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1.
马尾松外生菌根菌的培养和育苗效应研究   总被引：7，自引：2，他引：7  
对彩色豆马勃、厚环乳牛肝菌、血红铆钉菇等７株菌根菌株在４种培养基、３种温度梯度下的生长状况和马尾松苗期接种效果进行研究。结果表明：改良麦芽汁培养基是外生菌根菌的适宜培养基；彩色豆马勃适应力强，明显促进马尾松苗期生长，菌根感染率高，但各菌株之间存在差异；厚环乳牛肝菌不适宜马尾松的苗期生长。  相似文献   

2.
【目的】探究干旱胁迫下接种不同外生菌根真菌对马尾松幼苗根系生长、形态、根系分泌物及根际土壤酶活性的影响,为阐明不同外生菌根菌促生抗逆的策略提供参考。【方法】采用棚内盆栽试验,分析正常浇水和干旱胁迫条件下,接种橙黄硬皮马勃(Sc)、琥珀乳牛肝菌(Sp)和未接菌(CK)马尾松幼苗的地上和地下生长、根系分泌物及根际土壤酶活性差异。【结果】1)干旱胁迫抑制马尾松生长和根系活力,但接种Sc和Sp均能促进马尾松幼苗生长、生物量积累和根系活力,改善根系形态,以接种Sc效果更佳。2)在根系分泌物中共检测出酸类、酮类、萜类、酯类、醇类和醛类6大类有机物质,共28种化合物。分泌物组成和相对含量受接菌和干旱胁迫调控,其中,接种Sc和Sp分别使分泌物种类增加和降低;无论是否接菌,分泌物种类均在干旱胁迫下增加;各类分泌物相对含量对干旱和接菌处理响应明显且存在差异,变化幅度和方向与分泌物种类有关;接种菌根菌能改变干旱胁迫下各类分泌物相对含量的变化,主要表现在抑制萜类相对含量、增加醛类相对含量,同时,酸类物质相对含量下降程度更大。菌根菌对同一组分不同化合物相对含量也有显著影响。3)马尾松幼苗接种Sp后通过提高根际土...  相似文献   

3.
【目的】对比分析接种外生菌根真菌对马尾松苗木根际土壤浸提物种类及其含量的影响,阐明根际土壤浸提物对马尾松种子萌发的影响,为菌根化育苗及马尾松天然更新研究提供科学依据和理论指导。【方法】以接种和未接种外生菌根真菌的1年生马尾松苗木为研究对象,采用乙醇和甲醇两种浸提剂分别萃取分离接种和不接种苗木根际土壤,气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)进行物质鉴定,研究不同马尾松苗木根际土壤浸提物化学成分和含量的差异,再运用生物测定方法研究浸提物对马尾松种子的化感效应。【结果】采用乙醇浸提,接种Sl12和Sl13菌株苗木根际土壤浸提物中物质种类分别比非菌根化苗木多22和23种,其中酸类是数量最多且比例较大的一类化合物,两种接种苗木酸类所占比例分别为51.20%和48.80%,非接种苗木酸类所示比例为34.17%;采用甲醇浸提,未接种苗木根际土壤浸提物中物质种类23种,两种接种苗木物质种类分别为34和32种,其中酸类、酯类相对含量较大,两种接种苗木酸类所占比例分别为39.06%和34.86%,酯类分别为32.01%和38.91%,非接种苗木酸类所示比例为33.96%,酯类所示比例为39.59%;菌根化苗木根际土壤乙醇、甲醇浸提物均能检测出棕榈酸、硬脂酸、2,4-二叔丁基苯酚;非菌根化苗木只能检测出棕榈酸;菌根化苗木根际土壤乙醇浸提物对马尾松种子的发芽率、发芽势、活力指数、胚根长、胚轴长具有一定的抑制作用,化感效应指数为负值。【结论】接种外生菌根真菌影响苗木根际土壤中分泌物的化学组成成分,增加分泌物的种类和数量;3种苗木根际土壤浸提物对种子的萌发具有一定抑制作用。  相似文献   

4.
几种外生菌根菌对松苗抗非根部病害的影响   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  
研究几种外生菌根真菌对松苗抗松枯梢病和抗松材线虫病的影响.结果表明:菌根菌增强了马尾松苗苗木对松枯梢病的抵抗力,其中华美牛肝菌(504)菌根苗的抗性最强,其次为黄豹斑鹅膏(EG)和彩色豆马勃Pt2菌根苗,彩色豆马勃Pt,和紫金蜡蘑(ZJ)菌根苗的抗性相对较弱;但外生菌根菌对湿地松苗苗木抗松枯梢病的能力未见提高.对黑松和马尾松菌根苗接种松材线虫后发现,菌根增强了黑松和马尾松对松材线虫病的抵抗力,延缓或减轻了苗木的死亡,以504、Pt2和EG的效果较好.黑松菌根苗接种松材线虫后各处理体内早期的PAL活性存在一定差异.对松材线虫抗性较强的菌根苗其体内PAL酶活也较高,反之亦然.供试外生菌根菌的促生作用以及菌根苗体内抗病代谢酶活性的变化与其抗病性有一定的相关性.  相似文献   

5.
【目的】探究荧光假单胞菌与红绒盖牛肝菌共接种条件下NL-895杨根际土壤酶活性和土壤微生物功能多样性的变化,从微生态水平揭示溶磷细菌与外生菌根真菌互作对NL-895杨的促生机制。【方法】采用盆栽试验考察荧光假单胞菌JW-JS1与红绒盖牛肝菌(Xc)共接种后NL-895杨根际土壤酶(酸性磷酸酶、脱氢酶和转化酶)的活性变化,并通过BIOLOG微孔板法分析共接种对NL-895杨根际土壤微生物群落和功能多样性的影响。【结果】从整体趋势来看,不同接种处理后NL-895杨根际土壤酶活性均有所增强,土壤酸性磷酸酶、脱氢酶和转化酶活性均大于对照,其中,共接种JW-JS1+Xc处理对土壤酸性磷酸酶和转化酶活性的促进最为明显;接种150天后,不同接种处理土壤微生物的AWCD值均高于CK(培养24～48 h除外),且随着培养时间的延长呈先上升后稳定的趋势;培养96 h后,共接种JW-JS1+Xc处理土壤微生物McIntosh优势度指数和碳源利用丰富度指数显著高于单接种Xc或JW-JS1和CK(P<0.05),而Shannon丰富度指数和Simpson优势度指数显著低于单接种Xc或JW-JS1和CK(P<0.05);不同接种处理NL-895杨根际土壤微生物对BIOLOG微孔板中6大类碳源的利用能力差异显著(P<0.05)。【结论】荧光假单胞菌JW-JS1与外生菌根真菌Xc共接种对NL-895杨根际土壤酶活性和土壤微生物功能多样性的提高具有一定的促进作用,有利于其土壤肥力的改善,进而促进NL-895杨的生长。与单接种相比,溶磷细菌与外生菌根真菌共接种可更有效地提高杨树根际土壤酶活性和土壤微生物多样性。  相似文献   

6.
接种外生菌根真菌对马尾松幼苗生长的影响   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  
采用松乳菇(Lactariusdeliciosus01,02)、华南牛肝菌(Suillusplacidu504)和双色蜡蘑(LaccariabicolorS238N)4株外生菌根真菌固体纯培养接种物,对马尾松进行了圃地育苗接种试验。接种6个月后取样,比较了接种和未接种马尾松幼苗的生长、菌根侵染率和氮磷钾含量的差异。结果表明,外生菌根对马尾松幼苗的生长和氮磷钾养分的吸收有明显的促进作用,接种幼苗的株高、地径、生物量和氮磷钾含量等显著增加,菌根感染率超过65%以上,较对照均达显著水平(P<0 05)。  相似文献   

7.
【目的】干旱是影响林木生长发育甚至死亡的主要环境胁迫之一。旨在探究接种外生菌根真菌彩色豆马勃（Marx 270）对麻栎幼苗抗旱性的影响。【方法】以麻栎幼苗为材料,进行植株正常水分管控处理（对照,CK）、干旱胁迫处理（D）、正常水分管控+接种彩色豆马勃处理（Pt）和接种彩色豆马勃+干旱处理（Pt+D）4种处理,分析干旱胁迫下接种彩色豆马勃对麻栎幼苗的菌根定植以及生理指标的影响。【结果】接种彩色豆马勃能够在麻栎幼苗根部形成菌丝套,促进麻栎幼苗生长发育并且降低干旱胁迫对其影响。其中,Pt+D处理的株高和地径比D处理分别显著性高出49%和52%。接种彩色豆马勃能显著提升麻栎幼苗叶片叶绿素含量,分别为Pt处理> Pt+D处理> CK处理> D处理,进一步改变气体交换相关参数和叶绿素荧光参数。干旱胁迫下导致麻栎幼苗的抗氧化酶活性的增加,而接种彩色豆马勃后除POD外,Pt+D处理的SOD、CAT、APX和GR活性与D处理相比无显著性差异。再者,接种彩色豆马勃能显著提高麻栎AsA含量,Pt处理比CK处理显著高出74%,Pt+D处理比D处理显著高出103%,但是对GSH含量却无影响。同...  相似文献   

8.
1998～1999年在田间条件下布置了毛白杨VA菌根(包括根内球囊霉菌和单孢球囊霉菌)与外生菌根硬皮马勃混合接种试验.结果表明接种菌根菌对毛白杨苗高生长量有促进作用,且以根内球囊霉菌作用最明显,单孢球囊霉菌处理次之,硬皮马勃处理最差.水涝大大降低人工接种菌根菌的效果,严重影响VA菌根和外生菌根菌单独接种及混合接种的效应,根内球囊霉菌甚至会抑制毛白杨苗木的高生长,VA菌根和外生菌根间的负交互作用也不对苗高生长产生影响.菌根真菌的感染率随时间变化出现较大的波动和变化.  相似文献   

9.
湿地松菌根化育苗技术应用研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
湿地松在自然条件下，没有外生菌根真菌与其共生，便生长不良，甚至死亡。中国林科院开发推广的Pt（Pisolithus tinctorius，彩色豆马勃）优良菌株，系与松类共生的最适外生菌根真菌，利用其培育菌根化苗木，不仅能提高苗木质量和产量，在提高造林成活率和促进林木速生丰产等方面发挥着重要作用。  相似文献   

10.
从不同林型下分离获得的外生菌根真菌纯培养菌株中,选择了劣味乳菇、美味红茹、赭丝膜菌、彩色豆马勃四株菌根菌,进行菌剂制备及其对松苗生长效果的试验。结果表明,PDMA和PD培养基是培养外生菌根真菌较适合的培养基,木屑、麸皮、米糠、玉米粉、珍珠岩、蛭石等是培养菌根菌菌剂较适宜的基质。供试菌对油松、马尾松、落叶松、樟子松、红松苗都具促进生长作用,效果较明显的是丝膜菌,其次是劣味乳菇、美味红菇、彩色豆马勃;对促进火炬松苗生长效果最明显的是劣味乳菇,其次是美味红菇、彩色豆马勃。四种菌对湿地松苗生长效果均高于对照。  相似文献   

11.

In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads.  相似文献   

12.

The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage.  相似文献   

13.

This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland.  相似文献   

14.

The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions.  相似文献   

15.
本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。  相似文献   

16.

The effects of soil scarification (mounding), slash removal and clear-cut age on the natural regeneration in clear-cuts was evaluated using data from four sites in southern Sweden. The treatments were carried out during a good seed and establishment year for birch ( Betula pubescens Ehrh. and B. pendula Roth). Scarification had the strongest positive effect on the density of naturally regenerated seedlings, especially in birch, but also in pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) and spruce [ Picea abies (L.) Karst]. Slash removal had a positive effect on birch density. No statistically significant effect of clear-cut age was found. In addition, no statistically significant interactions between clear-cut age and scarification or slash removal were found. The ingrowth of field vegetation was the fastest in areas that were not scarified, less rapid in areas scarified on old clear-cuts, and the slowest after scarification in fresh clear-cuts. In conclusion, it may be possible to control the density of birch during a good establishment year for birch. If birch is desired, the best combination of treatments is to remove the slash and scarify; otherwise, these treatments should be avoided.  相似文献   

17.
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18.

Based on an enquiry, risk perception among non-industrial private forest owners is described in relation to climate change and forestry hazards. Of the respondents, 11% took action to remedy the effects of climate change. Out of a given set, hazards were ranked according to each respondent's experience of recent substantial financial loss to the estate and in relation to his or her willingness to make investments aimed at risk reduction. For each hazard, the respondent assessed the risk in four classes ranging from very high to negligible risk. Six hazards were considered most problematic in all three aspects: browsing damage, falling timber prices, damage by wind, spruce bark beetle, root rot and pine weevil. A majority of the respondents claimed to take action to reduce the risk associated with at least one hazard, while 35% did not know whether they did. Excluding climate change, the need for decision support was the largest in relation to damage by wind owing to a combination of perceived high risk and a high level of ignorance in relation to whether risk-reducing measures were taken.  相似文献   

19.
In situ produced plant residues contain a mixture of different plant components of varying quality. To assess synergistic or antagonistic interactions occurring during the decomposition and mineralization of such mixtures, individual plant parts (stems, leaves, leaf litter and roots) or the mixture of stems, leaves and leaf litter of the agroforestry species pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) or of crop residues of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) or of the weed hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta) were incubated in pots for 19 weeks. Periodically, remaining plant residues were sieved out (>2 mm), weighed and N content as well as soil mineral N determined. Above- and below-ground residues of peanut decomposed fastest and showed the largest N release in agreement with their high N concentration and low-acid detergent fibre (ADF) : N ratio. Hairy indigo was hypothesized to be of lower quality than pigeonpea because of its high-polyphenol content. However, it decomposed faster than pigeonpea, largely because of the higher N and lower lignin concentration of its components. Ranking of individual plant components for N mineralization resulted in the following pattern, leaves > leaf litter > roots > stems. In mixtures of the different plant components a similar species order in decomposition was obtained, e.g. peanut > hairy indigo > pigeonpea. The amount of N released from the mixture was dominated by stem material that comprised 46–61% of the mixture. The interactions in mixtures were relatively small for peanut (generally high-quality components) as well as for pigeonpea (low proportion of high-quality components, i.e. N rich leaf material). However, a positive interaction occurred during later stages of N mineralization in the mixture of hairy indigo as it had a significant proportion of N rich components and absence of highly reactive polyphenols. Thus, for plants with low to intermediate chemical quality attributes, manipulating plant composition (e.g. by varying harvest age, affecting stem and leaf proportions) will be important to obtain significant interactions during decomposition when its components are mixed.  相似文献   

20.
The use of organic waste materials such as milk sewage as an organic fertilizer could have the dual advantages of organic-waste disposal and reduced dependence on inorganic fertilizers. The effects of fertilization with (1) conventional mineral fertilization, (2) milk sewage sludge at 40 kg N ha−1 target rate and (3) no fertilization on pasture production and tree growth were examined in an experiment consisting of two pasture mixtures under a one-year-old Pinus radiata plantation with a density of 2500 trees ha−1. The two pasture mixtures were: (1) Dactylis glomerata L. var. saborto (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1); (2) Lolium perenne L. var. Tove (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1). The experiment began in the spring of 1995 using a randomized block design with three replicates in Castro Riberas de Lea (Lugo, Galicia, north-western Spain). Plot size was 12 × 8 m2, with a 1 m buffer strip between plots. Two-year data showed that fertilization with either material had a positive effect on pasture production, with no significant difference between the two fertilization treatments. Tree growth in the milk sewage sludge plot was significantly higher than in the control plots. Inorganic fertilization increased pasture production, but affected tree growth negatively. The results show that milk sewage sludge could be used as a fertilizer in silvo-pastoral systems. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

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