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1.
保健食品—鱼泥制品采取营养丰富的水产品完全去骨、搅碎后混合一定的健康食品及蔬菜汁、调味料等，经成型、蒸煮、真空包装而成。鱼泥制品属于鱼糜深加工制品，但与一般鱼糜制品口感上有较大区别。一般鱼糜制品主要通过肌原纤维蛋白形成网状凝胶结构，口感细嫩，有弹性；而鱼泥制品在通过肌原纤维蛋白形成网状凝胶结构的同时还借助蛋清蛋白发泡，并加入一定量的植物油， 相似文献
2.
鱼糜制品是以鱼肉为原料，配以一定量的淀粉、水和调味料，经成型加热而成。鱼糜制品的弹性是一项极其重要的感官指标。质量好的鱼糜制品，必须是味道鲜美、富有弹性。鱼糜制品的弹性，主要是由于鱼类肌肉中肌原纤维蛋白质在热的作用下，发生不可逆变性收缩，从而形成富有弹性的网状结构。因此，原料鱼的肌原纤维蛋白质的含量，是决定鱼糜制品弹性好坏的首要条件。 相似文献
3.
鱼糜凝胶过程及影响因素 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
鱼糜制品在我国、日本以及韩国都有很长的历史,由于它是一种高蛋白质、低胆固醇、低热、低盐食品,所以日益受到消费者的欢迎。鱼糜制品要求有良好的弹性、风味、色泽,其中最主要的是弹性。鱼糜制品的弹性是硬度、伸缩性以及粘性的综合体现,主要取决于鱼糜中蛋白质胶凝的情况。凝胶化是鱼糜制品的技术关键,只有经过充分凝胶化的鱼糜制品才富有弹性,有良好的口感,因此探讨鱼糜凝胶机理对于鱼糜制品的生产有着极其重要的指导意义。一、鱼鹰的制作过程原料鱼十预处理～清洗～采肉十漂洗一脱水～绞肉十精滤十擂清一成型～凝胶一加热十包装… 相似文献
4.
鳊鱼鱼糜蛋白质结构与凝胶特性关系的研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
蛋白质对于鱼糜凝胶形成具有重要作用,通过研究鳊鱼鱼糜贮藏过程中肌球蛋白化学作用力、激光拉曼光谱等的变化探讨蛋白质结构对鱼糜凝胶形成的影响。结果发现,鱼糜在-80℃、-20℃冻藏过程中,肌球蛋白含量、离子键、氢键与疏水相互作用含量呈现先快后慢的二段式下降趋势,与其凝胶强度变化趋势一致;在0℃和5℃贮藏过程中,肌球蛋白含量、离子键和氢键含量呈不断下降的趋势,与凝胶强度变化趋势基本一致,而疏水相互作用为先增加后减少,由此可见,肌球蛋白含量、离子键和氢键含量在维持鱼糜蛋白高级结构上起着重要的作用。激光拉曼光谱结果显示α-螺旋结构是维持鳊鱼糜蛋白质网状结构的主要构象,在贮藏过程中,部分α-螺旋结构转变成无规卷曲,使包埋于肌球蛋白分子内的疏水性残基暴露于分子表面,进而发生蛋白变性;贮藏温度越高,无规卷曲结构越多,蛋白变性程度越大,表现在凝胶强度降低越多。鱼糜贮藏过程中蛋白质结构变化的研究对于阐明鱼糜凝胶形成机理和防止鱼糜蛋白变性具有一定意义。 相似文献
5.
为研究鲜活和不同加热温度下刺参体壁组织构造及其胶原纤维结构的变化,采用VanGieson染色法观察组织构造、采用细胞分裂扫描电镜法(cell-maceration/SEM)观察胶原纤维结构,同时利用示差扫描量热仪(DSC)测定刺参肌肉蛋白质的热收缩温度。结果发现,在不同加热温度条件下,刺参体壁组织构造及其胶原纤维结构均发生显著变化。随着加热温度的升高,刺参肌肉组织中纤维逐渐聚集交联,形成多孔网状结构;蛋白质发生热变性、胶原纤维结构收缩,导致纤维排列紧密,纤维间孔隙度呈减小趋势。与刺参整体组织构造的变化相比,胶原纤维结构的变化尤其明显。鲜活刺参体壁肌肉蛋白质的热收缩温度为68.92℃,加热过程中蛋白质的热变性是引起其构造变化的主要原因。 相似文献
6.
提高鱼肉凝胶强度的措施 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
利用淡水和海水产低值小杂鱼加工制作的鱼糜制品,是人们获取鱼肉型食物的重要来源,由于食用方便、味美形好、烹调简单等因素,深受消费者的喜爱。不过,目前鱼糜制品品种单调,制品质量有待提高,极大地限制了鱼糜制品的消费量。为此,国内外研究人员在增加鱼糜制品品种和提高鱼糜制品质量方面进行了研究,并取得了大量成果。衡量鱼糜制品质量的主要指标有弹性、口味、质地、形态等,其中制品弹性是鱼糜制品质量的重要指标。鱼肉肌肉中盐溶性蛋白质——肌原纤维蛋白质,是鱼肉形成弹性凝胶体的主要成分,是形成制品弹性的重要来源。鱼肉肌肉中肌原纤… 相似文献
7.
鲢鱼糜凝胶形成过程中化学作用力及蛋白质构象的变化 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
采用化学法、激光拉曼光谱、圆二色谱等先进的现代检测分析手段,研究鲢（Hypophthalmichthys molitrix）鱼糜凝胶形成过程中离子键、氢键、疏水相互作用、二硫键、非二硫共价键等化学作用力对鱼糜凝胶形成的作用,并对蛋白质构象进行了表征,探索化学作用力及蛋白质构象对鲢鱼糜凝胶网络结构形成的作用。结果表明,在鱼糜凝胶形成过程中,离子键、氢键显著减少,而疏水相互作用、二硫键、非二硫共价键显著增加。疏水相互作用、二硫键、非二硫共价键是维持鲢鱼糜凝胶稳定结构的主要化学作用力。40℃和90℃两段加热过程中,鲢肌球蛋白的α-螺旋结构部分转变成转角和无规卷曲结构,以无规卷曲结构为主。鲢鱼糜凝胶中肌球蛋白的二级结构单元α-螺旋、转角、无规卷曲结构的百分含量分别为33．70％、12．40％、53．90％,其中α-螺旋和无规卷曲结构是维持鲢鱼糜凝胶网络结构的主要蛋白质构象。维持鲢鱼糜凝胶稳定结构的主要化学作用力为疏水相互作用、二硫键、非二硫共价键,主要蛋白质构象为α-螺旋和无规卷曲结构。[中国水产科学,2008,15（3）：469-475] 相似文献
8.
１ 介绍 鱼糜和盐混合、加热、形成三维蛋白质网络．一般认为这是蛋白质分子变性、变性分子相互作用形成十字联结的原因。决定鱼肉的凝胶形成能的因素有：鱼种、鱼质、含盐量、蛋白质含量和加工方法。 为了改善鱼肉凝胶结构性质、常在鱼糜中添加淀粉．糊化过程中连续发生了几个变化：颗粒膨胀、结晶区破裂、双折射降低、粘性提高和颗粒分裂。淀粉加热时鱼糜凝胶中淀粉的糊化可在一定范围内提高弹性、淀粉与鱼糜蛋白质的关系不明。 本文研究了添加淀粉对鱼肉凝胶弹性的影响、即淀粉颗粒膨胀糊化与鱼糜蛋白质凝胶的相互作用。２ 材料和方法２… 相似文献
9.
为探究超声预处理对鱼糜凝胶特性的影响,并进一步阐明凝胶特性变化与蛋白二级结构之间的相关性规律,本实验对鲢鱼糜进行超声预处理,探究超声过程中(0～50 min)凝胶强度、色泽、水分分布、微观结构、蛋白分子量以及二级结构的变化。结果显示,超声波处理10 min,鱼糜凝胶强度显著提高,束缚水的能力增强,凝胶网络结构更为致密;但随超声时间的增加,凝胶劣化,不易流动水转变为自由水。凝胶电泳及红外光谱结果显示,随着超声时间增加,鱼糜中蛋白未发生降解或聚集;二级结构中α-螺旋相对含量降低,β-折叠、无规则卷曲和β-转角相对含量增加。通过皮尔逊相关性分析可知,超声预处理促进蛋白质结构展开,更利于鱼糜在加工过程中形成均匀的网络结构,提高凝胶强度以及保水能力。研究表明,适量超声预处理可以通过改变鱼糜蛋白结构,改善鱼糜凝胶特性。本研究可为超声波技术在鱼糜制品加工中的应用提供参考。 相似文献
10.
加热对远东拟沙丁鱼鱼糜制品质量的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文对沙丁鱼鱼糜就不同的加热方法初步探讨了其最佳加热条件,采用了新的压出水分指标(Ip-A)方法评价鱼糜制品的保水性,讨论了加热方法和保水性的关系,并测定了鱼糜加热前后肌球蛋白的变化。结果表明:以 30℃ 120分钟、90℃ 30分钟和 40℃ 20分钟、90℃ 30分钟的加热方法,鱼糜制品的质量为好;60℃是远东拟沙丁鱼鱼糜的凝胶劣化温度。压出水分(Ip-A)与凝胶强度呈线性负相关(r=-0.9649);在30℃和40℃的凝胶化温度下,肌球蛋白残留量迅速下降.而在60℃加热时,下降反而缓慢;在90℃加热时,肌球蛋白的残留量与加热时间的对数呈线性负相关(r=-0.9957)。 相似文献
11.
M. M. Rahman M. Wille R. O. Cavalli P. Sorgeloos J. S. Clegg 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2004,230(1-4):569-579
Optimal conditions for heat shock (HS) were used to demonstrate induced thermotolerance (ITT) in larvae of the prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Larvae from three different broodstock nutritional regimes exhibited comparable degrees of ITT, which remained high for about 4 days. Survival and growth of larvae given the standard HS treatment (37 °C for 30 min) were not statistically different from those of controls, so the cost of mounting a heat shock response was not sufficient to reduce those parameters. However, the percentage of heat-shocked larvae undergoing metamorphosis appeared to be slightly lower than that of controls. Previously heat-shocked larvae withstood hypersalinity exposures much better than control larvae, but showed the same survival level when both were challenged with ammonia toxicity. We suggest that the use of induced thermotolerance might provide a means to improve the performance of larvae during transport and/or initial inoculation into grow-out ponds. The present paper provides the basis upon which that suggestion might be examined. 相似文献
12.
以热休克抑制受精卵第一次卵裂，进行日本沼虾四倍体诱导实验，热休克温度在３８、３９、４０和４１℃，于产卵２１０￣２３０分钟后，处理１￣２分钟均可获得四倍体胚胎，４０℃处理１．５分钟，四倍体胚胎诱导率达３６．８％，３８和３９℃处理２分钟后所获得的嵌合体胚胎比率大于四倍胚胎比率，而热休克温度４０℃时，四倍体率显著高于合体比率，４１℃处理时由于有丝分裂异常导致胚胎死亡率高，更适宜的处理时间有待进一步研究， 相似文献
13.
Temperature control is a major cost for numerous aquaculture systems. Solar thermal engineering techniques can be used to identify inexpensive methods for conserving and capturing heat. Gracilaria pacifica, also known as the culinary ingredient ogo, is currently grown in land-based tanks at a site in Goleta, CA where influent sea water temperatures infrequently reach the 21–28 °C range that provides for optimal growth. The major objective of this study was to explore various designs of a G. pacifica tank culture system that maintain optimal water temperature year round to maximize growth. A model was constructed and calibrated by comparing results to a one-third scale pilot system operated in Davis, CA. For model calibration the most sensitive parameter such as cover optical properties were adjusted first and less sensitive parameters were adjusted later. The pilot system consisted of six tanks, three insulated with foam and a clear polyethylene cover (experimental), and three uninsulated and uncovered (controls). The model had weather data inputs including air temperature, humidity, wind speed, and solar radiation. The model was then compared to a full-scale system operated in Santa Barbara during the winter. The experimental pilot system was 4.93 °C warmer than the control pilot system under optimal weather conditions. The full-scale experimental system was 2.80 °C warmer than the control system under non-ideal conditions. The model demonstrated predictive accuracy under most weather conditions. Furthermore the model is robust enough to accept estimated values for many inputs and still produce accurate results, this suggests a simpler model may be feasible. A polyethylene cover and insulation are not sufficient in general for raising the water temperature to the optimum range during the winter; they may be during other times of the year when more solar energy is available, thereby extending the growing season. 相似文献
14.
Svein Kristian Stormo Torstein Skåra Dagbjørn Skipnes Izumi Sone Mats Carlehög Karsten Heia 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2018,27(7):783-794
In this study, we targeted the surface bacteria of high quality vacuum-packed cod loins to investigate how this affected the shelf life. After heat processing, the storage temperature was kept at 4°C in order to mimic supermarket shelf conditions. Samples that had undergone minimal heating regimes were compared with control samples as well with samples that were heated into the core. Shelf life was assessed based on the findings of a sensory analysis and on microbial growth data and supported by measurements of liquid loss and pH. Surface pasteurization of these samples seems to prolong shelf life only to a limited degree, even for samples with a low initial contamination level. Transportation of some bacteria into the filet, possibly during the intense rigor mortis progress triggered by the heat process, may have created a general flux of water in the samples. Underneath the surface, these bacteria are exposed to a limited thermal load and very little microbial competition. Surface pasteurization is an efficient method to reduce microbial contamination of many foodstuffs. In the case of fresh fish, however, surface pasteurization seems to have a limited effect due to the structure of the muscle and the subsequent storage condition. 相似文献
15.
16.
Pedro M. Domingues Lorenzo Marquez Nelda López Carlos Rosas 《Aquaculture International》2009,17(3):283-299
The diet of frozen grass shrimp (P. varians) was compared to similar grass shrimp that had suffered either boiling, drying at 60°C, or freeze-drying by lyophilization
at −40°C. In experiment 1, cuttlefish fed the frozen shrimp were significantly larger (P < 0.05) at the end of 10 days and at the end of the experiment, compared with those fed the boiled or dried shrimp. Growth
rates were also higher for cuttlefish fed the frozen shrimp, compared with the remaining two. Growth rates were also higher
for cuttlefish fed the frozen shrimp, compared with the remaining two. In experiment 2, there were no differences in weight
(P > 0.05) between cuttlefish fed the frozen or the freeze-dried shrimp, whereas cuttlefish fed the dried shrimp were smaller
at the end of the experiment. Growth rates of cuttlefish fed the dried shrimp were lower, compared with those for cuttlefish
fed the frozen and freeze-dried shrimp, with no significant differences (P > 0.05) between them. Cuttlefish fed freeze-dried and frozen shrimp showed a higher trypsin activity compared to animals
fed boiled and dry (60°C) shrimp. A higher proportion of absorbed energy was channelled into biomass production in animals
fed frozen and freeze-dried shrimp (56% and 43%, respectively) than for animals fed oven-dried (60°C) or boiled shrimp. The
heat treatment suffered by the shrimp, either dry or wet, negatively affected diet quality, probably due to denaturation,
and loss (by boiling) of proteins and amino acids. Additionally, the heating processes may have oxidized the lipids to a large
extent, contributing to the loss of the polar lipids (polyunsaturated fatty acids), which are essential for cephalopods as
for other organisms. Freeze-drying by lyophilization (negative temperatures) did not affect the nutritional quality of the
shrimp. 相似文献
17.
刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)中国群体(C)和刺参韩国群体(K)进行完全的双列杂交,得到4个交配组合C(♀)×C(♂)、K(♀)×K(♂)、K(♀)×C(♂)和C(♀)×K(♂).各交配组合的子一代刺参在16℃、盐度为31的海水中暂养7d,然后转移到温度或盐度按以下4种方式改变的实验海水中:1)实验海水温度以1℃/h的速率上升;2)刺参被转移到梯度的高温海水(27℃、28℃、29℃、30℃和31℃)中;3)实验海水的盐度以2 psu/h的速率上升或者下降;4)刺参被迅速转移到梯度的高盐度(36、38、40、42和44)或者低盐度(21、19、17、15、13和11)的海水中.统计单个实验中刺参的存活率.结果显示,温度渐升时,C(♀)×C(♂)和C(♀)×K(♂)组的最高存活温度(Survival temperature maximum,STMax)显著高于K(♀)×K(♂)组,C(♀)×C(♂)和C(♀)×K(♂)组刺参存活率为50％时的温度(50％ critical temperature maximum,50％CTMax)显著高于其他2组(P＜0.05).温度突升时,两杂交组的半数致死高温(Median lethal temperature,LT50)高于韩国自交组,但低于中国自交组.单因素方差分析显示,盐度渐升时,C(♀)×K(♂)组的半数致死高盐(50％ critical salinity maximum,50％CSMax)显著高于韩国自交组(P＜0.05).盐度渐降时,K(♀)×C(♂)组的半数致死低盐(50％ critical salinity minimum,50％CSMin)显著低于K(♀)×K(♂)组(P＜0.05).盐度突降时,K(♀)×C(♂)组的耐受盐度下限(Lower salinity tolerance limit,LSTL)显著低于K(♀)×K(♂)组(P＜0.05).研究表明,中韩杂交刺参在温度和盐度耐受性方面有一定的杂种优势,意味着通过杂交育种,刺参的抗逆性能得到有效改善. 相似文献
18.
Dusty L. McDonald Paul D. Cason Britt W. Bumguardner Shane Bonnot 《Journal Of Applied Aquaculture》2013,25(4):308-319
The critical thermal maximum of juvenile spotted seatrout (SL range 18–33 mm) was determined using a temperature increase of +0.26°C per hour. The critical thermal maximum (water temperature that was lethal to 50% of the test fish [LT50]) for trial 1 was LT50 = 38.8°C, LT50 = 39.4°C for trial 2, and LT50 = 38.9°C for trial 3. Critical thermal maximums differed significantly (P < 0.05) between trials 2 and 3, whereas trial 1 did not differ among trials. This difference correlated with body size, where fish in trial 2 were significantly larger (P < 0.05) (mean = 27.6 ± 2.0 mm in SL) (mean ± SE) than the fish of trials 1 (mean = 23.1 ± 0.5 mm in SL) and 3 (mean = 21.5 ± 0.7 mm in SL), suggesting positive size dependence in the critical thermal maximum. 相似文献
19.
本文以青鳞鱼鱼肉为原料,采有冷水法和酶水解法制备提取物并对其在加热过程中的性质进行了研究。结果表明：①青鳞鱼鱼肉蛋白含量为68．3-71％且水溶性蛋白与水不溶性蛋白之比约为2：9;②酶水解法提取物非蛋白氮约为其总氮的50％．而冷水法提取物则为41．5％;③酶水解法提取物在50℃、60℃、70℃、80℃和90℃的温度条件下加热2h后．颜色明显加深,同时产生大量的呈香物质。但常规成分基本无变化;而冷水法提取物在同样的温度条件下,其颜色、滋味等感官特性变化不明显,但常规成分变化却明显;④提取物水溶性蛋白的变性温度为60—70℃,70—90℃时提取物总氮大部分是非蛋白氮。青鳞鱼提取物在加热过程中的这些性质为其加工和利用提供了重要的理论依据。 相似文献
20.
有机铬对热应激蛋鸡血清生化指标的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
目的,研究有机铬对热应激蛋鸡血清中某些生化指标的影响。方法,将处于热应激条件下的192只35周龄新罗曼褐壳蛋鸡随机分为6组,分别饲喂不添加铬的玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮和添加10、20、40及50mg/kg铬的试验饲粮49d结果:试验组中血糖、胆固醇、总蛋白、球蛋白平均含量均低于对照组,并且添加20mg/kg铬组的血糖、胆固醇、白蛋白含量与对照组相比差异显著(P<0.05)。对于AKP活性,添加40mg/kg铬组与对照组相比差异显著(P<0.05),其它各组间相比均为差异不显著(P>0.05)。对于尿酸含量,添加50mg/kg铬组与对照组相比为差异显著。结论:有机铬具有缓解热应激的作用。 相似文献