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2019年-2020年在北京地区桃园病害调研普查时发现一种桃树病害的新发症状-新叶坏死,主要症状表现为当年新生枝条顶端新叶和生长点腐烂坏死。为明确这种新叶坏死症状是否由病原菌侵染引起,从北京平谷2个乡镇3个桃园采集35份病梢样品,经病样组织分离和菌株纯化,选取12个代表性菌株进行形态学鉴定、系统进化分析以及致病性测定。结果显示,通过形态学鉴定和多基因(ITS,Alt a1,gpd)系统发育分析,以上分离株均鉴定为链格孢Alternaria alternata;3株代表性菌株的致病性测定验证了A.alternata是引起新叶坏死症状的病原菌,并且该病原菌也能导致桃枝条和果实发病,产生黑斑病症状。这是首次报道A.alternata除了引起桃果实黑斑症状之外,还可以引起桃树新叶坏死症状,结果进一步丰富了链格孢侵染桃树的症状多样性,为链格孢引起的病害的整体防控提供了理论基础。 相似文献
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一株红棕象甲寄生真菌的分离鉴定 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
为明确一株红棕象甲寄生真菌的归属,采用形态学及分子生物学方法,从产孢表型、分生孢子特征和ITS序列测定等方面对其进行了分析鉴定。结果表明:该菌分生孢子梗粗短,顶端具2～5个瓶状小梗,分生孢子呈长椭圆形或圆柱形,大小为4.8～9.3μm×2.2～3.1μm;ITS通用引物扩增该菌得到了预期的558bp条带,其与金龟子绿僵菌小孢变种的支持率高达100%。因此,将该红棕象甲寄生真菌菌株鉴定为金龟子绿僵菌小孢变种Metarhiziumanisopliaevar.anisopliae。 相似文献
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正黑斑病是三七栽培生产中常见的一大病害,叶片受害产生近圆形或不规则水浸状病斑,常导致成株落叶、幼苗生长点及茎秆顶端腐烂枯死。其病原一般认为是链格孢属真菌人参链格Alternaria panax Whetzel~([1,2]),也有相关研究证明黑斑病病原为细链格孢Alternaria tenuis Nees~([3]),后定名为链格孢Alternaria alternata Keissl~([4])。本研究利用ITS序列和histone 3部分编码序列的PCR鉴定,结合形态学鉴定,分析三七主产区黑斑病菌的组成和分布情况及几种病原菌的致病力差异,以期为三七黑斑病防治提供理论依据。 相似文献
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北疆沿天山北坡一带葡萄穗轴褐枯病病原菌的鉴定 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
2015年在新疆沿天山北坡一带的‘夏黑’葡萄上,出现了一种果穗穗轴变褐、枯死、幼果萎缩的病害,部分果园发病率达到100%,减产30%~50%。为了查明其发病原因,采用常规组织分离法对发病的穗轴进行了病原分离和纯化,共获得104个链格孢属真菌Alternariaspp.菌株,选取其中10个代表性菌株,通过常规形态学鉴定、致病性测定及核糖体内转录间隔区ITS(ITS1/ITS4)和组蛋白3基因序列分析,结果表明,引起该病害的病原有两个,分别是Alternaria tenuissima和A.alternata,与国内大部分葡萄产区报道的A.viticola不同。 相似文献
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东北地区四种常见禾本科杂草病原真菌资源调查及其致病性测定 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了解我国东北地区常见禾本科杂草病原真菌资源状况,于禾草生长季节对东北三省19个县市的稗草、狗尾草、马唐和虎尾草的发病情况进行了调查和采样。对病害样品用组织分离法分离获得186个真菌菌株,经形态学观察和rDNA ITS序列比对分析,鉴定到10个属的真菌。对其中分离率较高具代表性的或来自发病严重样品的31个菌株用人工接种法进行了致病性测定,明确了新月弯孢(Curvularia lunata)对稗草、狗尾草、马唐和虎尾草均有较强致病性,梭形凸脐蠕孢(Exserohilum fusiforme)和尖角凸脐蠕孢(E. monoceras)对稗草具有较强致病性,麦根腐平脐蠕孢(Bipolaris sorokiniana)、狗尾草平脐蠕孢(B. setariae)、嘴突凸脐蠕孢(E. rostratum)和链格孢(Alternaria spp.)对狗尾草具有较强致病性。不同菌株致病性有差异,一般来讲,对原寄主的致病性强于对其他寄主的致病性。研究结果丰富了禾草的病菌资源和信息,为真菌除草剂的研发奠定了基础。 相似文献
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引起葡萄叶斑病的链格孢种类的初步鉴定 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为明确北京市大兴区、顺义区和山西省襄汾县葡萄树上叶斑病的病原菌,利用组织分离法对病样进行分离纯化,采用多基因系统发育学分析(ITS,Alt a 1和gpd)和形态学对纯化后菌株进行鉴定,并结合柯赫氏法则对其进行验证。结果表明,共获得37株链格孢属真菌菌株,分属链格孢Alternaria alternata、葡萄链格孢A. viniferae和乔木链格孢A. arborescens,柯赫氏法则检测结果显示接种菌株对所接叶片与果穗均具致病性,说明这3种链格孢种均为葡萄叶斑病的病原菌;葡萄链格孢为主要的病原菌,有28株,故将该类病害命名为葡萄链格孢叶斑病;此外,该类菌株在2～40℃之间均能生长,25℃为最适生长温度。 相似文献
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河南省五种常见禾本科杂草病原真菌种类调查与部分菌株的致病性测定 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了解河南省常见禾本科杂草上的病原真菌种类状况,于禾本科杂草生长季节对河南9个县市的稗草、狗尾草、马唐、牛筋草和虎尾草的发病情况进行了调查和采样.从72份样本中共分离获得152个真菌菌株,对产孢的131个菌株经形态学观察和rDNA ITS序列比对分析,鉴定出9个属的真菌,其中70株鉴定为16种.明确了平脐蠕孢属、弯孢属、凸脐蠕孢属、内脐蠕孢属和长蠕孢属等蠕形分生孢子真菌是狗尾草、马唐、稗草等常见禾本科杂草上的主要病原菌.对其中来自发病严重样品、产孢量大的30个菌株用人工接种法进行了致病性测定,狗尾草平脐蠕孢NY1菌株和新月弯孢zxl07289a菌株均对供试杂草表现出很强的致病性.研究结果丰富了禾本科杂草的病原真菌种类信息,为生物除草剂的研发提供了材料和参考. 相似文献
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为明确引起岗梅Ilex asprella枝枯病的病原,对从广东梅州采集的岗梅枝枯病病部分离的致病菌株Gangmei 2进行了形态学观察,并运用MEGA-X构建了病原菌株rDNA内转录间隔区(internal transcribed spacer, ITS)的系统发育树。结果显示:病原菌的形态学特征与拟盘多毛孢属Pestalotiopsis真菌相似,在系统发育树中该菌株与小孢拟盘多毛孢菌Pestalotiopsis microspora在同一分支上。因此,初步将岗梅枝枯病病原菌鉴定为小孢拟盘多毛孢菌P.microspora。 相似文献
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A severe rot of postharvest fruits of sweet pepper, a variety of Capsicum annuum, was found in Kagawa Prefecture in southwestern Japan in August 1999. A fungus, isolated repeatedly from the diseased fruits
and identified as Stemphylium lycopersici, was demonstrated to be pathogenic to fruits of sweet pepper. The disease was new to Japan, and the fungus was added to the
pathogens causing fruit rot of C. annuum. 相似文献
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为了解新疆天山野果林中塞威士苹果Malus sieversii与其林下伴生植物短距凤仙花Impatiens brachycentra两种植物叶斑病病原菌的多样性及同源性,采用组织分离法获得病原菌,基于rDNA-ITS序列构建系统发育树,并进行ITS序列BLAST同源性比对,对病原菌进行鉴定分类,并依据科赫氏法则测定致病性。结果显示,从新疆新源县天山野果林中的塞威士苹果及短距凤仙花病叶上共分离得到18株菌落形态各异的病原菌,分属于2属4种,绝大多数属于半知菌亚门。其中,链格孢属Alternaria sp.为塞威士苹果和短距凤仙花叶斑病病原真菌中的优势菌群。致病性测定结果显示,其中11株病原真菌对塞威士苹果具有致病性,7株病原真菌对短距凤仙花具有致病性;塞威士苹果所有的病原真菌对短距凤仙花均有致病性,而且短距凤仙花所有的病原真菌对塞威士苹果也有致病性。推测2种植物叶斑病可能由相同来源的病原真菌引发,短距凤仙花染病加剧了塞威士苹果叶斑病暴发,可能是野果林退化的重要原因。 相似文献
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Nobuya Tashiro Ayako Urakawa Kazuyuki Shoji Yoichi Matsuo Toyozo Sato 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2018,84(5):381-385
In early January 2015–2017, anthracnose was detected on Satsuma mandarin orange (SMO) (Citrus unshiu) fruits kept in farmers’ storage rooms in Saga Prefecture, Japan. Three single-spore isolates from rotten fruits reproduced the postharvest anthracnose symptoms in wound-inoculated SMO fruits and were re-isolated from lesions. The isolates were identified as Colletotrichum fioriniae based on conidial morphology, culture characteristics, rDNA-ITS, and beta-tubulin-2 gene sequences. This is the first report of postharvest anthracnose on SMO caused by C. fioriniae. 相似文献
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Eveline N. Lima Andréia H. Oster Patricia N. Bordallo Antonio A. C. Araújo Diene E. M. Silva Cristiano S. Lima 《Plant pathology》2021,70(1):133-143
Fusarium rot on melon fruits is a postharvest disease and its importance in Brazil is increasing since its first report in 1999. Initially this disease was attributed to the fungus Fusarium semitectum based on pathogen morphology. However, there is controversy regarding the aetiology of this disease because, in the current species concept based on phylogenetic analysis, F. semitectum is regarded as a synonym to different Fusarium species. With the objective of elucidating the disease aetiology in Northeast Brazil, Fusarium isolates were obtained from melon fruits showing rot symptoms in the main producing areas of the country. From the phylogenetic analyses of TEF1 and RPB2 gene sequences, the isolates were identified as belonging to two phylogenetic species of the Fusarium incarnatum-equiseti species complex (FIESC), one in the Incarnatum clade (Fusarium sulawense) and the other in the Equiseti clade, which corresponds to a new lineage. The newly identified lineage is close to Fusarium lacertarum. Isolates from the two species showed morphological characteristics typical of the Incarnatum and Equiseti clades, agreeing with the molecular identification, and were pathogenic when inoculated on melon fruits. This is the first report of F. sulawense on melon fruits. The data generated in this study are potentially useful for a better management of the fusarium rot on melon. 相似文献
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Botryodiplodia theobromae, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides andGliocephalotrichum microchlamydosporum are the causal fungi of three rambutan postharvest diseases, stemend rot, anthracnose and brown spot, respectively. Two different
treatments of rambutan fruits to control the diseases were investigated: application of potassium metabisulphite (250 ppm)
or culture filtrate ofTrichoderma harzianum (TrH 40) followed by controlled atmosphere storage (CA) at 13.5°C and 95% r.h. Potassium metabisulphite at 250 ppm under
CA effectively controlled the incidence and severity of the three postharvest diseases and maintained the eating quality and
color of the fruit for 21 days. The greatest effect of this treatment was on brown spot disease, caused byG. microchlamydosporum. Application of TrH 40 was less effective than potassium metabisuphite.
http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting July 8, 2002. 相似文献
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马铃薯糖苷生物碱对枸杞镰孢菌果腐病的诱导抗性及相关防御酶活性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探索马铃薯糖苷生物碱诱导采后枸杞鲜果抗病性的效应,采用菌丝生长速率法测定了离体条件下马铃薯糖苷生物碱对枸杞鲜果采后主要致腐病原菌镰孢菌Fusarium sp.的抑菌活性;采用浸泡处理法测定了马铃薯糖苷生物碱对采后枸杞鲜果发病病情指数及对果实多酚氧化酶(PPO)、过氧化物酶(POD)、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)等相关防御酶活性的影响。结果表明:不同浓度马铃薯糖苷生物碱对镰孢菌均具有一定的抑制作用,EC50为0.11 g/mL;0.05～0.25 g/mL(提取原料)的马铃薯糖苷生物碱能显著降低采后枸杞鲜果病情指数,较对照降低了10.18%～38.51%;以0.15 g/mL(提取原料)的马铃薯糖苷生物碱处理后对枸杞鲜果抗果腐病的诱导效果最好,达45.81%;马铃薯糖苷生物碱处理枸杞鲜果后,果实中4种防御酶PPO、POD、PAL、SOD的活性均较对照有不同程度提高,分别于处理后第4、5、2、2天与对照差异达到最大,较对照提高了30.76%、21.34%、31.35%和21.91%。表明马铃薯糖苷生物碱能够诱导枸杞鲜果对采后病害的抗性效应,且采后抗病性可能与枸杞相关防御酶活性的增加有关。 相似文献
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Sour rot, green mold and blue mold are postharvest diseases of citrus fruit. Benzimidazole and imidazole fungicides control
molds, and guazatine controls sour rot, but strains ofPenicillium spp. resistant to these chemicals have been reported. Aqueous formulations of fenpropimorph, a morpholine fungicide, are
very active in controlling fungi attacking postharvest citrus fruits. The fungicidal effect of the chemical in the coating
wax was investigated in combined treatments with guazatine in dip or spray applications on various citrus fruit varieties.
Fenpropimorph alone was as good as or a better curative and protective treatment than the current commercial treatments applied
in packinghouses in Israel for decay control. 相似文献
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D. Sivakumar R. S. Wilson Wijeratnam R. L. C. Wijesundera F. M. T. Marikar M. Abeyesekere 《Phytoparasitica》2000,28(3):240-247
Trichoderma harzianum (TrH 40) isolated from soil samples from rambutan orchards (Nephelium lappaceum) had antagonistic effects against three postharvest pathogens of rambutan:Botryodiplodia theobromae, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides andGliocephalotrichum microchlamydosporum, causative fungi of stem end rot, anthracnose and brown spot, respectively. The effects were due to both antibiosis and mycoparasitism.T. harzianum (TrH 40) treatment, while reducing the occurrence of the three postharvest diseases, also retained the overall quality and
color of the fruits. 相似文献
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灰霉菌(Botrytis cinerea)采后致病性研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
灰霉菌(Botrytis cinerea)是引起葡萄采后病害的主要病原真菌之一。葡萄灰霉菌可在田间潜伏侵染,采后由健康果实携带进入销售市场,该菌的显著致病症状为果实软腐和脱落。灰霉菌与葡萄的其它采后致病菌,如链格孢菌(Alternaria alternata)、镰刀菌(Fusarium sp.)、芽枝霉(Cladosporium sp.)、青霉菌(Penicillium sp.)、黑曲霉(Aspergillus nigar)和粉红单端孢菌(Trichothecium roseum)相比,不仅表现出明显的潜伏侵染优势,而且具有较强的低温(4℃)条件下的致病优势。4℃低温下灰霉菌在寄主葡萄体外和体内分泌多聚半乳糖醛酸酶(PG)活力均显著高于以上各菌,而在25℃下无显著差异,这一结果与该2种温度下灰霉菌接种果实后的症状表现一致。 相似文献