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1.
为了明确啶酰菌胺对玉米大斑病菌的毒力水平,采用菌丝生长速率法测定甘肃省玉米大斑病菌对啶酰菌胺的敏感性。结果表明,甘肃省3个生态区160株玉米大斑病菌对啶酰菌胺的敏感性差异较小,平均EC50为0.19μg/mL,EC50范围在0.01～0.88μg/mL。平均EC50高低顺序依次为南部湿润区>东部半湿润半干旱区>中部旱作雨养区,南部湿润区63株菌株的平均EC50为0.21μg/mL,EC50范围在0.02～0.88μg/mL;东部半湿润半干旱区52株菌株的平均EC50为0.19μg/mL,EC50范围在0.04～0.62μg/mL;中部旱作雨养区45株菌株的平均EC50为0.16μg/mL,EC50范围在0.01～0.54μg/mL。正态性检验表明,甘肃省3个生态区160株玉米大斑病菌对啶酰菌胺的EC50值呈现连续性负偏态分布,曲线平坦。甘肃省玉米大斑病菌对啶... 相似文献
2.
抗多菌灵的芒果炭疽病菌的杀菌剂筛选及其交互抗性测定 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为筛选抗多菌灵的芒果炭疽病菌的杀菌剂,采用生长速率法测定23种杀菌剂对8株抗、感多菌灵的芒果炭疽病菌(Colletotrichum gtoeosporioides Penz.)的室内毒力.通过EC50值、EC90值及杀菌剂间的交互抗性测定等综合分析表明:对芒果炭疽病菌毒力最强的杀菌剂是咪鲜胺,其平均EC50值和EC90值分别为0.04、0.21μg/mL;苯醚甲环唑、丙环唑、吡唑醚菌酯、氟硅唑、氟硅唑·恶唑菌酮、戊唑醇、腈菌唑和多抗霉素对芒果炭疽病菌的毒力也较强,与多菌灵不存在交互抗性,这9种杀菌剂均可作为防治芒果炭疽病的首选杀菌剂.另外,三唑酮、异菌脲、三环唑和代森锰锌也有较好的抑菌效果,可用于芒果炭疽病的防治.通过交互抗性分析,在苯并咪唑类杀菌剂之间,苯并眯唑类杀菌剂与烯唑醇,嘧菌酯、醚菌酯与腈菌唑·醚菌酯,嘧菌酯、醚菌酯与三唑酮,苯醚甲环唑与氟硅唑·恶唑菌酮之间存在交互抗性;而百菌清与嘧菌酯、醚菌酯和腈菌唑·醚菌酯,恶霉灵与嘧菌酯、醚菌酯、腈菌唑·醚菌酯和三唑酮之间存在负交互抗性. 相似文献
3.
为了筛选有效防治药剂,在室内采用菌丝生长速率法测定了10种杀菌剂原药对橡胶树白根病菌的室内毒力。结果表明：戊唑醇、腈菌唑、丙环唑、抑霉唑、三唑酮、咪鲜胺、嘧菌酯、十三吗啉8种药剂对橡胶树白根病菌均具有较高的敏感性,抑菌效果较好,其EC50在0.017 7～6.013 6 μg/mL,其中戊唑醇的毒力最强,EC50为0.017 7 μg/mL;腈菌唑、丙环唑、抑霉唑的抑制作用较强,其EC50分别为0.027 8、0.045 6和0.077 3 μg/mL。甲基托布津抑菌效果最差,EC50为41.299 0 μg/mL。 相似文献
4.
采用菌丝生长速率法测定了12种杀菌剂对3株橡胶树褐根病菌的抑菌能力。结果表明：百菌清、腈菌唑、咪鲜胺、三唑酮、戊唑醇、异菌脲、抑霉唑、十三吗啉、丙环唑9种药剂对橡胶树褐根病菌的毒力较强,抑菌效果较好,对橡胶树褐根病菌的EC50在0.013 2～2.972 6 μg/mL,其中丙环唑和戊唑醇的EC50均小于0.1 μg/mL,对橡胶树褐根病菌的抑制效果最佳;嘧菌酯、甲基硫菌灵的效菌效果较差;多菌灵对褐根病菌的抑制效果最差,3株褐根病菌的EC50在138.655 0～492.298 2 μg/mL。 相似文献
5.
为明确不同杀菌剂对甘蔗梢腐病病原菌的抑菌效果以便后续科学地指导病害防治,本文分别使用42.4%唑醚·氟酰胺悬浮剂,62.5 g/L精甲·咯菌腈悬浮种衣剂,250 g/L苯醚甲环唑乳油,325 g/L苯甲·嘧菌酯悬浮剂,25%吡唑醚菌酯乳油,43%氟菌·肟菌酯悬浮剂,60%唑醚·代森联水分散粒剂和19%啶氧·丙环唑悬浮剂对甘蔗梢腐病病原菌拟轮枝镰孢菌(Fusarium verticillioides)采用菌丝生长速率法进行室内药剂筛选,并通过扫描电镜(SEM)观测不同杀菌剂对病原菌孢子与菌丝的影响。结果表明,不同杀菌剂对病原菌菌丝生长均有一定抑制作用。扫描电镜结果表明,经不同杀菌剂处理后,病原菌孢子和菌丝均有不同程度的溃烂、畸形、干瘪甚至穿孔。其中,19%啶氧·丙环唑悬浮剂和325 g/L苯甲·嘧菌酯悬浮剂的抑菌效果较好,抑制中浓度(EC50)分别为0.260μg/mL和0.042μg/mL;而62.5 g/L精甲·咯菌腈悬浮种衣剂的抑菌效果较差,EC50高达2504.060μg/mL。供试药剂中,三唑类杀菌剂与甲氧基丙烯酸酯类杀菌剂的复配剂抑... 相似文献
6.
为明确噻呋酰胺对河南省小麦纹枯病菌的抑制活性,采用菌丝生长速率法测定了噻呋酰胺对2016年从河南省15个地市分离的98株病菌的毒力。结果表明,供试菌株对噻呋酰胺的EC_(50)值分布于0.009～0.405μg·mL~(-1),小麦纹枯病菌群体中存在对噻呋酰胺敏感性较低的亚群体,将其中呈连续单峰频次正态分布的大多数菌株的平均EC_(50)值(0.043±0.019μg·mL~(-1))作为病菌对噻呋酰胺的敏感性基线;方差分析及聚类分析显示,同一地市内的菌株对噻呋酰胺的敏感性(即EC_(50)值)差异较大,EC_(50)最大值和最小值之比为1.78～34.89,而不同地市的菌株对噻呋酰胺的敏感性差异不明显,噻呋酰胺EC_(50)平均值为0.035～0.155μg·mL~(-1),EC_(50)最大值是最小值的4.41倍,病菌对噻呋酰胺的敏感性与菌株的地理来源无明显相关性;噻呋酰胺对病菌的毒力与苯醚甲环唑、戊唑醇、井冈霉素及甲基立枯磷的毒力间无明显相关性。综上所述,河南省大部分小麦纹枯病菌菌株对噻呋酰胺较为敏感,可将其作为综合防控的备选药剂;生产中可将噻呋酰胺与苯醚甲环唑、戊唑醇、甲基立枯磷、井冈霉素4种药剂轮换或交替使用,以延长其使用寿命。 相似文献
7.
《中国马铃薯》2017,(5):296-301
为筛选可有效防治马铃薯坏疽病的杀菌剂,采用生长速率法测定了13种杀菌剂对马铃薯坏疽病病菌的抑菌作用,并对入选杀菌剂对坏疽病病菌的毒力进行了测定。结果表明,13种供试杀菌剂中有6种能有效抑制坏疽病病菌,但这6种杀菌剂毒力差异较大。EC50值由小到大依次为10%苯醚甲环唑ME3%甲霜·噁霉灵(秀苗)AS40%溴菌腈·多菌灵·福美双(炭息)WP62.5 g/L精甲·咯菌腈(亮盾)FS68%精甲霜·锰锌(金雷)WP80%代森锰锌(大生M-45)WP,其中10%苯醚甲环唑ME、3%甲霜·噁霉灵(秀苗)AS、40%溴菌腈·多菌灵·福美双(炭息)WP的EC50值均小于1μg/m L,说明病原菌对这3种杀菌剂更为敏感。该试验为田间防治马铃薯坏疽病提供了科学依据。 相似文献
8.
通过菌落生长速率法对我国芒果新病害——芒果畸形病病菌层出镰刀菌(Fusarium proliferatum)进行室内药剂筛选,以期为该病害的大田防治提供参考。结果表明:从9种单剂EC50和斜率综合来看,咪鲜胺锰盐(EC50为0.075μg/mL、斜率0.85)和多菌灵(EC50为0.3μg/mL、斜率3.69),应用潜力最大,其次是戊唑醇、丙环唑、氟硅唑、多.福.溴菌腈和甲基硫菌灵。29个复配组合中仅有3个配比组合表现出增效作用,其中丙环唑与多.福.溴菌腈以2∶3配比时增效最明显;其次是咪鲜胺锰盐与多.福.溴菌腈、多.福.溴菌腈与甲基硫菌灵分别以1∶4和2∶3的配比也表现出一定的增效作用。其余组合则表现相加或拮抗作用。 相似文献
9.
以丰禾96母本为对象,研究包衣40%咯菌腈·氟唑菌酰羟胺(B)、喷雾硅(Si)和10%叶菌唑(Y)对玉米叶片代谢、茎腐病防治效果和产量的影响。结果表明,包衣40%咯菌腈·氟唑菌酰羟胺20 mL/100 kg种子+10%叶菌唑1 000 mg/L喷雾+施硅2 000 mg/L喷雾(BY10Si)的净光合速率、蒸腾速率和叶绿素含量都最高,分别为19.80μmol/(m2·s)、4.10 mmol/(m2·s)和62.68,较CK(不喷施杀菌剂)增加32.9%、25.8%和17.8%;包衣40%咯菌腈·氟唑菌酰羟胺20 mL/100 kg种子+10%叶菌唑667 mg/L喷雾+施硅2 000 mg/L喷雾(BY15Si)的病情指数最低,防效最高,为47.2%。BY10Si处理百粒重和穗重都最重,分别为34.56 g和136.33 g;产量最高,为11 247.45 kg/hm2,较CK增产20.0%,且均与CK差异显著。玉米播种前包衣40%咯菌腈·氟唑菌酰羟胺,在玉米生长期喷雾可溶性硅和叶菌唑能有效降低茎腐病的发生程度,同时提... 相似文献
10.
采用菌丝生长速率法,以噁霉灵原药为对照药剂,从62种环烷基磺酰胺类化合物中筛选出436、MSQ8和WML-1等3种对拟轮枝镰孢菌菌丝生长有明显抑制作用的化合物,其EC_(50)分别为11.42μg/mL、20.85μg/mL和33.76μg/mL,高于或接近于对照药剂噁霉灵的EC_(50)(20.77μg/mL)。对拟轮枝镰孢菌分生孢子萌发抑制进行试验,结果表明,化合物WML-1、MSQ8和436的EC_(50)分别为165.25μg/mL、185.12μg/mL和274.46μg/mL,均低于对照药剂噁霉灵的EC_(50)(65.81μg/mL)。qRT-PCR结果表明,3种药剂处理后对伏马菌素的生物合成基因表达无明显影响。 相似文献
11.
Alejandro Carlos Tozzini María Fernanda Ceriani María Verónica Saladrigas H. Esteban Hopp 《Potato Research》1991,34(3):317-324
Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets
that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and
slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging
toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta.
Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X1 (also called RXact). 相似文献
12.
Summary The viability of five pathogens was decreased by treatment with hot water when tested in vitro.Polyscytalum pustulans was most sensitive andRhizoctonia solani least sensitive.
Potato tubers were exposed to 55°C for 5 min in a commercial continuous hot water treatment plant using naturally contaminated
seed tubers and tubers which had been inoculated by dipping in comminuted cultures. The frequency of eyes colonised byP. pustulans, Helminthosporium solani, andR. solani was reduced to virtually zero and the effect persisted on tubers subsequently stored at 4°C and at 15°C for up to 16 wk.
Results withColletotrichum coccodes were inconclusive. Treatment suppressedPenicillium spp. which, however, rapidly recolonised the eyes during storage, leading to higher contamination levels in the treated than
in the untreated tubers. With tubers inoculated withPhoma foveata, good control was achieved when the incubation period before treatment was 10 d but not when the period was 42 d. 相似文献
13.
M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
14.
Summary Flying aphids were trapped throughout the summer on a vertical net downwind of a plot of PVY-infected potato plants. Of 6769
individuals caught, 165 transmitted PVY to tobacco test seedlings. Of 119 species or species groups caught, 20 were found
to be vectors of which nine had not been recorded previously.Brachycaudus helichrysi, Myzus persicae, Phorodon humuli andAphis species accounted for 90% of transmissions andB. helichrysi alone for 52% of transmissions. The prospects of using this information to assess the amount of virus spread in a potato
crop and of forecasting the timing and abundance of the main vectors are discussed.
Zusammenfassung Im Abwind einer Parzelle mit PVY-infizierten Kartoffelpflanzen (7% PVYO, 4% PVYN, 89% beide) wurden fliegende Blattl?use in zwei vertikalen Netzen (4,4 m × 1,4 m mit hexagonalen L?chern mit 1,5 mm Durchmesser) gefangen und anschliessend auf Tabaks?mlinge überführt, um zu prüfen, ob sie PVY übertragen. Die Blattl?use wurden vom 8. Juni bis zum 8. August 1984 normalerweise an einem Tag pro Woche von 10 bis 17 Uhr gefangen. Im Laufe von 12 Fangtagen wurden 6769 sachte 52% der übertragungen bei nur 15% der totalen Fangzahl (Tab. 3).B. helichrysi mitMyzus persicae, Phorodon humuli und Species des GenusAphis ergaben sich als 90% der übertragenden Individuen bei nur 32% der gefangenen Proben. Acht Prozent der gefangenenB. helichrysi waren übertr?ger, dagegen nur 4,7% vonM. persicae. B. helichrysi k?nnte als Vektor besonders wichtig sein, weil sie in der Vegetationszeit Blattl?use von 119 Species oder Speciesgruppen gefangen, von denen 165 (2,44%) Tabak mit PVY inokulierten (Tab. 1). 133 Blattl?use übertrugen PVYO und 32 übertrugen PVYN (und m?glicherweise auch PVYO). 20 Species oder Speciesgruppen waren Vektoren, von denen 9 (Cryptomyzus ballotae, Hyperomyzus lactucae, Metopolophium festucae, Myzus ligustri, M. myosotidis, Myzaphis rosarum, Sitobion avenae, S. fragariae undUroleucon spp.) erstmalig beschriebene Vektoren sind.Brachycaudus helichrysi verurfrüh auftritt (Tab. 2), wenn die Pflanzen am anf?lligsten sind und die Virus-Translokation zu den Knollen am schnellsten stattfindet. Die Aussichten zum Gebrauch dieser Information zur Absch?tzung des Aufbaues von Virusbefall im Bestand und die Aussichten für eine Vorhersage der Menge der wichtigsten Vektoren werden diskutiert. Es ist dringend erforderlich, die Biologie vonB. helichrysi zu untersuchen.
Résumé Deux filets verticaux (4,40 m × 1,40 m à mailles héxagonales de 1,5 mm de diamètre) sont placés face au vent pour la capture des pucerons dans une parcelle de plants de pommes de terre contaminés par PVY (7% PVYO, 4% PVYN, 89% par les deux) puis les pucerons sont transferrés sur des plantules de tabac en milieu clos pour tester la transmission de PVY. Les captures de pucerons ont eu lieu du 8 juin au 8 ao?t 1984, en général à raison d'un journée par semaine, de 10 heures à 17 heures. Pendant les 12 premiers jours, 6769 pucerons de 119 espèces ou groupes d'espèces ont été capturés, les plantules de tabac ayant été inoculées par PVY avec 165 pucerons (2,44%) (tabl. 1). 133 pucerons étaient vecteurs de PVYO et 32 de PVYN (et probablement PVYO). 20 espèces ou groupes d'espèces étaient des vecteurs dont 9 récemment enregistrés (Cryptomyzus ballotae, Hyperomyzus lactucae, Metopolophium festucae, Myzus ligustri, M. myosotidis, Myzaphis rosarum, Sitobion avenae, S. fragariae etUroleucon spp.).Brachycaudus helichrysi représentait 52% des transmissions mais seulement 15% du total capturé (tabl. 3).B. helichrysi, Myzus persicae, Phorodon humuli et les espèces du gèneAphis représentaient 90% des transmissions et 32% des captures seulement. 8,0% deB. helichrysi capturé a transmis le virus contre, 4,7% pourM. persicae. B. helichrysi peut être particulièrement important comme vecteur dans la mesure ou il appara?t t?t en saison (tabl. 2) lorsque les plantes sont très sensibles et la translocation di virus aux tubercules la plus rapide. Les perspectives à partir de cette connaissance sont discutées en vue d'analyser l'évolution du virus dans une culture et les prévisions de l'abondance des plus importants vecteurs. Une plus grande connaissance de la biologie deB. helichrysi devient urgente.相似文献
15.
利用高通量测序分析明确玉米黑粉菌菌瘤内菌粉培养液中内生细菌种类，结合16SrDNA分析，分离并鉴定在培养液中占比最高的菌株。以溶菌酶及Amp处理玉米黑粉菌冬孢子为对照，显微镜下观察菌瘤内内生细菌对玉米黑粉菌冬孢子萌发的影响。结果表明，在4份样品的菌粉培养液中，肠杆菌属细菌的占比在90%以上。当肠杆菌大量增殖时对黑粉菌的冬孢子萌发产生影响，可引起黑粉菌的冬孢子发生质壁分离，释放原生质体，部分原生质体再生成菌体；也可以使冬孢子壁直接被降解，原生质体萎缩。研究发现，玉米黑粉菌菌瘤内的内生细菌以肠杆菌为主，该内生细菌对黑粉菌的冬孢子萌发产生影响。 相似文献
16.
Ulla Bång 《Potato Research》1989,32(1):101-112
Summary Various haulm treatments and harvest times differentially influenced the incidence of storage rots in potato tubers (Solanum tuberosum L.) in field experiments in Sweden performed over 4 years. The incidence of gangrene caused byPhoma foveata Foister (Phoma exigua var.foveata (Foister) Boerema) increased in cv. Bellona after spraying haulms with diquat as did the amount of infection caused byFusarium avenaceum (Corda ex. Fr.) Sacc. in all three cultivars (Bintje, Bellona, and Magnum Bonum). The lowestP. foveata infection levels occurred after pulling haulms. Late harvesting increased the frequency ofP. foveata in cvs Bintje and Bellona both at 2 and 4 wks interval between haulm treatment and harvest. Tuber and visible stem infection
caused byP. foveata were correlated for cvs Bintje and Bellona, but not for cv. Magnum Bonum. The possible relation between tuber and stem infection
is discussed. 相似文献
17.
Joseph E. Laferriere Charles W. Weber Edwin A. Kohlhepp 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1991,41(3):277-282
Teas of plant origin traditionally consumed by the Mountain Pima of Chihuahua, Mexico, were analyzed for mineral nutritional content. Fe, Cu, Zn, Ca, and Mg composition was determined for native teas made from shoots ofTagetes lucida, T. filifolia, Elytraria imbricata, andHolodiscus dumosus, and from root xylem ofCeanothus depressus andPhaseolus ritensis. Native uses of these teas are also described. 相似文献
18.
先玉335、郑单958和京科968抗虫能力的比较研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以先玉335、郑单958、京科968为材料,以玉米螟(Ostrinia furnacalis)、黏虫(Mythimna separata)和禾谷缢管蚜(Rhopalosiphum padi)为供试昆虫,探究玉米品系大喇叭口期对玉米螟和黏虫及抽雄期对禾谷缢管蚜抗性差异,测定其主要抗虫化合物丁布类物质的含量。结果发现,京科968对玉米螟及禾谷缢管蚜抗性均高于另外两个品系;对黏虫的抗性,郑单958和京科968高于先玉335。大喇叭口期京科968中丁布类物质含量最高,抽雄期郑单958和京科968中主要丁布成分含量均高于先玉335,上述组织中丁布合成相关基因在郑单958及京科968中的表达量也均高于先玉335。本研究揭示杂交玉米抗虫性与抗性相关化合物含量及其相关基因表达间存在正向相关关系,为抗虫玉米分子育种提供理论参考。 相似文献
19.
Summary The effect of the moisture level of potting compost at harvest on the susceptibility of tubers of three cultivars to late
blight was investigated in the glasshouse in three successive years. Three moisture regimes (dry, moist, wet) were imposed
at flowering time, the tubers harvested 3 weeks later and immediately dipped in a zoospore suspension ofPhytophthora infestans. Tubers from dry compost were significantly more susceptible than those from wet or moist compost, which showed similar levels
of susceptibility. 相似文献
20.
David Gramaje ngeles Aroca Rosa Raposo Jos García-Jimnez Josep Armengol 《Crop Protection》2009,28(12):1091-1097
The efficacy of fourteen selected fungicides against Phaeomoniella chlamydospora and Phaeoacremonium aleophilum was evaluated in vitro by mycelial growth and conidial germination assays. Azoxystrobin, carbendazim and tebuconazole were the most effective fungicides against P. chlamydospora, while carbendazim and didecyldimethylammonium chloride were the most effective against P. aleophilum. An assay was also conducted with cubiet, hydroxyquinoline sulphate and didecyldimethylammonium chloride to determine their potential to prevent infections caused by these pathogens during the hydration stage in grapevine propagation. The results of this experiment demonstrated that P. chlamydospora and P. aleophilum were able to infect healthy cuttings during the hydration stage and showed that didecyldimethylammonium chloride was consistently the best treatment as a disinfectant soak for grapevine cuttings. Additionally, semi-commercial trials were conducted in two grapevine nurseries to evaluate the effectiveness of several strategies with carbendazim, flusilazole and hydroxyquinoline sulphate at different nursery stages. Soaking planting material in carbendazim during the hydration stage was the most effective treatment since neither P. chlamydospora nor P. aleophilum were isolated from planting material in either nursery. 相似文献