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上海口岸从旅客携带进境的树苗中分离到1种孢囊线虫属的2龄幼虫,通过形态特征和分子特征分析,鉴定为无花果孢囊线虫(Heterodera fici Kirjanova,1954)。该2龄幼虫的主要形态特征为:体长409.9~454.4μm;唇环3个;口针发达,长22.6~24.0μm,基部球圆形略向前倾斜;侧线4条;尾长圆锥形,末端细圆,尾部透明区长24.7~30.5μm,约占尾长的1/2。序列分析显示其ITS区序列与GenBank中无花果孢囊线虫的序列相似性为99.48%~99.90%,序列差异为1~5 bp。系统发育分析显示该线虫与无花果孢囊线虫处于一个聚类组内。这是我国口岸首次报道截获无花果孢囊线虫。 相似文献
3.
简阳根结线虫Meloidogyne jianyangensis n.sp.采自四川简阳县柑桔园的柑桔根上。雌虫的会阴花纹近圆形,线纹平滑、纤细,背腹线纹通常连贯。以尾尖处向两侧有脊状放射形条纹,条纹数目不定、在阴肛区的背侧有半圈脊状条纹。在放射状的条纹间,线纹有时不连贯,有如许多小刻点。尾觉器距离很近。雄虫头冠高,唇盘和中唇融合,无侧唇。口针长19.1-26.0(21.8μm)。口针基球和杆部界限明显。背食道腺开口距口针基部2.5-3.5(3.0μm)。侧带处有4条侧线,两边两条间有横纹,中间两条侧线间无横纹。二龄幼虫长387.6-483.3(423.2)μm。头冠高,唇盘和中唇融合成哑铃状。口针长13.0-16.8(15.1)μm。背食道腺开口距口针基部2.1-3.7(2.5)μm。尾部渐细,尾尖钝圆。简阳根结线虫雌虫的主要酯酶带Rf=0.41、0.45和0.48。 相似文献
4.
我国小麦禾谷孢囊线虫(Heterodera avenae Wollenweber)鉴定研究 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：9
1989-1990年对湖北省天门县、潜江县、仙桃市、新洲县,河北、河南、山西等省及北京市郊等地的矮黄麦株根、根围田土的直接检查和漂浮分离检查,都查到褐或黑褐孢囊,内有大量可育卵,经用光学显微镜和扫描电镜对孢囊阴门锥膜孔特征,二龄幼虫头部细微结构等的观察及对其有关体值的测量,鉴定为禾谷孢囊线虫(Heterodera avenae Wollenweber 1924,后有名Bidera avenae(Wollenweber,1924)Krall & Krall,1978)亦即燕麦孢囊线虫。其主要形态特征为孢囊较大,阔柠檬形,色深褐,长709(601-903)μm,宽523(436-612)μm,阴门锥顶为典型双膜孔型,无下桥,阴门锥下方有许多排列不规则的泡状突;二龄幼虫长550(477-602)μm,头骨架发达,口针长24μm,唇盘伸长与亚背唇和亚腹唇融合形成一近肾形唇区结构。禾谷孢囊线虫是世界性重要病原线虫,已在32个产麦国家被发现,本研究在我国小麦上初次发现,为我国孢囊线虫一新记录种;明确了我国南北两类型麦区一些小麦矮黄不长、根系分叉多,细而乱,甚至纠结成团,开花前后,根侧露出微小如粉末的发亮颗粒状物(孢囊),产量往往骤减,即系其危害所致;从而纠正了以前多归因于施肥不匀、生理失常的错误认识;对进一步正确诊断、调查、研究其在我国的发生分布、危害规律、生物学特性及控制方法具有理论意义和实用价值。 相似文献
5.
从宁波口岸进境的日本鸡爪槭(Acer palmatum)景观树根际介质中分离到1种胞囊线虫属的2龄幼虫,通过形态鉴定和分子特征分析,鉴定其为旱稻胞囊线虫(Heterodera elachista Ohshima,1974)。该日本群体的2龄幼虫体长374~421μm;唇区有3个唇环;口针粗壮,长16.5~19.2μm,基部球圆形或前端略凹陷;侧线3条;尾长圆锥形,末端细圆,透明尾长22.9~30.7μm,约占尾长的50%。基于核糖体DNA的28S-D2/D3区和ITS区序列构建的系统发育树以及ITS序列酶切分析证实该鉴定结论,这是我国首次截获旱稻胞囊线虫。 相似文献
6.
日本鸡爪槭中苹果根结线虫的鉴定 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
宁波口岸连续从来自日本的鸡爪槭根和根围介质中截获一种根结线虫,经形态学和分子生物学方法鉴定为苹果根结线虫。其主要鉴定特征是:雌虫会阴花纹卵圆形,线纹平滑细密,背弓和腹弓均低平,侧尾腺口大,侧尾腺间距大于阴门裂宽;雄虫背食道腺开口到口针基部球的距离较大,平均8μm;2龄幼虫体长和尾长均较短,分别为362～466μm和29.2～39.3μm,c=11.6～15.3。所截获的苹果根结线虫18S rDNA序列与已在GenBank登录的2个苹果根结线虫株系(登录号为EU669948和EU669949)最接近,相似度达99.4%和99.6%。这是我国首次报道截获该种线虫。 相似文献
7.
从采自新疆伊犁哈萨克自治州新源县那拉提草原和博尔塔拉蒙古自治州博乐市青德里乡甜菜根围的土样中分离到一种短体线虫,通过形态学特征以及基于核糖体28S D2/D3区序列比较,证实其为落选短体线虫(Pratylenchus neglectus(Rensch,1924)FilipjevSchuurmans Stekhoven,1941)。该线虫的主要形态鉴别特征为:唇区有2个唇环;平均V=80.4%～82.7%;后阴子宫囊小于阴门处体宽;口针长17.5～18.3μm;受精囊退化;尾末端通常宽圆,但有时也呈平截状或指状。这是我国新疆首次发现该种线虫。鉴于该种线虫目前已在我国普遍发生,建议将该种线虫确认为中国种。 相似文献
8.
青岛口岸截获的马铃薯白线虫 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
从来自俄罗斯籍轮船携带的带土马铃薯样本中分离线虫,通过胞囊的阴门区和2龄幼虫的形态特征和测量数据,将截获线虫鉴定为马铃薯白线虫(Globodera pallida Behren,1975)。分离到的线虫胞囊内部为奶油色,雌虫阴门和肛门间角质脊数目为10～12,Granek’s ratio为1.95±0.8;2龄幼虫口针长度为23±1.2μm,口针基球剖面的前表面尖,口针锥部占整个口针长度的52.5%;头区深度骨化,六角放射状,口盘及唇部轮廓为矩形,轻微缢缩,有4～6个环纹。马铃薯白线虫是中国一类进口植物检疫对象,该线虫为青岛口岸首次截获。 相似文献
9.
甘肃河西地区番茄根结线虫病病原鉴定 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
利用形态特征对甘肃省河西地区番茄根结线虫病病原线虫进行鉴定,其重要的形态特征如下：雌虫体长L=599.0（510.0～690.0）μm,体宽W=439.0（409.0～473.0）μm,口针长ST=15.4(15.0～16.0)μm,背食道腺开口到口针基部球的距离DGO=3.6(2.0～4.3)μm。雌虫梨形,排泄孔位于口针基球处,会阴花纹背弓明显高,线纹由平滑到波浪状,有些线纹向侧面分叉,但无明显的侧线;2龄幼虫L=376.0（360.0～393.0）μm,W=14.8（14.2～15.2）μm,ST=11.7(11.2～12.5)μm,DGO=3.6(2.1～4.0)μm,头部前端平,口针基部球明显,半月体邻近分泌和排泄孔,尾透明且纤细,尾尖尖圆;雄虫L=1 411.0（532.0～1 720.0）μm,W=32.0（28.0～38.0）μm,ST=24.5(23.0～26.0)μm,DGO=3.2(2.0～4.1)μm,头区不缢缩,有不完全的头环,没有侧唇,口针基球圆形至扁圆形。综合以上雌虫、2龄幼虫和雄虫的形态特征,确定了该地区的番茄根结线虫病病原线虫为南方根结线虫（Meloidogyne incognita）。 相似文献
10.
甘薯茎线虫的形态特征 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8
甘薯茎线虫样本采自河北、山东和安徽省的部分甘薯产区,该线虫种鉴定为腐烂茎线虫(Ditylenchus destructor Thome,1945)。雌虫:线虫唇架骨质化,唇区稍缢缩、有4个唇环和6个唇片;侧区有6条侧线,有网格纹。中食道球梭形、有瓣膜,食道腺通常覆盖于肠的背面达体宽1/2,个别覆盖于肠侧面和腹面;尾呈锥状,稍向腹面弯曲,末端窄圆;卵巢前端卵原细胞双行排列;阴唇略隆起,阴门裂与体轴线垂直,阴门宽度占4个体环;后阴子宫囊大,延伸至阴肛距2/3-3/4。雄虫:虫体前部与雌虫相似。泄殖腔隆起,交合伞起始于交合刺前端水平处向后延伸达尾长3/4;交合刺朝腹向弯曲,前端膨大具指状突;引带短。 相似文献
11.
Fifteen species of dermestid beetles were recorded at ‘Evolution Canyon’ (EC), Lower Nahal Oren, Mt. Carmel, Israel. They
represent ~35% of known Israeli dermestid species. The following three species were recorded for the first time in Israel:Trogoderma svriaca Dalla Torre, 1911;Ctesias svriaca Ganglbauer, 1904; andAnthrenus (s.str.) jordaniens Pic, 1934. Adults of 13 species were collected on the more solar radiated, warmer and climatically more fluctuating south-facing
slope (SFS); ten species were collected on the opposite, north-facing slope (NFS), which was cooler and climatically more
stable. The abundance of adult dermestid beetles was 1.9 times higher on the SFS than on the NFS (86 and 47, respectively).
Species richness and abundance distribution at EC (three collecting stations on each slope and one at the valley bottom) were
significantly negatively correlated with the plant cover that consisted of trees and bushes (Spearmanr
s
,P=0.007 and 0.039, respectively) and perennials (Spearmanr
s
,P=0.039 and 0.077, respectively), indicating that non-woody plants were preferred by adult dermestid beetles. 相似文献
12.
Sergio Ovruski Martín Aluja John Sivinski Robert Wharton 《Integrated Pest Management Reviews》2000,5(2):81-107
We first discuss the diversity of fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) parasitoids (Hymenoptera) of the Neotropics. Even though the emphasis is on Anastrepha parasitoids, we also review all the information available on parasitoids attacking flies in the genera Ceratitis, Rhagoletis, Rhagoletotrypeta, Toxotrypana and Zonosemata. We center our analysis in parasitoid guilds, parasitoid assemblage size and fly host profiles. We also discuss distribution patterns and the taxonomic status of all known Anastrepha parasitoids. We follow by providing a historical overview of biological control of pestiferous tephritids in Latin American and Florida (U.S.A.) and by analyzing the success or failure of classical and augmentative biological control programs implemented to date in these regions. We also discuss the lack of success of introductions of exotic fruit fly parasitoids in various Latin American countries. We finish by discussing the most pressing needs related to fruit fly biological control (classical, augmentative, and conservation modalities) in areas of the Neotropics where fruit fly populations severely restrict the development of commercial fruit growing. We also address the need for much more intensive research on the bioecology of native fruit fly parasitoids. 相似文献
13.
Paul W. J. Taylor Rebecca Ford 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2007,119(1):127-133
Molecular diagnostic techniques have been developed to differentiate the Ascochyta pathogens that infect cool season food and feed legumes, as well as to improve the sensitivity of detecting latent infection
in plant tissues. A seed sampling technique was developed to detect a 1% level of infection by Ascochyta rabiei in commercial chickpea seed. The Ascochyta pathogens were shown to be genetically diverse in countries where the pathogen and host have coexisted for a long time. However,
where the pathogen was recently introduced, such as A. rabiei to Australia, the level of diversity remained relatively low, even as the pathogen spread to all chickpea-growing areas.
Pathogenic variability of A. rabiei and Ascochyta pinodes pathogens in chickpea and field pea respectively, appears to be quantitative, where measures of disease severity were based
on aggressiveness (quantitative level of infection) rather than on true qualitative virulence. In contrast, qualitative differences
in pathogenicity in lentil and faba bean genotypes indicated the existence of pathotypes of Ascochyta lentis and Ascochyta fabae. Therefore, reports of pathotype discrimination based on quantitative differences in pathogenicity in a set of specific genotypes
is questionable for several of the ascochyta-legume pathosystems such as A. rabiei and A. pinodes. This is not surprising since host resistance to these pathogens has been reported to be mainly quantitative, making it difficult
for the pathogen to overcome specific resistance genes and form pathotypes. For robust pathogenicity assessment, there needs
to be consistency in selection of differential host genotypes, screening conditions and disease evaluation techniques for
each of the Ascochyta sp. in legume-growing countries throughout the world. Nevertheless, knowledge of pathotype diversity and aggressiveness within
populations is important in the selection of resistant genotypes. 相似文献
14.
《干旱区科学》2014,(6):782-782
正Journal of Arid Land(JAL)is an international journal(ISSN 1674-6767;CN 65-1278/K)for the natural sciences,sponsored by the Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography,Chinese Academy of Sciences and Science Press.It is published by Science Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg bimonthly.JAL publishes original,innovative,and integrative research from arid and semiarid regions,ad 相似文献
15.
Epidemiology of Toxigenic Fungi and their Associated Mycotoxins for Some Mediterranean Crops 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
Antonio Logrieco Antonio Bottalico Giuseppina Mulé Antonio Moretti Giancarlo Perrone 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2003,109(7):645-667
Recent data on the epidemiology of the common mycotoxigenic species of Fusarium, Alternaria, Aspergillus and Penicillium in infected or colonized plants, and in stored or processed plant products from the Mediterranean area are reviewed. Emphasis is placed on the toxigenicity of the causal fungal species and the natural occurrence of well known mycotoxins (aflatoxins, ochratoxins, fumonisins, trichothecenes, zearalenone, patulin, Alternaria-toxins and moniliformin), as well as some more recently described compounds (fusaproliferin, beauvericin) whose toxigenic potential is not yet well understood. Several Fusarium species reported from throughout the Mediterranean area are responsible of the formation of mycotoxins in infected plants and in plant products, including: Fusarium graminearum, F. culmorum, F. cerealis, F. avenaceum, F. sporotrichioides and F. poae, which produce deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, fusarenone, zearalenone, moniliformin, and T-2 toxin derivatives in wheat and other small grains affected by head blight or scab, and in maize affected by red ear rot. Moreover, strains of F. verticillioides, F. proliferatum, and F. subglutinans, that form fumonisins, beauvericin, fusaproliferin, and moniliformin, are commonly associated with maize affected by ear rot. Fumonisins, were also associated with Fusarium crown and root rot of asparagus and Fusarium endosepsis of figs, caused primarily by F. proliferatum. Toxigenic A. alternata strains and associated tenuazonic acid and alternariols were commonly found in black mould of tomato, black rot of olive and citrus, black point of small cereals, and black mould of several vegetables. Toxigenic strains of A. carbonarius and ochratoxin A were often found associated with black rot of grapes, whereas toxigenic strains of A. flavus and/or P. verrucosum, forming aflatoxins and ochratoxin A, respectively, were found in moulded plant products from small cereals, peanuts, figs, pea, oilseed rape, sunflower seeds, sesame seeds, pistachios, and almonds. Finally, toxigenic strains of P. expansum and patulin were frequently found in apple, pear and other fresh fruits affected by blue mould rot, as well as in derived juices and jams. 相似文献
16.
The genera ofMicrogaster Latreille 1804 andHygroplitis Thomson 1895 from China are presented systematically in this paper. Thirty-two species ofMicrogaster and three species ofHygroplitis are known in China. Diagnosis, character variation, distribution and host of each species among the two genera are presented,
including its host and distribution. Keys to the species ofMicrogaster andHygroplitis are given.
http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Dec. 19, 2006. 相似文献
17.
Plant Viruses Transmitted by Whiteflies 总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18
David R. Jones 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2003,109(3):195-219
One-hundred and fourteen virus species are transmitted by whiteflies (family Aleyrodidae). Bemisia tabaci transmits 111 of these species while Trialeurodes vaporariorum and T. abutilonia transmit three species each. B. tabaci and T. vaporariorum are present in the European–Mediterranean region, though the former is restricted in its distribution. Of the whitefly-transmitted virus species, 90% belong to the Begomovirus genus, 6% to the Crinivirus genus and the remaining 4% are in the Closterovirus, Ipomovirus or Carlavirus genera. Other named, whitefly-transmitted viruses that have not yet been ranked as species are also documented. The names, abbreviations and synonyms of the whitefly-transmitted viruses are presented in tabulated form together with details of their whitefly vectors, natural hosts and distribution. Entries are also annotated with references. Whitefly-transmitted viruses affecting plants in the European–Mediterranean region have been highlighted in the text. 相似文献
18.
Liriomyza cicerina (Diptera: Agromyzidae) is an important pest on chickpea in Turkey. The objective of this study was to determine the parasitoids and rates of parasitism ofL. cicerina on chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) during the 2005 and 2006 seasons in ?anl?urfa province, Turkey. Leaves with mines were sampled weekly and kept in the laboratory to observe and count emerging leafminer and parasitoid adults. Eight parasitoid species were collected: the braconidsOpius monilicornis Fischer andOpius tersus Foerster and the eulophidsDiaulinopsis arenaria (Erdös) andNeochrysocharis formosa (Westwood), which occurred in both the winter and summer seasons;Diglyphus crassinervis Erdös,Neochrysocharis ambitiosa Hansson,Neochrysocharis sericea (Erdös) andPediobius metallicus (Nees), which occurred only in the summer growing areas.Diaulinopsis arenaria was the predominant parasitoid with 4–7.7% parasitism rate whileN. ambitiosa andO. monilicornis were the second and third most predominant species. The results of these trials show that sinceDia. arenaria occurred throughout every season, it could potentially be used for control of the leafminerL. cicerina. 相似文献
19.
Plant–herbivore asynchrony necessitates augmentative releases of the exotic beetle,Zygogramma bicolorata,to enhance the biological control of P
arthenium hysterophorus
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下载免费PDF全文 Systematic information on the quantitative impact of Z ygogramma bicolorata on the biology of P arthenium hysterophorus is crucial as the seeds of this weed continue to germinate from the accumulated soil seed bank throughout the year in the form of different germinating flushes, while the activity of the beetle ceases during winter as it enters diapause. Therefore, plant–herbivore interactions need to be explored to develop predictions of the overall impact of the introduced beetle on the weed. The findings revealed that defoliation by Z . bicolorata had a significant impact on the plant height, density and flower production in flushes F 3, F 4 and F 5, but not in F 1 and F 2 that exhibited longer periodicity, profuse branching, a longer flowering period and maximum flower production and contributed mostly to the existing seed soil bank. Therefore, total depletion of the existing soil seed bank was not possible. Consequently, the effect of augmentative field releases of laboratory‐reared beetles was explored on F 1 and F 2 in February for three consecutive years (2011–2013). Before initiating the trial, random soil samples were taken from the plots that were assigned to the paired treatments (i.e. with the beetle and without the beetle [insecticide‐treated]) and it was found that the seed bank in those samples did not differ. The single release of Z . bicolorata adults at five per plant at the six‐leaf stage significantly reduced the soil seed bank, compared to without the biocontrol agent, irrespective of the flushes at the end of the season. 相似文献
20.
W. Gams Willeke Van Laar 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1982,88(2):39-45
Solacol®, a formulation of the antibiotic validamycin, at 0.33% in 2% malt extract agar, reduced the spread of fungi on dilution plates drastically and allowed twice as much incubation time before subculturing; this resulted in an elevated number of species isolated. Using pure cultures of 62 common soil fungi, it was shown that all fast-growing species (exceptPythium ultimum) were efficiently inhibited but not completely suppressed. Inhibition was comparable to that by 0.5% oxgall, though, while this substance completely suppressed several species, Solacol very strongly inhibited onlyGaeumannomyces graminis, Gerlachia nivalis, Harzia acremonioides, Verticillium biguttatum andRhizoctonia solani. In a further experiment each separate constituent of Solacol was tested against 22 fungi at equivalent concentrations. Validamycin strongly inhibitedChaetomium globosum and two Basidiomycetes, though hardly more than the non-ionic detergent which mainly inhibited the other fungi. A few species were, however, more inhibited by Solacol than by the detergent alone. Solacol at 0.33% is a suitable aid in dilution plating of soil fungi, by increasing the number of colonies and species observed.Samenvatting Solacol®, een formulering van het antibioticum validamycine, remde de groei van schimmels in verdunningsplaten met een concentratie van 0.33% in 2% moutagar en maakte het mogelijk de periode tot afenten met een factor 2 te verlengen; daardoor was het aantal geïsoleerde soorten duidelijk toegenomen. Met reincultures van 62 algemene grondschimmelsoorten werd aangetoond, dat alle snelgroeiende soorten (met uitzondering vanPythium ultimum) voldoende geremd, maar niet volkomen onderdrukt werden. Het remmingspercentage was vergelijkbaar met dat van 0.5% ossegal, hoewel dit laatste sommige soorten volkomen onderdrukte; Solacol remde alleenGaeumannomyces graminis, Gerlachia nivalis, Harzia acremonioides, Verticillium biguttatum enRhizoctonia solani zeer sterk. In een volgend experiment werden de componenten van Solacol t.o.v. 22 fungi apart getoetst in concentraties equivalent aan 0.33% Solacol. Validamycine remde alleenChaetomium globosum en twee basidiomyceten behoorlijk, maar nauwelijks meer dan de niet-ionische uitvloeier, die in hoofdzaak de overige remeffecten veroorzaakte. Enkele soorten werden echter door het complete Solacol veel sterker geremd dan door de uitvloeier alleen. Solacol in een verdunning van 0,33% wordt aanbevolen bij verdunningsplaten voor het isoleren van grondschimmels ten einde het aantal kolonies en soorten te verhogen. 相似文献