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1.
Five- to six-week-old crossbred pigs weighing 5 to 14 kg were given purified cyclopiazonic acid at dosages of 10, 1.0, 0.1, and 0.01 mg/kg body weight orally for 14 days. Clinical signs observed by day 7 in pigs given 10 mg/kg body weight were weakness, inactivity, anorexia, rough hair coats, and reduced body weights. These pigs also developed diarrhea during week 2 of the experiment. The pigs given 1.0 mg/kg body weight had rough hair coats and were moderately inactive during the second week of the experiment. At necropsy, lesions were observed only in pigs given 10 and 1.0 mg/kg body weight of cyclopiazonic acid. Lesions were gastric ulcers, mucosal hyperemia, and hemorrhage throughout the small and large intestine in pigs given 10 mg/kg body weight of cyclopiazonic acid. The pigs also had yellow, fibrononecrotic material in the lumen of the small intestine and pale livers. One pig given 1.0 mg/kg body weight had gastric ulceration. Microscopic lesions in pigs given 10 mg/kg body weight were necrotizing gastroenteritis, focal hepatocellular necrosis, hepatic peripheral lobular fatty change, and focal renal tubular nephrosis with focal suppurative tubulointerstitial nephritis. Pigs given 1.0 mg/kg body weight of cyclopiazonic acid had necrotizing gastritis and villous blunting in the jejunum and ileum.  相似文献   

2.
The study was performed to evaluate the efficacy of omeprazole powder in sterile water, administered intravenously, on gastric juice pH in adult horses with naturally occurring gastric ulcers. Omeprazole (0.5 mg/kg, IV) was administered once daily for 5 days to 6 adult horses with gastric ulcers. Gastric juice was aspirated through the biopsy channel of an endoscope and pH was measured before and 1 hour after administration of omeprazole on day 1, and then before and after administration of omeprazole on day 5. Gastric ulcer scores were recorded on day 1 before administration of omeprazole and on day 5, 23 hours after the 4th daily dose. Gastric juice pH and ulcer scores were compared between the times. When compared with the pre-injection value (2.01 +/- 0.42), mean +/- SD gastric juice pH was significantly higher when measured 1 hour after administration of the initial dose (4.35 +/- 2.31), and before (5.27 +/- 1.74) and 1 hour after (7.00 +/- 0.25) administration of omeprazole on day 5. Nonglandular gastric ulcer number score significantly decreased from a mean +/- SD of 3.2 +/- 0.80 to 2.0 +/- 1.1, but nonglandular gastric ulcer severity score remained the same. Few glandular ulcers were seen in the study, and scores did not change. Because of its potent and long duration of action on gastric juice pH, this intravenous formulation of omeprazole may show promise for treatment of equine gastric ulcer syndrome (EGUS) in horses with dysphagia, gastric reflux, or other conditions that restrict oral intake of omeprazole paste. Aspiration of gastric juice and measurement of pH can be of use to determine whether the desired pH > 4.0 has been reached after omeprazole treatment.  相似文献   

3.
Three groups of pigs (total 23 pigs) were fed ad libitum from weaning until market weight and these were compared with three groups of pigs (total 26 pigs) fed ad libitum until 12 weeks of age, and then fed on a restricted regimen (twice per day) until marketed.
There was a significant difference in degree of ulceration between the two feeding regimens; those pigs fed ad libitum had the most severe gastric ulcers.
The pigs fed ad libitum , had significantly less agonistic interactions per minute than did the restricted fed pigs. Growth rates of the pigs from weaning to market weight did not differ significantly in the two regimens, although the average pig on ad libitum feeding consumed 182.9 kg, and the restricted fed pigs ate 148.2 kg per pig.  相似文献   

4.
OBJECTIVE: To assess the value of s-methylmethionine sulphonium chloride (SMMSC) (200 mg/kg) on nutritional performance of pigs and as prevention or therapy for oesophagogastric ulcers. DESIGN: Sixty pigs from a high health status herd with continuing oesophagogastric ulcer problems were endoscopically assessed for the presence or absence of oesophagogastric ulcers. Forty-eight pigs were then selected and allocated according to an initial oesophagogastric epithelial (ulcer score) classification to replicated treatment groups in a 2 x 2 factorial design. Weight gain and feed intake were measured over 49 d, after which pigs were killed and stomachs were collected, re-examined and scored for oesophagogastric ulceration. RESULTS: There was no difference over the 49 d in weight gain, feed intake and backfat in pigs with and without SMMSC supplementation between pigs with or without fully developed oesophagogastric ulcers at the start of the study. In pigs with an initially low ulcer score, feeding SMMSC did not prevent further oesophagogastric ulcer development. No significant effect of SMMSC was apparent when final mean oesophagogastric ulcer scores were compared in pigs with existing high ulcer score. However, further analysis of the changes in individual pig oesophagogastric ulcer scores during the experiment showed that the observed reductions in scores of the high ulcer group was significantly different from all other groups. CONCLUSION: This study has indicated that supplementation of pig diets with SMMSC cannot be justified unless the slight ulcer score improvement observed could be translated to some commercial production advantage such as a reduction in pig mortalities due to oesophagogastric ulcers. This study has further confirmed the benefit of endoscopy as a tool to enable objective assessment of oesophageal gastric health.  相似文献   

5.
Four experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of diet and the administration of H2-antagonists in feed on gastric ulcer formation and performance of growing-finishing swine. Pigs receiving a finely ground diet (less than lmm) grew faster (.73 vs .68 kg/d, P less than .01) and had better feed utilization (3.47 vs 3.76, P less than .01) than pigs receiving a cracked corn-based diet. Incidence of ulcers in the esophageal region of the stomach of pigs fed the finely ground diet was greater (P less than .01) than in pigs fed cracked corn. The average daily gain of pigs receiving the finely ground diet was inversely related to ulcer incidence (r = .403, P less than .01, df = 59). The addition of 5, 10, 20 or 100 ppm of the H2-antagonist, metiamide, or 6, 18 or 54 ppm of SK&F 93479 to the finely ground diet did not improve pig performance or affect the incidence of gastric ulceration. The addition of 2, 6 and 18 ppm of SK&F 93479 to a corn-soy diet containing 4.5% alfalfa meal caused a reduction in gastric ulceration (P less than .05) and improved feed utilization by 3.2% (P less than .05). These data suggest that finely ground diets improve the performance of growing-finishing swine, but increase the incidence of ulcers in the esophageal region of the stomach. Severe gastric ulceration adversely affects swine performance. Feeding H2-antagonists does not reduce the ulcerogenic properties of finely ground diets, suggesting factors other than gastric acid secretion are involved in ulcerogenesis. The use of H2-antagonists in corn-soy diets improves feed utilization and reduces ulceration.  相似文献   

6.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy of florfenicol for treatment of calves with naturally occurring infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK). DESIGN: Randomized controlled field trial. ANIMALS: 63 beef calves and 80 dairy calves between 4 and 12 months of age. PROCEDURE: Calves were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatment groups. Calves in the SC treatment group received a single dose of florfenicol (40 mg/kg [18.2 mg/lb of body weight), SC, on day 0. Calves in the IM treatment group received florfenicol (20 mg/kg [9.1 mg/lb]), IM, on days 0 and 2. Calves in the control group received injections of saline solution (0.9% NaCl), IM, on days 0 and 2. Calves were reevaluated every other day for 20 days after treatment. RESULTS: Corneal ulcers healed by day 20 in 48 of 49 (98%) calves treated with florfenicol IM, 39 of 42 (93%) calves treated with florfenicol SC, and 33 of 52 (63%) control calves. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Florfenicol administered SC (1 dose) or IM (2 doses 48 hours apart) was effective for treatment of calves with naturally occurring IBK.  相似文献   

7.

Background

The natural feeding behaviour of the pig is searching for feed by rooting activities throughout the day; self-feeding pigs randomly space their eating and drinking periods throughout the day consuming ten to twelve meals per day. Pigs in conventional fattening pig production are normally fed 2–3 times daily with the feed consumed within 15 minutes. The aim of this study was to determine if more frequent feedings could improve the performance of conventionally kept fattening pigs.

Methods

The experiment was carried out on 360 fattening pigs (27–112 kg live weight), weighed and assigned to pens stratified by weight and sex. Each treatment group consisted of 180 pigs, allocated to 20 pens with nine pigs in each pen. To evaluate how more feeding occasions affects performance and well-being the pigs were divided into two groups and fed three (control group) or nine (treatment group) times daily. The same total amount of liquid feed was fed to each group and the feed ration was correlated to the live weight of the pigs. All weight and slaughter recordings were made individually and recordings of feed consumption were made pen-wise. At slaughter the stomach of each pig was examined for lesions in the pars oesophagea and scored on a scale from 1–6.

Results

Frequent feeding occasions influenced both performance and status of gastric lesions of the pigs adversely. Pigs in the treatment group grew slower compared to pigs in the control group; 697 g/day (± 6.76) versus 804 g/day (± 6.78) (P < 0.001) with no difference in within-pen variation. There was also a lower prevalence of gastric lesions within pigs in the control group (2.4 (± 0.12) compared to 3.0 (± 0.12) (P < 0.01)). There was a positive correlation between gastric lesions in the treatment group and daily weight gain (r = 0.19; P < 0.01).

Conclusion

Increased daily feeding occasions among group housed pigs resulted in a poorer daily weight gain and increased mean gastric lesion score as compared with pigs fed three times daily. This may be a consequence of more frequently occurring competition for feed in the treatment group. The present study does not support increased daily feeding occasions in fattening pigs.  相似文献   

8.
Chronic flunixin meglumine therapy in foals   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
Effects of a therapeutic dose of flunixin meglumine on gastric mucosa of horse foals were determined by endoscopy, double-contrast radiography, and gross and histologic examinations. Foals were administered 1.1 mg of flunixin meglumine/kg of body weight, PO/day for 30 days in an encapsulated form that was divided into 2 doses/day (group 1; n = 3) or by IM injection once a day (group 2; n = 7). Three control foals (group 3; n = 3) were administered capsules (n = 1) containing dextrose powder or IM injections (n = 2) of vehicle solution without flunixin meglumine. All 3 groups-1 foals given flunixin meglumine PO developed oral ulcers. Group-2 foals given flunixin meglumine IM did not develop oral ulcers. One control foal (group 3) developed 1 oral ulcer that healed during the study. Endoscopic examination revealed linear crease-like mucosal lesions in the glandular portion of the stomach in 2 group-2 foals. Radiographic evidence of gastric ulcers was observed in only 1 gastrogram of a group-1 foal. Foals were euthanatized, and necropsy revealed erosions and/or ulcers of the glandular portion of the stomach. Oral ulcers were observed in all 3 group-1 foals. Erosions of the glandular portion of the stomach developed in all 10 foals given flunixin meglumine, but did not develop in group-3 foals. Ulceration of the glandular portion of the stomach was present in 1 group-2 foal.  相似文献   

9.
The immunogenicity and safety of an attenuated Bordetella bronchiseptica vaccine for swine atrophic rhinitis (AR) was evaluated in 22 hysterectomy-produced, colostrum-deprived pigs and 18 conventional pigs. None of 8 pigs inoculated at 7 days of age intranasally with greater than or equal to 3 X 10(5) colony-forming units (CFU) of vaccinal strain/pig and 2 of 5 pigs inoculated at 7 days of age intranasally with 3 X 10(4) CFU of the vaccinal strain/pig developed AR after intranasal challenge exposure with a virulent strain at postinoculation week (PIW) 3. The remaining 3 vaccinated pigs and 4 nonvaccinated pigs developed AR. Thirteen pigs were inoculated intranasally with 3 X 10(6) to 3 X 10(9) CFU of the vaccinal strain at 7 days of age. At PIW 12, the pigs were killed and necropsied. None of the pigs had clinical signs of AR and/or pneumonia. Virulence was studied by transmission of vaccinal strain through 3 serial growing passages on the nasal mucosa of a litter of hysterectomy-produced colostrum-deprived pigs. Inoculum (nasal swab samples from 2 pigs 4 days after inoculation with 10(8) CFU of vaccinal strain at 5 days of age) was inoculated into the nasal cavity of 2 nonvaccinated pigs. This procedure was repeated 3 times. After the 1st passage, the vaccinal strain was recovered on postinoculation day 4, but after postinoculation day 4, the vaccinal strain was not recovered until the end of the 3rd passage. Turbinate atrophy or pneumonia was not recognized in these inoculated pigs. The vaccinal strain provided immunogenicity without ill effects.  相似文献   

10.
为研究日粮中添加不同水平的发酵饲料对育肥猪养分消化率及肠道菌群的影响,试验选用560头杜×长×大三元育肥猪[(75.37±2.65)kg],根据体重、性别随机分为7组,每组5个重复,每个重复16头,对照组饲喂育肥猪日粮,试验组分别在育肥猪日粮中添加5%或10%的发酵饲料A、B、C,饲喂21 d后每组选5头育肥猪肛门采集新鲜粪便测定肠道菌群多样性;并在饲喂第29天和第30天,各组每个重复连续收集粪便混合后测定养分消化率。结果表明:日粮中添加发酵饲料对育肥猪粗蛋白质、能量和干物质的消化率没有显著影响(P>0.05),相比对照组,饲喂发酵饲料组的粗蛋白质消化率有所提高(最高组提高2.9%);同时肠道菌群中乳杆菌属丰度有所增加,表明在日粮中添加一定比例的发酵饲料可以改善育肥猪养分消化率和肠道健康。  相似文献   

11.
The influence of ingested volume of a sulfa drug suspension, sodium sulfamonomethoxine (SMMNa), on the oral pharmacokinetics was studied in pigs, with regard to bioavailability and gastric emptying. Eighteen pigs, weighing 30-70 kg, were used. Phenol red solution was used for the evaluation of gastric emptying study. SMMNa suspension was used for pharmacokinetic study. Both of these fluids were administered by natural swallowing. Three experimental groups were constructed: G-I; 5 ml/kg of the test fluids to starved animals, G-II; 5 ml/kg of the test fluids to fed animals and G-III; 20 ml/kg of the fluids to fed animals. The glucose glycine electrolyte solution (GGES) was used as the vehicle for both the compounds. Six pigs, having duodenal cannula, were used for the study of gastric emptying. The gastric emptying rate was rapid in G-I, relatively rapid in G-III, and slow and variable in G-II. In agreement with the result of gastric emptying study, the values of Cmax and tmax were high and rapid in G-I, relatively high and rapid in G-III, and low and slow in G-II. Accordingly, the voluminous ingestion of drug suspension can facilitate the gastric emptying, in turn may make the oral absorption of the drug rapid-and-uniform. The 20 ml/kg volume of sulfa drug suspension may practically be recommended for the oral administration in pigs.  相似文献   

12.
Sows (14) and gilts (6) were used in a 2 X 2 factorial experiment to evaluate the effect of diet and highly purified porcine growth hormone (pGH) on sow metabolic status and baby pig survival parameters. Injections were 10 mg/d pGH (GH) or sham control (SH). Diets consisted of a glucose-fat energy source (GF) or control (C). Treatments were administered the last 21 d before parturition (P). Serum GH concentrations were significantly elevated on d -19 P and d -4 P in sows receiving GH injections. Significantly elevated serum glucose and insulin concentrations were concomitantly observed in GH-treated sows, suggesting that the animals had developed a state of insulin resistance. Serum free fatty acids (FFA) were greater (P less than .01) on d -19 P for sows fed the GF diet. Fasted pigs from GH-C dams had greater (P less than .06) mean serum glucose concentrations than pigs from SH-C, SH-GF or GH-GF dams. Pigs from GH-injected sows had more (P less than .01) total body lipids at birth and tended to have increased mean FFA concentrations when compared to SH pigs. However, birth weight, number born live, number born dead, number that died and survival to 21 d were not affected by dam's injection or dietary treatment. Growth hormone injections resulted in a diabetogenic state in gestating sows and led to improved traits related to baby pig blood glucose homeostasis, including increased blood glucose, increased body lipids and a tendency toward increased liver glycogen concentrations. Injection X diet interactions indicate that dietary energy source should be regarded in future growth hormone experiments.  相似文献   

13.
An indirect enzyme-linked immunoassay for serological surveillance of infection of pigs with Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (Ap) serotype 5 was developed. The antigen used was prepared from Ap serotype 5b strain L20. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analysis showed that the antigen contained high molecular weight lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and presumably also capsular polysaccharide (CP). The Ap serotype 5 ELISA was tested using sera from pigs experimentally infected with the 12 different Ap serotypes of biotype 1 and with sera from herds naturally infected with Ap serotypes 5, 6, 7 and 12. Cross-reactions were shown in one pig from a herd naturally infected with Ap serotype 7 and in one pig from a herd naturally infected with Ap serotype 12. The herd sensitivities of the Ap5 ELISA and a complement fixation test (CFT) were both estimated to 1.0, on the basis of serum samples from six herds naturally infected with Ap serotype 5. The herd specificities of both tests were estimated to 0.98, based on serum samples from 123 pig herds (10 samples from each herd) from the Danish specific pathogen-free (SPF) programme for pig production.  相似文献   

14.
The acute and chronic effects of porcine growth hormone (pGH) administration on glucose homeostasis of pigs were investigated in the present study. Twelve Yorkshire barrows (average BW = 65 kg) fitted with femoral artery catheters were allotted to three groups. Pigs received acute, intra-arterial injections of either pituitary pGH, a recombinantly derived pGH analog (ppGH or rpGH, 100 micrograms/kg BW) or saline. Acute injection of pGH did not affect fasting plasma glucose or insulin status. Pigs then were treated daily by i.m. injection for 24 d with 70 micrograms ppGH/kg BW. Serum glucose and insulin concentrations during the fed and fasted states were higher in pGH-treated than in control pigs. On d 25, an acute intra-arterial injection of ppGH (100 micrograms/kg BW) elicited increases in plasma glucose and insulin in pigs chronically treated with pGH. The area circumscribed by the glucose and insulin response curves 5 min to 7 h postinjection was 40% (P less than .005) and 177% (P less than .001), respectively, higher in ppGH-treated than in control pigs. These data indicate that pGH does increase plasma glucose and insulin in the fed and fasted states; however, this response is only observed after chronic pGH administration. In addition, pGH is capable of increasing plasma glucose and insulin acutely in the pig. This effect, however, only is observed in pigs treated chronically with pGH. The mechanisms by which pGH elicit these effects on glucose homeostasis are not known.  相似文献   

15.
A glucose glycine electrolyte solution (GGES) was investigated to determine its suitability for oral rehydration in diarrhoea in pigs. Piglets with diarrhoea following experimental infection with eneteropathogenic Escherichia coli were given access in cube drinkers to either GGES or water. The mortality in the GGES group (11.6 per cent) was significantly (P less than 0.05) less than in the controls (24.0 per cent), and weight gain in severely diarrhoeic piglets was greater in the GGES group. Gnotobiotic piglets were challenged with pig rotavirus and either given access to GGES or milk. The GGES was either in restricted volume or ad lib. Restricted access to GGES prevented much of the weight loss due to the diarrhoea and ad lib access to GGES allowed relatively uninterrupted weight gain in comparison with controls. In naturally occurring cases of diarrhoea on farms, access to GGES reduced mortality to weaning from 19.7 per cent to 7.2 per cent (P less than 0.05). Weight gain per day was also greater in piglets which scoured for three days or more, indicating the rehydrating effect in reducing net fluid loss. Thus GGES treatment was of value in treatment e&ects of diarrhoea due to either E. coli or rotavirus.  相似文献   

16.
Two experiments involving 32 growing pigs were conducted to evaluate various concentrations of corn oil, magnesium sulfate, and oat hulls as ameliorants in a high cornstarch-low protein ulcerogenic ration. The pig were slaughtered at the end of the respective feeding periods, and stomachs were evaluated for issue lesions. During a 40-day feeding period, additions of corn oil and of MgSO4 in the rations did not seem to affect development of gastric lesions materially. After a 42-day feeding period, neither 5.0% nor 10.0% concentration of oat hulls in the ration prevented formation of ulcers. Total stomach contents, free gastric HCI, and pH of stomach contents were measured in pigs slaughtered after 3, 6, 9, and 12 hours of fasting. Gastric HCI (mEq/L) differed significantly among pigs fed various rations and increased significantly with length of fasting. The pH of stomach contents did not differ among pigs given various rations, but decreased with length of fasting. Thus, corn oil, MgSO4, or oat hulls did not seem to significantly alter the ulcerogenic character of the high cornstarch-low protein ration.  相似文献   

17.
Weaning weight of pigs on d 18 to 21 of age was used to determine the effects of recombinant porcine somatotropin (rpST) on lactational performance of their dams. Crossbred Landrace x Yorkshire sows (n = 180, 202 to 270 kg BW) were assigned to receive daily i.m. injections of either 0, 8, or 16 mg of rpST on lactation d 7 to 20. Initially, injections of 16 mg of rpST/d caused 100% mortality (four sows); thus, a dose of 4 mg of rpST/d replaced 16 mg. Subsequently, 5 of 19 and 1 of 17 sows died in response to daily injections of 8 and 4 mg of rpST, respectively, resulting in termination of the experiment. Before termination, 48 sows (16 from each of the 0-, 4-, and 8-mg treatment groups) completed a lactation of 18 to 21 d in duration. Analysis of these data indicated that daily injection of lactating sows with rpST increased (P less than .05) weaning weight of pigs only if they were from litters that averaged greater than or equal to 2.6 kg/pig on lactation d 7. The BW of sows was decreased by rpST (P = .07). Subsequent experiments revealed 1) that rpST-induced death of lactating sows was caused from hemorrhaging of ulcers that developed at the pars esophagea, 2) that there was vacuolation of the liver and kidney of dead sows, and 3) that daily injection of 16 mg of rpST into nonlactating growing pigs (50 to 100 kg BW) for 28 d did not cause death or any observable illness in spite of 100% mortality of lactating sows after two to nine injections.  相似文献   

18.
The purpose of the study was to investigate the prevalence of gastric lesions and to provide diagnostic values for serum pepsinogen in non-infected pigs and in pigs with gastric disease. In an abattoir survey, the pepsinogen concentrations were measured in the serum from 62 non-infected pigs, 33 pigs with gastric lesions and 17 pigs infected with Hyostrongylus rubidus, using a specific radioimmunoassay (RIA). The mean (±SE) pepsinogen concentrations in the serum of non-infected pigs, in pigs with gastric ulcers, and in pigs with a heavy H. rubidus infection were 630.8±39.2 ng/ml, 1084.5±166.2 ng/ml and 1095.2±102.3 ng/ml, respectively (p<0.05). Because of the higher concentrations of pepsinogen in the blood of pigs with gastric ulcers or parasitic infections, it is suggested that the measurement of serum pepsinogen by RIA may be an effective biochemical approach to the diagnosis of chronic gastric disorders in pigs.  相似文献   

19.
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the addition of chromic oxide (Cr(2)O(3)) to creep feed could be used as a visual marker in feces for selection of creep feed-eating suckling pigs. ANIMALS: 20 suckling pigs. PROCEDURES: Via syringe, 5 pigs (2 to 3 days old on day 0; 1 pig/treatment) from each of 4 litters received oral administrations of 10, 20, 30, or 40 g of creep feed containing 10 g of Cr(2)O(3)*kg(1) on each of 2 consecutive days (days 20 and 21) or 30 g of creep feed containing 10 g of Cr(2)O(3)*kg(1) on day 20 and 30 g of Cr(2)O(3)-free creep feed on day 21. On days 21 through 24, 6 fecal samples were collected from each pig at regular intervals between 8:00 AM and 6:00 PM. Green-colored feces were considered indicative of creep feed consumption (eaters). Data analyses were based on single and multiple fecal samples. RESULTS: On day 22, evaluation of 1 fecal sample/pig and multiple fecal samples per pig resulted in identification of as many as 40% and only 15% of the feed-treated pigs wrongly as noneaters, respectively. Repeated sampling over multiple days would identify 99% of eaters accurately. Pigs erroneously identified as noneaters were those administered either low amounts of Cr(2)O(3)-supplemented creep feed for 2 days or Cr(2)O(3)-supplemented creep feed on only 1 day. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Data suggest that addition of Cr(2)O(3) to creep feed enables selection of individual creep feed-eating suckling pigs via examination of feces, provided that repeated fecal samples are evaluated.  相似文献   

20.
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