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1.
It is evident from the results, that the beta carotene and vitamin A levels in blood serum of calves of different age could be significantly increased by Rovimix--beta carotene supplementation. High utilization rate of beta carotene from Rovimix as well as considerable beta carotene conversion into vitamin A was also found in calves from dams supplemented with Rovimix--beta carotene in the period of late pregnancy. The contribution of beta carotene reserves of the mother to the vitamin A stores of the foetus and to the beta carotene and vitamin A concentrations in blood serum of calves suggest that the main preventive method of beta carotene and vitamin A deficiency in calves should be high intake of beta carotene from daily ration fed to cows or Rovimix--beta carotene supplementation during late pregnancy of cows.  相似文献   

2.
The effect of synthetic beta-carotene and synthetic nucleotide base on daily weight gain, feed consumption and certain haematological, biochemical and immunological parameters of piglets were studied in a 3-week experiment. Beginning one week prior to weaning, the diet fed to one experimental group of piglets was supplemented with 10% Rovimix Beta-carotene at 875 mg/kg of diet. Synthetic uracil and adenine (98%, Sigma-Aldrich) were mixed into the diet of the other experimental group at doses of 500 mg/kg of diet for each substance. The control group received the basic diet without any supplementation. The changes observed over time in the haematological parameters and in certain biochemical variables could be regarded as physiological. By day 21 of the experiment, beta-carotene supplementation had significantly lowered the neutrophilic granulocyte percentage and elevated the lymphocyte percentage, while in the other two groups a change of opposite tendency occurred. At the end of the experimental period there was a decrease in plasma vitamin E concentration due to carotene supplementation (control: 6.1 +/- 1.5, nucleotide: 6.3 +/- 2.5, carotene: 2.3 +/- 1.5 mg/L). Lymphocyte blastogenesis induced by phytohaemagglutinin and concanavalin A increased by 50 and 130%, respectively, in the nucleotide group and by 60 and 30%, respectively, in the carotene group, while it did not change in the control group. The supplements exerted no positive effect on the in vivo cellular immune response.  相似文献   

3.
In an experiment conducted on 20 calves from 1 day to 12 weeks old, supplements of beta-carotene were fed in the form of Rovimix beta-carotene 10%, artificially dehydrated carrot or vitamins AD3E. Postmortem examination carried out at 12 weeks showed that supplementation of beta-carotene or vitamins AD3E resulted in a better structural development of the ruminal papillae as compared to the control group. In addition, beta-carotene reduced the keratinization of the stratified squamous epithelial cell layer of the rumen and increased the glycosaminoglycan level of that organ wall.  相似文献   

4.
Rearing experiments were conducted with a total of 90 liver hybrid geese from Babat, divided into three groups of 30 birds each. The effect exerted by all-concentrate feeding (group 1), concentrate feeding supplemented with alfalfa hay (group 2) or with corn silage (group 3) ad libitum on the blood glucose level, blood plasma total lipid, total cholesterol and free fatty acid level, and on total lipid content of the liver was studied. In addition, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity of the blood plasma and carotene, vitamin A and vitamin E concentration of the blood plasma and the liver were determined. It was found that the blood and liver parameters of goose groups fed different diets changed within the physiological limits typical of the species. Excessive fibre intake resulted in reduced lipid transport within the organism at an unchanged plasma cholesterol level; at the same time, blood glucose level remained unchanged. Ad libitum feeding of alfalfa hay and corn silage enhanced carotene and vitamin A transport and carotene storage but did not affect the transport of vitamin E. The results confirm earlier data of the literature that beta-carotene and vitamin A together impair vitamin E metabolism.  相似文献   

5.
Seasonal variations in beta carotene intake and low levels of beta carotene and vitamin A in blood plasma were found in cows fed ration based mainly on maize silage. The supplementation of daily winter rations with 300 mg Rovimix-beta carotene per cow, beginning 14 days before parturition and 60 days after calving increased slighty the beta carotene and vitamin A concentrations of blood plasma and improved some fertility indices: the number of inseminations per cow was reduced and the percentage of conception rate was significantly higher. It may be assumed that beta carotene content in feeds and it's utilization rate generally reflected in beta carotene blood plasma level and in the improvement of fertility.  相似文献   

6.
The present study was conducted to determine whether plasma and serum copper and ceruloplasmin concentrations in cattle are different and whether transport of samples with storage on ice before centrifugation affects the measurements. Mean copper and ceruloplasmin values were higher in plasma than in serum. Linear regressions were plasma copper (microgram/ml) = 1.200 serum copper -0.032 (r2 = 0.99), serum ceruloplasmin (mg/dl) = 14.0 serum copper + 2.34 (r2 = 0.48), and plasma ceruloplasmin (mg/dl) = 18.2 plasma copper + 2.1 (r2 = 0.43). The percentage of copper associated with ceruloplasmin was less in serum (55%) than in plasma (66%). Storage of blood samples on ice for 3 days decreased serum copper value by 3.5%. Linear regressions to correct for storage effects were corrected serum copper = 1.11 stored serum copper -0.04 (r2 = 0.94) and corrected plasma copper = 1.22 stored plasma copper -0.17 (r2 = 0.86). A cuproprotein may be involved in the blood clotting process, and some ceruloplasmin and its copper are apparently trapped in the fibrin clot, causing less copper in serum, compared with that in plasma. The difference between plasma and serum copper concentrations of calves was slightly increased by dietary copper supplementation.  相似文献   

7.
The physiological and production effects of feeding additional vitamin E and ruminally protected vitamin C were examined in cattle challenged with bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV 1). Forty-eight individually penned 6-mo-old Angus and Angus crossbred heifer calves with a mean BW of 151 kg were allocated randomly to four diets in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Pelleted diets provided either 15 or 185 IU/kg of DM of vitamin E, with or without 3.7 g of ruminally protected vitamin C/kg of DM. Blood samples were taken at start of the experiment and at wk 4, 5, and 6. At the start of wk 5, half of each of the dietary groups was challenged with BHV 1. Feeding additional vitamin E was associated with greater (P < 0.001) mean plasma alpha-tocopherol. In contrast, feeding ruminally protected vitamin C was not associated with greater (P = 0.59) mean plasma ascorbate concentration; however, feeding ruminally protected vitamin C was associated with lower (P = 0.03) mean blood total superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn SOD and Mn SOD) concentration. Calves fed additional vitamin E had greater (P = 0.05) mean plasma beta-carotene concentrations. There were interactions between dietary intake of vitamins E and C with respect to serum ceruloplasmin concentration (P = 0.01) and G:F (P = 0.05). Bovine herpesvirus 1 challenge was associated with lower white cell count (P = 0.007), lymphocyte count (P < 0.001), and DMI (P = 0.03). Feeding additional vitamin E to calves challenged with BHV 1 was associated with a lower (P = 0.03) serum ceruloplasmin concentration. There was a non-significant trend towards an interaction (P = 0.06) between the feeding of vitamins E and C, with virus-challenged calves fed additional vitamin E alone having greater plasma retinol concentrations. The feeding of vitamins E and/or C in calves challenged with BHV 1 was associated with alterations in the concentrations of other antioxidants. More severe disease may have translated these cellular effects to changes in health and performance.  相似文献   

8.
From January to June we determined the concentration of vitamin A and carotene in the blood plasma of 66 high-pregnant cows and cows 23 to 54 days after calving. Seasonal changes and a decrease in the content of both substances before delivery were proved. In field conditions of three farms it was determined that the haylage type of winter feeding was better than the silage type of winter feeding in view of provitamin A supply. The concentration of carotene in blood was always higher with haylage feeding as well as that of vitamin A during the period of high lactation. Regardless of that the level of vitamin A in dairy cows in April and May was lower by almost a quarter compared with feeding fresh green forage in June. The results reveal that the suitable time for assessing the sufficiency of vitamin A supply in cows is the time starting one month after the beginning of lactation. The usability and accuracy of the fluorometric method for determining vitamin A, while respecting the interference caused by phytofluen and beta-carotene, have been proved.  相似文献   

9.
Blood pH, total plasma carotene, plasma vitamin A fractions and some plasma proteins were determined in newborn calves (n = 38) and their dams. Calves were assigned to one of two groups according to their blood pH immediately after birth: group 1 (normal) with pH above 7.2 (n = 27) and group 2 (slightly acidotic) with pH 7.0 to 7.2 (n = 11). The difference between the neonatal blood pH values of the two groups immediately post partum disappeared 24 h after birth. The blood pH of the dams was normal. The extremely low plasma carotene concentration (group 1: 32.7 micrograms/l; group 2:20.5 micrograms/l) and the low plasma globulin fractions (group 1:19.6 g/l; group 2:19.2 g/l) immediately after birth were elevated by the intake of colostrum. There was no significant change in plasma vitamin A fractions (retinol, retinyl ester) during the early postnatal period (3 days post partum) in newborn calves. The acid-base balance of newborn calves does not have any influence on the physiological alterations of plasma vitamin A, carotene and some plasma proteins during the first three days of life.  相似文献   

10.
The effect of peroral administration and parenteral implantation of vitamin E was followed as exerted on the concentration of total serum immunoglobulins and phagocytic activity of blood leucocytes in calves. Twelve calves at the age of maximally 14 days with the average live weight of 41.2 kg were included in an experiment with peroral administration; six of them were given Combinal E (Tocoferolum aceticum 40 mg in 1 ml) at a dose of 20 mg tocopherol acetate per kg live weight. Sixteen calves at the age of three months and with the average live weight of 112.6 kg were included in the second trial. The Erevit preparation was implanted intramuscularly to eight calves at the same dose as in the first experiment (Tocoferolum aceticum 300 mg in 1 ml solutions oleosae). The animals of control groups in both experiments were administered sunflower oil as a placebo, namely at the same amount as the above-mentioned preparations (no oil treatment for peroral administration, heat and pressure treatments of oil for intramuscular implantation). All the preparations lead to a significant increase in vitamin E concentrations in the blood plasma of calves in both experiments, the highest average level being recorded in 24 hours after administration (8.05, and/or 5.51 mumol/l; Tabs. I and IV). The level of total serum immunoglobulins was not influenced by vitamin E supplementation; this level remained below the physiological range of values in calves with peroral administration during the whole time of observation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

11.
Calves are born vitamin A and β‐carotene deficient and the β‐carotene conversion to vitamin A is limited. Colostrum, contains relatively large amounts of vitamin A and β‐carotene and the retinol and β‐carotene status of calves can be normalized with colostrum consumption. We studied whether vitamin A supplementation of cows during late gestation (dry period) increases cow plasma retinol concentrations, the retinol content of first colostrum, and the plasma vitamin A status of calves during their first month of life. Both plasma and colostrum retinol concentrations were higher in vitamin A supplemented cows than in non‐supplemented cows. In calves that were for 5 days fed colostrum (milk) from vitamin A‐supplemented cows and then mature milk, plasma retinol concentrations were higher from 14 to 30 days after birth than in calves that were fed colostrum (milk) from cows that were not vitamin A supplemented. The study shows that vitamin A supplementation of cows during the dry period can improve the vitamin A status of their calves up to 1 month, if calves ingest their colostrum/milk for up to 5 days.  相似文献   

12.
Aseptic and septic inflammatory diseases often are associated with marked changes in tissue and sera trace element kinetics. Iron and zinc sequestration by the host may serve as a protective effect against microbial proliferation, but may deprive host tissues of these necessary elements as well. Conversely, systemic iron administration has been shown to increase susceptibility to, and severity of, infectious diseases, although deficient iron stores may be repleted. Escherichia coli enteritis in calves provides a model wherein the effects of enteric iron antagonism and parenteral iron supplementation may be studied simultaneously. Male calves (n = 12) were given (IM injection) 300 mg of iron-dextran after base-line blood samples were obtained, then the calves were allotted to 4 groups (each of 3 calves): group 1 (control)--orally given nonpathogenic E coli; group 2--orally given enterotoxigenic B44 E coli; group 3--orally given deferoxamine (50 mg/kg, twice a day); group 4--orally given gallium (4 mg/kg; twice a day). Calves were studied for 8 days; blood samples were obtained each day (day 1 through day 8) for hematologic and serum biochemical analyses. There were significant increases in serum iron concentration and % saturation in all calves within 24 hours of iron-dextran administration, which returned to base-line values in all but group 4 (given gallium) within 3 days. In the exceptional group (4), total iron-binding capacity decreased with time, as in the other groups, but serum iron concentration remained significantly increased, implying gallium interference with systemic iron assimilation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

13.
Plasma levels of vitamins A, E, beta carotene, both plasma and erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx), lipid peroxidation (LPO) and reduced glutathione (GSH) were investigated in cattle naturally infected with Theileria annulata and treated with buparvaquone. There were two groups each containing 30 cattle. Naturally infected cattle were used in the second group. Buparvaquone (2.5 mg/kg body weight) was administered to animals in the second group. Blood samples were taken from control animals, and immediately before treatment, and from animals 10 days after the injection of buparvaquone. Detection of the infected animals was carried out by blood smears. Plasma vitamins A, E, beta carotene, both plasma and erythrocyte GSHPx, LPO and GSH levels were determined. The levels of LPO in plasma and erythrocyte samples were significantly (P < 0.05, P < 0.01) higher after treatment than in either control animals or before treatment. Plasma levels of antioxidant vitamins, vitamin E and beta carotene were significantly (P < 0.05, P < 0.01) lower after treatment than in either control animals or before treatment, while the vitamin E level was found to be higher before treatment than in either the control group or animals after treatment (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). The levels of vitamin A in plasma and the activity of GSHPx and GSH in both plasma and erythrocytes in control animals after and before treatment did not differ significantly. In conclusion, we observed that there was a decreased plasma level of vitamin E and beta carotene and an increased level of LPO in cattle treated with buparvaquone. Buparvaquone might function in the treatment of Theileria annulata by forming free radicals.  相似文献   

14.
The objective of this study was to investigate in mares the effect of parturition on plasma and milk levels of retinol, beta-carotene, alpha-tocopherol and cholesterol over 12 weeks around parturition. In blood plasma of horses around parturition an increase of all these components was observed. This increase was most impressive in beta-carotene (P<0.05) and less pronounced for vitamin E, vitamin A and cholesterol. The magnitude of increase around parturition corresponded well with the magnitude of accumulation in colostrum; levels of beta-carotene in colostrum were 65 times higher compared to mature milk while vitamin A, vitamin E and cholesterol were only 3 to 8 times higher. Beta-carotene concentrations in colostrum were positively correlated with corresponding plasma levels (r = 0.9; P<0.001). Reasons for the increase in plasma beta-carotene around parturition may include an improved absorption of carotene and/or reduced conversion into vitamin A as well as mobilisation from tissue storages or a reduced uptake in tissues other than the mammary gland. In conclusion, the results may point to possible component- and species-specific differences involved in the transfer of fat-soluble vitamins, beta-carotene and cholesterol from blood plasma into colostrum.  相似文献   

15.
Three long time individual feeding experiments (greater than 258 days) with 48 beef cattle each (dairy breed and beef breed, 50% each) were carried out in order to measure the influence of various vitamin A supply (0, 2,500, 5,000 and 10,000 IU vitamin A per 100 kg body weight and day) on fattening and slaughtering performance, vitamin A concentration of liver and serum as well as carotene concentration of serum. The bulls consumed corn silage (experiments 1 and 2; 9.4 and 18.3 mg carotene per kg dry matter) or NaOH-treated and pelleted straw (experiment 3; no carotene). The roughages were supplemented with 2 (exp. 1 and 2) and 3 kg (exp. 3) concentrate per day. The vitamin A supply of corn silage diet did not significantly influence the dry matter intake (exp. 1: means: 6.95; 6.91 to 7.05; exp. 2: means: 6.54; 6.53 to 6.54 kg dry matter per animal and day) and the daily weight gain of bulls (exp. 1: means: 1076; 1028 to 1157; exp. 2: means: 1058; 1041 to 1057 g per animal). The bulls consumed 8.87 kg dry matter per day, the daily weight gain amounted to 1030 g per animal and day in experiment 3. The bulls of unsupplemented group reduced feed intake and weight gain after 150 days, an additional vitamin A supply was necessary. At the end of experiments 1 and 2 the liver vitamin A concentration of unsupplemented groups amounted to 38.8 and 65.9 mumol/kg, it increased after vitamin A supply (up to 153.4 mumol/kg). Feeding of pelleted straw effected a liver vitamin A concentration lower than 10 mumol/kg except the group supplemented with 10,000 IU vitamin A per 100 kg body weight and day (35.7 mumol per kg fresh matter of liver). The vitamin A concentration of blood is unsuitable for evaluation of vitamin A status of cattle. The carotene content of feeds and level of vitamin A supply determined the carotene concentration of blood. Recommendations for a suitable vitamin A supply of ration of growing cattle were given depending on body weight and type of diet.  相似文献   

16.
The objective of the present study was to examine the effects of parenteral administration of iron and copper on hematological parameters, weight gain, and health of neonatal dairy calves in the period when iron and copper deficiency could be existed. Twenty-four Holstein calves were used for the experiment and randomly assigned to four different treatments. Treatments consisted of (1) control (no injections of Fe and Cu), (2) test 1 (1000 mg Fe as fe-dextran was injected to each calf at day 2 of age), (3) test 2 (160 mg Cu as methionine-copper complex was injected to each calf at day 14 of age), and (4) test 3 (Fe and Cu were injected to each calf as mentioned previously). Blood samples were collected from all of the calves within 24-48 hours after birth and at 7, 14, 21 and 28 days of age for measuring hematological parameters and within 24-48 hours after birth and at 14, 21 and 28 days of age for the determination of iron, copper, TIBC concentrations, and AST activity. Anti-coagulated blood was analyzed shortly after collection for: number of red blood cell (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb), heamatocrit (HCT), total leukocyte count (WBC), Platelet (Plt), MCH, MCV, MCHC, and differential leukocyte counts. The amounts of iron, copper, TIBC, and AST were measured in serum. Group had significant effects on the amounts of HCT, RBC, hemoglobin, MCV, neutrophil, weekly weight gain, and daily gain during each week (p < 0.05). Sampling time had significant effects on the amounts of RBC, MCV, MCH, MCHC, WBC, neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, platelet, fibrinogen, copper, TIBC, AST, weight, weekly gain and, daily gain during each week (p < 0.05). significant interactions between sampling time and group were seen for HCT, RBC, hemoglobin, MCV, platelet, total protein, fibrinogen, iron, and TIBC (p < 0.05). Improved RBC parameters and MCV were seen in calves of group 4 (test 3) in comparing with control group. Total and daily gains were also significantly improved in test groups in comparing with control group (p < 0.05). No significant difference was seen for the days of treatment between groups.  相似文献   

17.
At the Institute of Animal Nutrition of the Federal Agricultural Research Centre (FAL) in Braunschweig a feeding trial with 30 first lactating cows (German Holstein) was realised in 2004 for a complete lactation. All animals received a diet based on maize- and grass-silage ad libitum at the rate of 60:40 (DM-base) and concentrate depending on their milk yield.The animals were fed with energy and protein as recommended (GfE 2001) and were kept in loose housing. After calving they were split randomly into two feeding groups with 15 animals each. Group 1 was fed a concentrate according to the recommendations of the GfE (2001), whereas group 2 was offered the same concentrate with roughly the double amount of calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, copper, zinc, beta-carotene and vitamins A and E. To study the influence of the different concentrates on the serum concentrations of minerals and vitamins, blood, feed and milk samples were regularly taken and analysed in the course of lactation. Significantly higher blood concentrations were detected for phosphorus, zinc and vitamin E in group 2, but therefore a direct influence of the feeding on the blood concentrations was detected only for zinc and vitamin E. Over the whole lactation the average milk yield of group 1 was 2.6 kg/day higher and the average milk fat content was reduced about 0.6 percent points compared to group 2.  相似文献   

18.
This study evaluated the effects of rice whole crop silage (RWCS) on growth, plasma levels of vitamin A, β‐carotene, vitamin E and IGF‐1, and expression of genes involved in muscle protein degradation and synthesis in Japanese Black calves. Eleven calves were divided into RWCS (fed RWCS ad libitum and concentrate, n = 5) and control groups (fed hay ad libitum and concentrate, n = 6). Final body weight and dairy gain were significantly larger in the RWCS group compared with the control group. Plasma β‐carotene and vitamin E concentrations were significantly higher in the RWCS group compared with control group. Although plasma vitamin E concentration in the RWCS group significantly increased from 4 to 9 months of age, it did not increase in the control group. At 6 months of age in the RWCS group, ubiquitin B (p < 0.05) and calpain 1 (p = 0.097) mRNA expression were lower than control group, but they were not different between groups at 9 months of age. These results indicate that RWCS increases plasma β‐carotene level and promotes muscle growth because of a decrease in the rate of protein degradation, but the effect is lost with the increase in plasma vitamin E level.  相似文献   

19.
本研究旨在探讨铜和维生素A及其互作效应对内仔鸡生长性能及抗氧化功能的影响.试验选用1日龄艾维茵肉仔鸡448只,随机分为8组,每组4个重复,每个重复14只鸡.采用4×2(铜×维生素A)完全随机设计,饲粮铜的添加量分别为0、8、150、225 mg/kg,维生素A的添加量分别为1 500、5 000 IU/kg,分为2个生长阶段,前期为1～4周龄,后期为5～7周龄.结果表明:1)高铜( 150、225mg/kg)抑制了全期肉仔鸡生长性能,提高了全期血清铜蓝蛋白(Cp)和后期血清总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)活性(P＜0.05).2)5 000 IU/kg维生素A组获得较好的生长性能,提高了全期血清T-SOD活性,降低了前期血清Cp活性(P＜0.05).3)铜和维生素A互作效应对前期体增重、血清Cp和T-SOD活性及全期料重比有显著影响(P＜0.05),且二者间存在互补作用.铜(8 mg/kg)×维生素A(5 000 IU/kg)组与铜(0 mg/kg)×维生素A(5 000 IU/kg)组对前期肉仔鸡获得良好生长性能和提高血清T-SOD活性均有促进作用,但对血清Cp活性有显著降低作用(P＜0.05).由此可见,在基础饲粮铜水平为16～23mg/kg时,铜的适宜添加量为前期8 mg/kg,后期0～8 mg/kg;全期维生素A的适宜添加量为5 000 IU/kg.  相似文献   

20.
Five experiments with 18 to 36 male calves each of the black and white dairy cattle breed (age: 14-21 days, initial live weight: approximately 45 kg per animal) were carried out in order to investigate the influence of various vitamin A supply (0-80,000 IU per 100 kg LW and day) on dry matter intake and weight gain as well as the vitamin A status of liver and blood plasma over 84 days. The calves consumed a diet free of carotene and vitamin A consisting of milk replacer, concentrate and chopped wheat straw. The calves were fed in three experiments for a longer time in order to observe the further vitamin A depletion. Nine animals consumed an unsupplemented ration, nine other one got 10,000 IU vitamin A per 100 kg LW and day. Biopsies of liver and plasma samples were taken from 4 animals per group every four weeks. The various vitamin A supplementation did not significantly influence the dry matter intake (Mean: 1.67; 1.48 to 1.80 kg DM per animal and day) and the weight gain of calves (Mean: 702, 599 to 770 g per animal and day). First vitamin A deficiency symptoms (reduced feed intake, decreased weight gain, diarrhoea etc.) were observed in animals of unsupplemented group after 100 days of experiments. After 84 days the vitamin A concentration of liver of animals of unsupplemented groups decreased to 1.3-32.2% compared with the begin of experiments (60.6-155.7 mumol/kg fresh matter). Up to 51% of initial concentration were found when 10,000 IU vitamin A per 100 kg LW and day were fed. About 25,000 IU vitamin A per 100 kg LW and day were required in order to keep the initial level of vitamin A concentration of liver. The plasma vitamin A concentration is unsuitable for estimation of vitamin A status of calves. The concentration of vitamin A of liver and plasma amounted to 114 mumol per kg and 0.25 mumol per litre at the begin of experiments. The vitamin A concentration of liver of unsupplemented group decreased to 20 mumol per kg, that of plasma increased to 0.28 mumol per 1 at the end. A strong vitamin A deficiency (liver concentration: less than 10 mumol/kg) may cause a decrease of vitamin A concentration of blood.  相似文献   

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