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动物微生态制剂是根据微生态学原理应用生物技术培养的活菌制剂,它通过补充畜禽肠道内的正常菌群或促进正常菌群的形成,来调整畜禽肠道内微生态平衡,治标治本,从而达到预防和治疗疾病的目的。 相似文献
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微生态饲料添加剂是根据微生态理论研制的含有益微生物及其代谢产物的活菌制剂，通过维持肠道内微生态平衡而发挥作用。具有防治疾病、增强机体免疫力、促进生长、增加体重等多种功能，且无污染，无残留，不产生抗药性。目前用于微生态饲料添加剂的微生物主要有：乳酸菌、芽孢杆菌、酵母菌、放线菌、光合细菌等几大类，美国FDA（１９８９年）规定允许饲喂的微生物有４０余种，其中３０种是乳酸菌。我国１９９４年农业部批准使用的微生物品种有：蜡样芽孢杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、粪链球菌、双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌、乳链球菌等。微生态添加剂按菌… 相似文献
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双歧杆菌（Bifidobacteria）是人和哺乳动物肠道中的优势菌之一。在微生态学上属于原籍菌群。1899年法国巴斯德研究的Tidder首次从母乳喂养的婴儿大便中分离到了该菌，并指出它对婴儿的营养和预防肠道疾病具有重要作用。此后，经过人们多年努力不懈的研究，现已认识到该菌是人和动物肠道中重要的生理性细菌，它参与免疫、营养、消化和保护等一系列的生理过程，保持动物肠道微生态平衡，调节动物免疫机能，降解饲料，可防病、促生长、提高饲料利用率。 相似文献
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本试验选用MRS、MRS+10%家兔硬粪浸出液和MRS+10%泡菜汁3种选择培养基,对健康家兔肠道的乳酸菌群分别进行需氧和厌氧培养,根据可培养细菌菌落特征、染色特性、显微镜形态观测,共分离出7株乳酸菌株,其中需氧菌2株,厌氧菌5株。结合生化试验初步鉴定,需氧菌株分别为乳酸乳球菌和短乳杆菌,厌氧菌株分别为嗜酸乳杆菌,嗜粪乳杆菌,肠乳杆菌,乳酸乳杆菌和弯曲乳杆菌。本实验为弄清健康家兔肠道的有益菌群,以便下一步制作更易于在畜禽的肠道中定植存活的复合动物微生态制剂做准备。 相似文献
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变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)是一种非培养微生物研究方法,克服了实验室传统的微生物分离、培养和分类方法的局限性,是研究动物肠道微生态群落的重要手段之一。介绍了DGGE的技术原理和系统优化及其在动物肠道微生态研究中的应用和自身存在的局限性,并对其应用前景进行了展望。 相似文献
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益生素对肉仔鸡生产性能和肠道菌群的影响 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
益生素又名微生态制剂,是根据微生态平衡理论用动物体内正常微生物及其促进物质经特殊加工制成的活菌制剂。它能够在数量或种类上补充肠道内缺少的正常微生物,调整或维持肠道内微生态平衡,促进有益菌增殖,抑制致病菌生长。有益微生物产生各种消化酶,从而提高饲料转化率,降解饲料中的某些抗营养因子。微生态制剂以其无毒无副作用、无耐药性、无残留、成本低、效果显著等特点,逐渐得到广大养殖界认同。为验证加酶益生素对肉仔鸡生产性能和肠道菌群的影响进了本试验。１材料与方法１１加酶益生素杆菌、双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌、酵母菌、光合菌等十… 相似文献
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肥胖以及相关的代谢综合症已经成为全球性的公共健康问题.大量的研究表明,肥胖形成以及减肥过程均与肠道茵群密切相关且相互影响.肠道茵群以及弱炎症反应成为肥胖以及相关代谢综合症的两大重要影响因素.文章综述了近几年来,肠道菌群失调对宿主能量储存以及新陈代谢的影响,以及弱炎症反应对肥胖引起的代谢综合症的影响.大量的研究证明,益生... 相似文献
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【目的】羔羊腹泻是由病原微生物、营养改变、环境应激等多因素互作所致的新生和断奶时期危害羔羊生长的临床常见病之一。对断奶前后腹泻羔羊的生长生理与肠道菌群变化与其同期健康羔羊进行比较。为不同生长阶段羔羊腹泻的针对性防治研究奠定科学基础。【方法】在对羔羊腹泻进行临床调查的基础上,随机选择断奶前（31—45日龄）健康和腹泻羔羊各10只、断奶后（60—75日龄）健康和腹泻羔羊各10只分成4组进行生长生理、血液生理生化指标及相关炎性因子指标测定。采集直肠粪样,用16S rRNA测序进行肠道菌群组成结构比较分析。【结果】（1）断奶前健康与腹泻羔羊体重差异不显著。而断奶后腹泻羔羊体重极显著低于健康羔羊（P<0.01）,且腹泻羔羊的体温、脉搏和呼吸频率也均显著低于健康羔羊（P<0.05）。（2）断奶前腹泻羔羊总蛋白、球蛋白、胆固醇等生化指标显著低于健康羔羊（P<0.05）。断奶后腹泻羔羊白细胞总数极显著高于健康羔羊（P<0.01）,尿素氮、肌酐、磷、血糖和总胆红素显著低于健康羔羊（P<0.05）,炎性因子IL-4、IL-6、IL-8显著高于健康羔羊。（3）断奶后健康羔羊与腹泻羔羊肠道菌群共有OTUs占比较断奶前上升近一倍。断奶前腹泻羔羊肠道菌群Alpha多样性显著降低（P<0.05）。健康与腹泻羔羊的肠道菌群PCoA分布差异显著（Weighted UniFrac Adonis和Anosim检验水平,P<0.05）,而断奶后组间差异不显著。门水平：与其同期健康羔羊相比,断奶前腹泻羔羊梭杆菌门相对丰度显著升高（P<0.05）,疣微菌门和放线菌门相对丰度显著下降（P<0.05）。断奶后,腹泻羔羊黏胶球形菌门和放线菌门相对丰度显著下降（P<0.05）。属水平：与其同期健康羔羊相比,断奶前腹泻羔羊梭杆菌属和梭菌属显著升高（P<0.05）,而艾克曼菌属、脱硫弧菌属和丁酸弧菌属显著下降（P<0.05）。断奶后,腹泻羔羊瘤胃球菌属显著下降（P<0.05）,而脱硫弧菌属显著升高（P<0.05）。【结论】本研究结果表明断奶前腹泻羔羊主要发生蛋白质和血脂降低;而断奶后腹泻羔羊的生理变化以尿素氮、肌酐和血糖等指标的下降为特点。断奶前腹泻羔羊肠道菌群失调变化明显;而断奶后腹泻羔羊炎症反应等变化明显。这些差异可能与断奶所引起的日粮组成结构和环境因素改变密切相关。 相似文献
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Muegge BD Kuczynski J Knights D Clemente JC González A Fontana L Henrissat B Knight R Gordon JI 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,332(6032):970-974
Coevolution of mammals and their gut microbiota has profoundly affected their radiation into myriad habitats. We used shotgun sequencing of microbial community DNA and targeted sequencing of bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA genes to gain an understanding of how microbial communities adapt to extremes of diet. We sampled fecal DNA from 33 mammalian species and 18 humans who kept detailed diet records, and we found that the adaptation of the microbiota to diet is similar across different mammalian lineages. Functional repertoires of microbiome genes, such as those encoding carbohydrate-active enzymes and proteases, can be predicted from bacterial species assemblages. These results illustrate the value of characterizing vertebrate gut microbiomes to understand host evolutionary histories at a supraorganismal level. 相似文献
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Evolution of mammals and their gut microbes 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Ley RE Hamady M Lozupone C Turnbaugh PJ Ramey RR Bircher JS Schlegel ML Tucker TA Schrenzel MD Knight R Gordon JI 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,320(5883):1647-1651
Mammals are metagenomic in that they are composed of not only their own gene complements but also those of all of their associated microbes. To understand the coevolution of the mammals and their indigenous microbial communities, we conducted a network-based analysis of bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequences from the fecal microbiota of humans and 59 other mammalian species living in two zoos and in the wild. The results indicate that host diet and phylogeny both influence bacterial diversity, which increases from carnivory to omnivory to herbivory; that bacterial communities codiversified with their hosts; and that the gut microbiota of humans living a modern life-style is typical of omnivorous primates. 相似文献
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蜜蜂肠道菌群的调节作用及影响因素 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
近年来, 蜜蜂数量的大量减少导致全球养蜂业面临重要的经济损失,并对农业各个方面造成了严重后果。最新的研究表明肠道菌群与宿主的健康息息相关。综述了肠道菌群的种类和特性,阐述了肠道菌群在蜜蜂等昆虫健康中的调节作用及影响肠道菌群的因素,并对今后的研究方向进行了展望。 相似文献
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REN Chuan-ying ZHANG Shan HONG Bin GUAN Li-jun HUANG Wen-gong FENG Jun-ran SHA Di-xin YUAN Di LI Bo JI Ni-na LIU Wei LU Shu-wen 《农业科学学报》2023,22(3):945-957
Hyperlipidemia is a frequent metabolic disorder that is closely associated with diet. It is believed that brown rice, containing the outer bran layer and germ, is beneficial for the remission of hyperlipidemia. This study established a rat model of hyperlipidemia by feeding a high-fat diet. The hypolipidemic potential of germinated brown rice (Gbrown) and germinated black rice (a germinated black-pigmented brown rice, Gblack) were explored in the model rats, mainly in the aspects of blood lipids, lipases, apolipoproteins, and inflammation. The gut microbiota in hyperlipidemic rats receiving diverse dietary interventions was determined by 16S rDNA sequencing. The results showed that the intervention of Gbrown/Gblack alleviated the hyperlipidemia in rats, evidenced by decreased TC, TG, LDL-C, and apolipoprotein B, and increased HDL-C, HL, LPL, LCAT, and apolipoprotein A1. Gbrown/Gblack also weakened the inflammation in hyperlipidemia rats, evidenced by decreased TNF-α, IL-6, and ET-1. In addition, 16S rDNA sequencing revealed that the diet of Gbrown/Gblack elevated the abundance and diversity of gut microbiota in hyperlipidemia rats. At the phylum level, Gbrown/Gblack decreased Firmicutes, increased Bacteroidetes, and decreased the F/B ratio in hyperlipidemia rats. At the genus level, Gbrown/Gblack decreased Streptococcus and increased Ruminococcus and Allobaculum in hyperlipidemia rats. Some differential microbial genera relating to lipid metabolism were also determined, such as the Lachnospira and Ruminococcus in the Gblack group, and the Phascolarctobacterium, Dorea, Turicibacter, and Escherichia-Shigella in the Gbrown group. Notably, the beneficial effect of Gblack was stronger than Gbrown. To sum up, the dietary interventions of Gbrown/Gblack contributed to the remission of hyperlipidemia by alleviating the dysbiosis of gut microbiota. 相似文献
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将大鼠随机分为正常组(10只)与造模组(高脂饮食组,20只),连续喂养10周后造模成功;再将造模组随机分为模型组(10只)和奥利司他组(10只),正常组、模型组和奥利司他组分别给予正常饮食、高脂饮食、高脂饮食+奥利司他灌胃,再持续饲喂10周后采集样品进行血清生化指标检测、组织病理学观察和肠道菌群分析,以探究奥利司他对高脂饮食诱导肥胖大鼠的影响。结果表明：奥利司他干预可显著降低高脂饮食大鼠的体质量;降低长期高脂饮食所引起的肝脏脂质堆积,减少肝损伤及体内脂肪的堆积;降低高脂饮食大鼠的血清总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平,升高高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平,改善肥胖大鼠的血脂代谢异常问题;升高肥胖大鼠血清中脂联素水平,同时降低血清瘦素以及游离脂肪酸水平;奥利司他干预会造成大鼠小肠和盲肠菌群丰度和多样性的减少,增加大鼠结肠内微生物群落的物种多样性;奥利司他干预降低了高脂饮食大鼠结肠中厚壁菌门与拟杆菌门相对丰度的比值,在小肠和盲肠中则提高了该比值;高脂饮食后大鼠盲肠中螺旋体门和疣微菌门的相对丰度显著高于正常组的,但奥利司他治疗后螺旋体门的相对丰度较模型组有所降低;奥利司他促进高脂饮食大鼠小肠中的乳杆菌属(Lactobacillus)和罗姆布茨菌属(Romboutsia),盲肠中的阿克曼菌属(Akkermansia)和布劳特氏菌属(Blautia),结肠中的布劳特氏菌属、毛形杆菌属(Lachnobacterium)和罗斯伯里氏菌属(Roseburia)等肠道有益菌的生长,并抑制小肠中链球菌属(Streptococcus)等有害菌的繁殖。可见,奥利司他干预可有效地改善因高脂饮食引起的肥胖及其代谢紊乱,并可改善因高脂饮食造成的肠道菌群结构失调。 相似文献
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Host-gut microbiota metabolic interactions 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Nicholson JK Holmes E Kinross J Burcelin R Gibson G Jia W Pettersson S 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,336(6086):1262-1267
The composition and activity of the gut microbiota codevelop with the host from birth and is subject to a complex interplay that depends on the host genome, nutrition, and life-style. The gut microbiota is involved in the regulation of multiple host metabolic pathways, giving rise to interactive host-microbiota metabolic, signaling, and immune-inflammatory axes that physiologically connect the gut, liver, muscle, and brain. A deeper understanding of these axes is a prerequisite for optimizing therapeutic strategies to manipulate the gut microbiota to combat disease and improve health. 相似文献
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Protective effect of high-oleic acid peanut oil and extra-virgin olive oil in rats with diet-induced metabolic syndrome by regulating branched-chain amino acids metabolism 
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下载免费PDF全文 High-oleic acid peanut oil (HOPO) and extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO) have been reported previously to have an attenuating effect on metabolic syndrome (MS). This study aimed to evaluate the metabolic effect of HOPO and EVOO supplementation in attenuating MS and the role of gut microbiota in regulating the metabolic profile. Sprague-Dawley rats were continuously fed with a normal diet, high-fructose and high-fat (HFHF) diet, HFHF diet containing HOPO, or a HFHF diet containing EVOO for 12 weeks. The metabolomics profiles of feces and serum samples were compared using untargeted metabolomics based on UPLC-Q/TOF-MS. Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) was used to identify the potential fecal and serum biomarkers from different groups. Correlation between gut microbiota and biomarkers was assessed, and pathway analysis of serum biomarkers was conducted. Differences in metabolic patterns in feces and serum were observed among different groups. There were 8 and 12 potential biomarkers in feces and 15 and 6 potential biomarkers in serum of HOPO group and EVOO group, respectively, suggesting that HOPO and EVOO supplementation mainly altered amino acids, peptides, and their analogs in feces and serum. The branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) biosynthesis pathway was identified as a major pathway regulated by HOPO or EVOO. This study suggests that HOPO and EVOO supplementation ameliorate diet-induced MS, mainly via modulation of the BCAAs biosynthesis pathway. 相似文献
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S Naik N Bouladoux C Wilhelm MJ Molloy R Salcedo W Kastenmuller C Deming M Quinones L Koo S Conlan S Spencer JA Hall A Dzutsev H Kong DJ Campbell G Trinchieri JA Segre Y Belkaid 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,337(6098):1115-1119
Intestinal commensal bacteria induce protective and regulatory responses that maintain host-microbial mutualism. However, the contribution of tissue-resident commensals to immunity and inflammation at other barrier sites has not been addressed. We found that in mice, the skin microbiota have an autonomous role in controlling the local inflammatory milieu and tuning resident T lymphocyte function. Protective immunity to a cutaneous pathogen was found to be critically dependent on the skin microbiota but not the gut microbiota. Furthermore, skin commensals tuned the function of local T cells in a manner dependent on signaling downstream of the interleukin-1 receptor. These findings underscore the importance of the microbiota as a distinctive feature of tissue compartmentalization, and provide insight into mechanisms of immune system regulation by resident commensal niches in health and disease. 相似文献