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M. Carmen Ferreras Camino González-Lanza Valentín Pérez Miguel Fuertes Julio Benavides Mercedes Mezo Marta González-Warleta Javier Giráldez Ana María Martínez-Ibeas Laetitia Delgado Miguel Fernández M. Yolanda Manga-González 《Veterinary parasitology》2014,199(3-4):268-271
The prevalence and aetiology of natural paramphistomosis was investigated in cattle slaughtered in the Castilla y León region (Spain) over a 3 year-period. The overall prevalence of positive animals was 6.20%. The parasite burden per animal ranged from 8 to 8005 (median = 144) and the ruminal atrium had the highest parasite burden whereas the ruminal dorsal sac the lowest. The prevalence and parasite burden increased with age while these parameters were lower in cattle under intensive management. Calicophoron daubneyi was the only Paramphistomidae species identified using morphoanatomical, histological and molecular methods in the studied animals. 相似文献
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San Martín MF Soraci A Fogel F Tapia O Islas S 《Veterinary research communications》2002,26(4):323-332
The influence of clofibrate on the stereoconversion of fenoprofen (FPF) was studied in guinea pigs. This hypolipidaemic agent has been related to some biochemical changes in the liver leading to an increase in the chiral inversion process. Two groups of animals (n = 6 per group) were pretreated with oral doses of clofibrate (280 mg/kg per day) for three days and were then given (R)- or (S)-FPF (5 mg/kg, IV). The FPF enantiomers were extracted from the guinea-pigs' plasma using a solid phase procedure and analysed by HPLC with previous derivatization with L-leucinamide. Pretreatment with clofibrate increased the chiral inversion of (R)-FPF in favour of the pharmacologically active (S)-FPF enantiomer. Before this metabolic interaction can be applied to therapy with fenoprofen, the toxic effects of (S)-(+)-FPF on the gastrointestinal and renal tracts and the interference by (R)-(–)-FPF with the metabolism of lipids should be thoroughly evaluated. 相似文献
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Extract “Yellow fat disease” is a disease of certain species of animals, characterized macroscopically by greyish-yellow discoloration and microscopically by inflammatory and degenerative reactions and the occurrence of a characteristic acid-fast pigment in the fat tissue. The terms “nonsuppurative panniculitis”, “pansteatitis”, or “yellow ear disease (chinchilla)” are synonyms. 相似文献
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A. Bascu?án K.M. Thieman Mankin A.B. Saunders J.M. Bright V. Scharf A. Singh L. O&#x;Sullivan B. Brisson A.H. Estrada S.P. Tou C. Ruoff 《Journal of Veterinary Cardiology》2017,19(1):35-43
Objectives
To describe signalment, clinical characteristics, diagnostic, treatment, and outcome data in a large case series of cats with patent ductus arteriosus (PDA).Animals
Fifty cats with confirmed PDA.Methods
Retrospective review of medical records from five referral veterinary hospitals for cats with PDA between 2000 and 2015. Cats were included if a PDA was visualized echocardiographically, during surgery, or on post-mortem examination.Results
Median age at presentation was 6 months (range: 36 days–9.7 years; n = 50), and sex distribution was approximately equal (27 male, 23 female). Most cats did not have clinical signs (70.2%; 33/47) at the time of presentation. Murmurs were classified as continuous (55%; 22/40) or systolic (45%; 18/40). Echocardiography confirmed left-to-right shunting in 33 cats (82.5%; 33/40) and right-to-left shunting in 7 (17.5%; 7/40). Concurrent cardiac anomalies were identified in 54.5% (18/33) and pulmonary hypertension in 45.7% (16/35). Closure was pursued in 68% (34/50), and complications associated with the procedure occurred in 14.7% (5/34) of cats, including one intraoperative mortality. Long-term follow up was available in 80% (40/50) of cats.Conclusions
Cats with PDA often do not display clinical signs and may not have the characteristic physical examination findings typical of PDA in dogs. An increased prevalence of concurrent cardiac anomalies and pulmonary hypertension were found relative to previous reports. Thoracic radiographs and echocardiogram may provide the most comprehensive information for making a diagnosis and treatment recommendations. PDA closure was associated with a favorable long-term outcome in cats included in this study. 相似文献7.
The aim of the study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of flurbiprofen (FBP) in different age groups and physiological
status groups in dairy cattle. Ten Argentine Holstein bovines were divided into three different groups: 3 cows in early lactation,
3 cows in gestation and 4 newborn calves. Based on previous experience, all the animals received racemic FBP (50:50) at a
dose of 0.5 mg/kg by intravenous administration. Blood samples were taken at predetermined times after administration of flurbiprofen.
Plasma enantiomer concentrations were measured by HPLC. Total body clearance (ClB) of (S)-(+)-FBP was higher in calves than in cows (114.5, 136.4, 121.4, 128.9 μg/ml vs 22.0, 24.2, 46.5 μg/ml and 27.6, 25.3, 34.6
μg/ml). In calves the disposition kinetics showed stereoselective behaviour. Area under the concentration–time curve (AUC)
was higher and ClB and steady-state volume of distribution (Vss) were lower for (R)-(−)-FBP than for (S)-(+)-FBP. In cows, stereoselectivity was observed in ClB and elimination half-life
(fract12)(frac{t_1}{2})
only in the early lactation group. In this study, enantioselective metabolic behaviour of FBP under the physiological situations
studied was found. Hence, it is possible that both enantiomers of flurbiprofen may contribute to the drug's therapeutic effects,
but further studies with the administration of separate enantiomers will be required to elucidate their metabolism. 相似文献
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Reports on canine frontal sinus carcinomas (FSCs) are scarce. This retrospective review of 41 dogs with FSC (2001–2022) describes demographic and clinical characteristics of canine FSC and reports the clinical experience and overall survival following treatment with toceranib phosphate (TOC) and meloxicam in 10 cases. Median age at diagnosis was 10.6 years (range: 6.5–15.4 years). There was a male-to-female-ratio of 2.4:1. The most common breeds were Jack Russell Terriers (JRT) (n = 7; 17.1%) and Rottweilers (n = 3, 7.3%). Mesocephalic breeds (70.6%) were most commonly affected, brachycephalics accounted for 8.8%. The most frequent clinical signs included skull deformation dorsomedial to the eye (87.5%), pain/head-shyness (40.0%), ocular (22.5%)/nasal (17.5%) discharge, and exophthalmos (17.5%). Duration of symptoms prior to diagnosis varied from a few days to 9 months. There were no neurological signs at initial presentation despite imaging evidence of osteolysis of the lamina interna of the frontal bone in most dogs (69.4%). In 11.5%, pulmonary changes suggestive of metastasis or concurrent primary pulmonary neoplasia were present. Tumour types included squamous cell carcinoma (58.5%), unspecified carcinoma (29.3%), and adenocarcinoma (9.8%). Ten dogs were treated with TOC (median 2.8 mg/kg EOD or three times per week) and meloxicam (0.1 mg/kg, EOD) (TOC-M), resulting in subjective regression of skull deformity in 8/10 (80.0%) patients. Overall median survival time with TOC-M was 183.5 days (range: 120–434 days). FSCs typically present with skull deformation, but no overt neurological signs. Male dogs and JRT may be overrepresented. The use of TOC-M in FSC appears promising and warrants further prospective evaluation. 相似文献
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Laramie S. Winfield Julie E. Dechant 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2015,56(9):953-958
The purpose of this retrospective case-control study was to identify factors associated with primary gastric rupture and to investigate if there were differences between etiologies of primary gastric rupture. Compared to the general colic population, Quarter horses were under-represented and Friesians and draft breeds were over-represented in 47 cases of primary gastric ruptures. Horses with primary gastric rupture typically presented with severe clinical and clinicopathological derangements. There were 24 idiopathic gastric ruptures, 20 gastric impaction associated ruptures, and 3 perforating gastric ulcers. Thoroughbred horses were over-represented in the idiopathic gastric rupture group compared to other breeds and etiologies. This study suggests the presence of important breed predispositions for development of gastric rupture. Further study is necessary to identify if these predispositions are associated with management factors or breed-specific disorders. 相似文献
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John M. MacGregor John E. Rush Nancy J. Laste Rebecca L. Malakoff Suzanne M. Cunningham Natalie Aronow Daniel J. Hall Justin Williams Lori L. Price 《Journal of Veterinary Cardiology》2011,13(4):251-260
Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo describe the therapeutic use of pimobendan in cats, describe the patient population to which it was administered, document potential side effects and report the clinical course following administration of pimobendan in conjunction with standard heart failure therapy. It is hypothesized that cats with advanced heart disease including congestive heart failure from a variety of causes will tolerate pimobendan with a minimum of side effects when used in treatment in conjunction with a variety of other medications.Animals, materials and methodsOne hundred and seventy client owned cats with naturally occurring heart disease, one hundred and sixty four of which had congestive heart failure. Medical records were reviewed and owners and referring veterinarians were contacted for follow-up data. Data collected included pimobendan dose, other medications administered concurrently, data collected at physical examination, presence or absence of heart failure, adverse effects, classification of heart disease, echocardiographic data and survival time. The data were analyzed for significance between the initial visit and any follow-up visits.ResultsAll cats were treated with pimobendan. The median pimobendan dose was 0.24 mg/kg q 12 h. Pimobendan was used in combination with multiple concurrent medications including angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, diuretics and anti-thrombotics. Five cats (3.0%) had potential side effects associated with pimobendan. One cat (0.6%) had presumed side effects severe enough to discontinue pimobendan use. Median survival time for 164 cats with congestive heart failure after initiation of pimobendan was 151 days (range 1–870).ConclusionPimobendan appears to be well tolerated in cats with advanced heart disease when used with a variety of concurrent medications. Randomized controlled studies need to be performed to accurately assess whether it is efficacious for treatment of congestive heart failure in cats. 相似文献
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Cardiomyopathy developed in mice deficient for α-kinase 3 (ALPK3), a nuclear kinase previously implicated in the differentiation of cardiomyocytes. Alpk3 (-/-) mice were produced according to normal Mendelian ratios and appeared normal except for a nonprogressive cardiomyopathy that had features of both hypertrophic and dilated forms of cardiomyopathy. Cardiac hypertrophy in Alpk3 (-/-) mice was characterized by increased thickness of both left and right ventricular (LV and RV) walls and by markedly increased heart weight and increased heart weight/body weight and heart weight/tibia length ratios. Magnetic resonance imaging studies confirmed the increased thickness in both septal and LV free walls at end-diastole, although there was no significant change in LV wall thickness at end-systole. Myocardial hypertrophy was the predominant feature in Alpk3 (-/-) mice, but several changes more typically associated with dilated cardiomyopathy included a marked increase in end-diastolic and end-systolic LV volume, as well as reduced cardiac output, stroke volume, and ejection fractions, suggesting LV chamber dilation. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a 50% reduction in both septal and free wall LV contractility in Alpk3 (-/-) mice. Interstitial fibrosis and inflammation were notably absent in Alpk3 (-/-) mice; however, light and electron microscopy revealed altered cardiomyocyte architecture, characterized by reduced numbers of abnormal intercalated discs being associated with mild disarray of myofibrils. These lesions could account for the impaired contractility of the myofibrillar apparatus and contribute to the pathogenesis of cardiomyopathy in Alpk3 (-/-) mice. 相似文献
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Diane B. Morrison Sonja Saksida 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2013,54(12):1160-1163
Marine Havest Canada has significantly reduced its antimicrobial usage in salmon farming over the last 8 years. Change has come about largely through improvements in production, health management, and livestock selection. However, antimicrobial treatments are still required for stomatitis and bacterial kidney disease. Lack of efficacious vaccines and the limited number of licensed antimicrobials available to the industry continue to be of concern. 相似文献
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Y. Miwa M. Nakata H. Takimoto J. K. Chambers K. Uchida 《The Journal of small animal practice》2021,62(2):156-160
This retrospective study of a series of 18 cases aimed to describe the clinical and pathological findings of oral tumours in rabbits, as there have been few reports detailing spontaneous oral tumours in this species. A total of 13 different tumour types were diagnosed: squamous cell carcinoma (three), ameloblastoma (two), fibrosarcoma (two), osteosarcoma (two), cementoma (one), complex odontoma (one), giant cell epulis (one), sarcoma (one), chondrosarcoma (one), trichoepithelioma (one), papilloma (one), malignant melanoma (one) and basal cell carcinoma (one). Odontogenic tumours were relatively common in this study as compared to the oral tumours typically identified in dogs and cats. The most common clinical sign in this study was feeding abnormalities. Surgical excision and radiation therapy were found to be effective in rabbits. 相似文献
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Aleksandr Semjonov Vladimir Andrianov Jacobus P. Raath Toomas Orro Liesel Laubscher Silke Pfitzer Toomas Tiirats 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2018,45(4):496-501
Objective
The fixed-dose combination of butorphanol, azaperone and medetomidine (BAM; 30, 12 and 12 mg mL?1, respectively) with subsequent antagonism by naltrexone–atipamezole was evaluated for reversible immobilization of captive blesbok (Damaliscus pygargus phillipsi).Study design
Prospective, clinical trial.Animals
Sixteen blesbok (four males and twelve females), weighing 52.5?71.0 kg, were immobilized in South Africa.Methods
The total dose of BAM ranged from 0.5 to 0.7 mL for females and 0.7 to 0.9 mL for males. In seven animals chosen randomly, 8000 units of hyaluronidase was added to the dart. Physiologic variables were recorded every 5 minutes beginning at 10?20 minutes after darting. Arterial blood samples were collected three times at 20, 30 and 40 minutes after darting for analysis of blood acid-base status.Results
The mean administered doses of BAM were as follows: butorphanol (0.34 ± 0.08 mg kg?1), azaperone (0.14 ± 0.03 mg kg?1) and medetomidine (0.14 ± 0.03 mg kg?1). The inductions were calm and smooth. The mean induction time was 9.6 ± 3.2 minutes with just BAM and 5.1 ± 0.8 minutes with BAM and hyaluronidase combination. Heart rate (45 ± 6 beats minute?1) and respiratory frequency (38 ± 4 breaths minute?1) were stable throughout immobilization. The mean arterial blood pressure for all animals was stable but elevated (137 ± 7 mmHg). Rectal temperature slightly increased over time but remained within an acceptable range. The recovery time after administering naltrexone and atipamezole was 4.8 ± 0.7 minutes.Conclusion and clinical relevance
The BAM combination proved to be reliable and effective in blesbok. 相似文献17.
Aleksandr Semjonov Vladimir Andrianov Jacobus P. Raath Toomas Orro Derik Venter Liesel Laubscher Silke Pfitzer 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2017,44(4):883-889
Objective
The combination of butorphanol, azaperone and medetomidine (BAM) with subsequent antagonism by naltrexone–yohimbine or naltrexone–atipamezole was evaluated for reversible immobilization of captive African lions (Panthea leo).Study design
Prospective, clinical trial.Animals
Twenty lions, 11 males and nine females, weighing 38–284 kg were immobilized in South Africa.Methods
The BAM volume dose rate administered was 0.005–0.008 mL kg?1 (0.6 mL 100 kg?1). Physiologic variables were recorded every 5 minutes. Four arterial blood samples were collected from all animals at 20, 30, 40 and 50 minutes after immobilization for analysis of blood-gases and acid-base status.Results
The actual doses administered were as follows: butorphanol, 0.18 ± 0.03 mg kg?1; azaperone, 0.07 ± 0.01 mg kg?1; and medetomidine, 0.07 ± 0.01 mg kg?1. The inductions were calm and smooth, and induction time ranged from 4 to 10 minutes (7 ± 2 minutes). The amount of time needed to work with each lion was 70 minutes, and no additional drug doses were needed. Heart rate (40 ± 8 beats minute?1) and respiratory frequency (15 ± 4 breaths minute?1) were stable throughout immobilization. The mean arterial blood pressure of all animals was stable but elevated (142 ± 16 mmHg). The rectal temperature slightly increased over time but remained within acceptable range. The recovery time was significantly shorter when using naltrexone and atipamezole (9 ± 1 minutes) compared to using naltrexone and yohimbine (22 ± 7 minutes).Conclusion and clinical relevance
The BAM combination proved to be reliable for general veterinary anaesthesia in lions. During anaesthesia, minor veterinary procedures such a blood collection, intubation, vaccination and collaring could safely be performed with no additional dosing required. 相似文献18.
BackgroundGuinea pigs with dental disease usually present with nonspecific signs such as reduced food intake, difficulty eating and poor general condition. It is assumed that deficient dental attrition is the cause for overlong teeth. Giant teeth, or Macrodonts, have been mentioned as an occasionally occurring pathology.MethodsGuinea pigs with clinically and radiologically confirmed dental disease presented between 2011 and 2014 and with complete sets of radiographs of the skull (laterolateral, dorsoventral, oblique and isolated views of the mandible and maxilla) were included in this retrospective study (n = 131). Every tooth was radiologically assessed and documented as changed, if an alteration in tooth width, tooth structure, periodontal ligament space, alveolar bone lamina dura and, in the incisors, pulp cavity was present. Special focus was placed on macrodonts and their additional alterations besides increase in width.ResultsThe majority (89% = 116/131) of all guinea pigs had at least one macrodont; more than half (58% = 246/422) of all abnormal teeth were macrodonts. In total, 246 teeth (54 incisors, 192 cheek teeth) were diagnosed as macrodonts by means of radiography based on the presence of tooth expansion. Mandibular incisors were much more often affected by macrodontia (87%, 47/54). Furthermore, 91% (175/192) of cheek teeth macrodonts were found in the last two tooth positions. In the present study 97% of all macrodonts (238/246) showed both expansion and structural loss. Alterations to the periodontal ligament space were found in 76% (118/246) of macrodonts. The lamina dura of alveolar bone was changed in 46% (113/246) of cases. Abnormalities of the pulp cavity were present in 80% (43/54) of incisor macrodonts.Conclusion and clinical relevanceIn conclusion, macrodonts occur much more often than previously documented and present a common diagnostic finding in guinea pigs with dental disease. Macrodontia is radiologically characterised by expansion of the tooth and structural loss. 相似文献
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Lesellier S Palmer S Dalley DJ Davé D Johnson L Hewinson RG Chambers MA 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2006,112(1-2):24-37
European badgers (Meles meles) are a wildlife reservoir for Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) in Great Britain (GB) and the Republic of Ireland and therefore constitute a potential source of infection for cattle. Reduction of badger densities in the Republic of Ireland has resulted in an associated reduction in the risk of a herd break-down with bovine tuberculosis and a study to determine whether this is also the case in GB has been running since 1997. If badgers are a significant source of M. bovis infection for cattle, vaccinating badgers with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) might prove to be a long term, cost-effective strategy for controlling bovine tuberculosis whilst preserving badger populations. As a first step towards BCG vaccination of wild badgers, it was necessary to demonstrate safety of the vaccine in captive badgers. Therefore, captive badgers were vaccinated with a commercial source of BCG that is already licensed for administration to humans in GB-BCG Danish SSI. Using a protocol prescribed by the Veterinary Medicines Directorate (VMD) of GB, badgers were vaccinated with two consecutive doses of BCG via either the subcutaneous (s.c.) or intra-muscular (i.m.) routes. The first dose was high, ranging from 16 to 22 x 10(7) colony-forming units (CFU), and was followed 15 weeks later by a lower dose in the range of 4-7 x 10(5)CFU. Local reaction at the site of injection and general responses (body temperature, haematology and blood serum chemistry), behaviour and excretion of BCG were monitored for 28 weeks from the time of the first vaccination. The only side-effect observed was the occurrence of localised swelling at the site of BCG injection that disappeared 48 days after i.m. vaccination but persisted longer in the group vaccinated by the s.c. route. Immunological responses were measured at regular intervals. Strong cellular responses were observed 13 days after the first vaccination, which persisted for 76 days. The lower dose induced a weaker and shorter-lived response. 相似文献