ceratitis, Rhagoletis, Rhagoletotrypeta, Toxotrypana and Zonosemata. We center our analysis in parasitoid guilds, parasitoid assemblage size and fly host profiles. We also discuss distribution patterns and the taxonomic status of all known Anastrepha parasitoids. We follow by providing a historical overview of biological control of pestiferous tephritids in Latin American and Florida (U.S.A.) and by analyzing the success or failure of classical and augmentative biological control programs implemented to date in these regions. We also discuss the lack of success of introductions of exotic fruit fly parasitoids in various Latin American countries. We finish by discussing the most pressing needs related to fruit fly biological control (classical, augmentative, and conservation modalities) in areas of the Neotropics where fruit fly populations severely restrict the development of commercial fruit growing. We also address the need for much more intensive research on the bioecology of native fruit fly parasitoids. 相似文献
13.
Epidemiology of Toxigenic Fungi and their Associated Mycotoxins for Some Mediterranean Crops 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
Antonio Logrieco Antonio Bottalico Giuseppina Mulé Antonio Moretti Giancarlo Perrone 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2003,109(7):645-667
Recent data on the epidemiology of the common mycotoxigenic species of Fusarium, Alternaria, Aspergillus and Penicillium in infected or colonized plants, and in stored or processed plant products from the Mediterranean area are reviewed. Emphasis is placed on the toxigenicity of the causal fungal species and the natural occurrence of well known mycotoxins (aflatoxins, ochratoxins, fumonisins, trichothecenes, zearalenone, patulin, Alternaria-toxins and moniliformin), as well as some more recently described compounds (fusaproliferin, beauvericin) whose toxigenic potential is not yet well understood. Several Fusarium species reported from throughout the Mediterranean area are responsible of the formation of mycotoxins in infected plants and in plant products, including: Fusarium graminearum, F. culmorum, F. cerealis, F. avenaceum, F. sporotrichioides and F. poae, which produce deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, fusarenone, zearalenone, moniliformin, and T-2 toxin derivatives in wheat and other small grains affected by head blight or scab, and in maize affected by red ear rot. Moreover, strains of F. verticillioides, F. proliferatum, and F. subglutinans, that form fumonisins, beauvericin, fusaproliferin, and moniliformin, are commonly associated with maize affected by ear rot. Fumonisins, were also associated with Fusarium crown and root rot of asparagus and Fusarium endosepsis of figs, caused primarily by F. proliferatum. Toxigenic A. alternata strains and associated tenuazonic acid and alternariols were commonly found in black mould of tomato, black rot of olive and citrus, black point of small cereals, and black mould of several vegetables. Toxigenic strains of A. carbonarius and ochratoxin A were often found associated with black rot of grapes, whereas toxigenic strains of A. flavus and/or P. verrucosum, forming aflatoxins and ochratoxin A, respectively, were found in moulded plant products from small cereals, peanuts, figs, pea, oilseed rape, sunflower seeds, sesame seeds, pistachios, and almonds. Finally, toxigenic strains of P. expansum and patulin were frequently found in apple, pear and other fresh fruits affected by blue mould rot, as well as in derived juices and jams. 相似文献
14.
《干旱区科学》2014,(6):782-782
正Journal of Arid Land(JAL)is an international journal(ISSN 1674-6767;CN 65-1278/K)for the natural sciences,sponsored by the Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography,Chinese Academy of Sciences and Science Press.It is published by Science Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg bimonthly.JAL publishes original,innovative,and integrative research from arid and semiarid regions,ad 相似文献
15.
The genera ofMicrogaster Latreille 1804 andHygroplitis Thomson 1895 from China are presented systematically in this paper. Thirty-two species ofMicrogaster and three species ofHygroplitis are known in China. Diagnosis, character variation, distribution and host of each species among the two genera are presented,
including its host and distribution. Keys to the species ofMicrogaster andHygroplitis are given.
http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Dec. 19, 2006. 相似文献
16.
Plant Viruses Transmitted by Whiteflies 总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18
David R. Jones 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2003,109(3):195-219
One-hundred and fourteen virus species are transmitted by whiteflies (family Aleyrodidae). Bemisia tabaci transmits 111 of these species while Trialeurodes vaporariorum and T. abutilonia transmit three species each. B. tabaci and T. vaporariorum are present in the European–Mediterranean region, though the former is restricted in its distribution. Of the whitefly-transmitted virus species, 90% belong to the Begomovirus genus, 6% to the Crinivirus genus and the remaining 4% are in the Closterovirus, Ipomovirus or Carlavirus genera. Other named, whitefly-transmitted viruses that have not yet been ranked as species are also documented. The names, abbreviations and synonyms of the whitefly-transmitted viruses are presented in tabulated form together with details of their whitefly vectors, natural hosts and distribution. Entries are also annotated with references. Whitefly-transmitted viruses affecting plants in the European–Mediterranean region have been highlighted in the text. 相似文献
17.
Liriomyza cicerina (Diptera: Agromyzidae) is an important pest on chickpea in Turkey. The objective of this study was to determine the parasitoids and rates of parasitism ofL. cicerina on chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) during the 2005 and 2006 seasons in ?anl?urfa province, Turkey. Leaves with mines were sampled weekly and kept in the laboratory to observe and count emerging leafminer and parasitoid adults. Eight parasitoid species were collected: the braconidsOpius monilicornis Fischer andOpius tersus Foerster and the eulophidsDiaulinopsis arenaria (Erdös) andNeochrysocharis formosa (Westwood), which occurred in both the winter and summer seasons;Diglyphus crassinervis Erdös,Neochrysocharis ambitiosa Hansson,Neochrysocharis sericea (Erdös) andPediobius metallicus (Nees), which occurred only in the summer growing areas.Diaulinopsis arenaria was the predominant parasitoid with 4–7.7% parasitism rate whileN. ambitiosa andO. monilicornis were the second and third most predominant species. The results of these trials show that sinceDia. arenaria occurred throughout every season, it could potentially be used for control of the leafminerL. cicerina. 相似文献
18.
Plant–herbivore asynchrony necessitates augmentative releases of the exotic beetle,Zygogramma bicolorata,to enhance the biological control of P
arthenium hysterophorus
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下载免费PDF全文 Systematic information on the quantitative impact of Z ygogramma bicolorata on the biology of P arthenium hysterophorus is crucial as the seeds of this weed continue to germinate from the accumulated soil seed bank throughout the year in the form of different germinating flushes, while the activity of the beetle ceases during winter as it enters diapause. Therefore, plant–herbivore interactions need to be explored to develop predictions of the overall impact of the introduced beetle on the weed. The findings revealed that defoliation by Z . bicolorata had a significant impact on the plant height, density and flower production in flushes F 3, F 4 and F 5, but not in F 1 and F 2 that exhibited longer periodicity, profuse branching, a longer flowering period and maximum flower production and contributed mostly to the existing seed soil bank. Therefore, total depletion of the existing soil seed bank was not possible. Consequently, the effect of augmentative field releases of laboratory‐reared beetles was explored on F 1 and F 2 in February for three consecutive years (2011–2013). Before initiating the trial, random soil samples were taken from the plots that were assigned to the paired treatments (i.e. with the beetle and without the beetle [insecticide‐treated]) and it was found that the seed bank in those samples did not differ. The single release of Z . bicolorata adults at five per plant at the six‐leaf stage significantly reduced the soil seed bank, compared to without the biocontrol agent, irrespective of the flushes at the end of the season. 相似文献
19.
M. Fortass S. Diallo 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1993,99(4):219-226
Broad bean mottle virus (BBMV) was transmitted from infected to healthy faba-bean plants by the curculionid weevilsApion radiolus Kirby,Hypera variabilis Herbst,Pachytychius strumarius Gyll,Smicronyx cyaneus Gyll, andSitona lineatus L. The latter appeared to be an efficient vector: acquisition and inoculation occurred at the first bite, the rate of transmission was c. 41%, and virus retention lasted for at least seven days.S. lineatus transmitted the virus from faba bean to lentil and pea, but not to the three genotypes of chickpea tested. This is the first report on the generaHypera, Pachytychius, andSmicronyx as virus vectors, and onA. radiolus, H. variabilis, P. strumarius, andS. cyaneus as vectors of BBMV.Out of 351 samples of food legumes with symptoms suggestive of virus infection, 16, 11, 19, and 17% of the samples of chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean, respectively, were found infected when tested for BBMV in DAS-ELISA. This is the first report on the natural occurrence of BBMV in chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean. The virus should be regarded as a food-legume virus rather than a faba-bean virus solely, and is considered an actual threat to food legume improvement programmes. 相似文献