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天然橡胶加工废水具有水质、水量变化大的特点,冲击负荷下厌氧生物处理通常效果不佳。针对这一问题,利用海藻酸钙（SA）、聚乙烯醇（PVA）复合材料对本实验室筛选到的同步脱硫除氮菌B16进行包埋,利用包埋固定化后的菌处理天然橡胶加工废水。结果表明：14 d后包埋菌株对实际废水氨氮、总氮及硫酸盐的去除效果分别为44.05％、46.29％和26.06％,并且氨氮去除速率最高可达110.59 mg/（L·d）,硫酸盐平均去除速率为13.8 mg/（L·d）,均高于游离菌株。包埋小球存在一个物料内外传递的时间差,可提供细菌对环境变化适应的一个缓冲的时间,使得包埋固定化后的菌对于水质的变化具有更好的适应性,非常适用于处理天然橡胶加工废水。 相似文献
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以明胶和阿拉伯胶为壁材,茶多酚为固化剂,采用复合凝聚法制备山茶油微胶囊。通过单因素和正交试验考察壁材比、pH、壁材浓度、凝聚时间、芯壁比等复合凝聚条件对山茶油微胶囊包埋率和微观形态的影响,确定山茶油微胶囊复合凝聚的最佳制备工艺,并对微胶囊化前后的山茶油氧化稳定性进行分析比较。结果表明：山茶油微胶囊的最佳复合凝聚制备工艺参数为壁材比1∶1 （W/W）、pH 4.2、壁材浓度1.0%、凝聚时间30 min、芯壁比3∶2 （W/W）,在此最佳条件下制备的山茶油微胶囊产品呈浅棕色粉末状,平均包埋率达82.36%,休止角39.2°,含水率3.67%。热稳定温度280 ℃,具有良好的流动性和热稳定性。同时,加速氧化贮藏试验表明微胶囊化显著提高了山茶油的氧化稳定性。 相似文献
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以春兰根状茎为材料,研究培养基中不同MS盐含量、蔗糖浓度、甘露醇浓度及矮壮素（chlormequat chloride, CCC）浓度对根状茎缓慢生长保存的影响;研究不同浓度海藻酸钠（sodium alginate, SA）和氯化钙（calcium chloride, CC）对于根状茎包埋珠合格率和萌发率的影响,并以此为基础研究春兰根状茎的包埋保存。结果表明：根状茎在MS+10.0 g/L蔗糖+10.0 g/L甘露醇+7.5 g/L琼脂+1.0 g/L活性炭和MS+20.0 g/L蔗糖+7.5 g/L琼脂+1.0 g/L活性炭的培养基上保存,12个月后存活率达84.00%。利用3.5%（W/V）的SA,75.0 mmol/L CC制成的根状茎包埋珠合格率和萌发率达97.60%和92.00%。合格的包埋珠在4 ℃下保存180 d,萌发率和再生率最高,分别为68.00%和64.00%。本研究的结果可为春兰等国兰的种质资源保存和种苗生产提供理论和技术指导。 相似文献
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几种化学药剂对杂交籼稻汕优63自然老化种子引发效果研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
用聚乙二醇（PEG）、聚乙烯醇（PVA）、KNO3、PEG＋KNO3、PVA＋KNO3等几种化学药剂对自然老化的杂交籼稻汕优63种子进行引发效果研究,以筛选最佳处理方法。结果表明,从引发效果和经济实用两方面考虑,以0.5%PVA＋1.0%KNO3处理1 d为最佳。经过该处理的汕优63自然老化种子的发芽率显著提高,比对照（63.0%）提高了11.7个百分点,活力指数、发芽势、苗高、苗重也均较对照显著提高,且成本较低。 相似文献
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蒽酮比色法测定棉花成熟纤维中水溶性总糖含量 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
采用正交实验,对棉花成熟纤维中水溶性总糖的最佳提取条件进行了选择,得到最佳提取条件为：料液比1∶30,盐酸浓度5 mol·L-1,水解时间30 min,提取时间60 min。并对蒽酮比色法测定总糖含量w的条件进行了研究,最佳条件为：测定波长625 nm,显色剂用量9 mL,沸水浴中加热9 min。对棉花成熟纤维样品进行测定,实验表明：葡萄糖标准溶液在0～10 mg·mL-1浓度范围内,吸光度（A）与葡萄糖浓度（C）的线性关系较好,线性回归方程为A=0.0401C+0.0036（r=0.9994）,变异系数为1.8%,平均回收率为99.15%。该方法准确度、精密度较好,可用于成熟棉花纤维中低含量水溶性总糖含量的测定。 相似文献
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橡胶初加工废水产生大量富含高有机质,并具有高粘度、酸性和高有机物等特点。因其处理成本较高且经常存在厌氧处理失效导致后端废水处理不达标、甚至有较多废水直接排出而污染了周边土壤,但目前对于橡胶初加工废水污染土壤的危害及修复关注度不够。前期从天然橡胶加工厂附近的受污染土壤中分离和驯化出了一种以芽孢杆菌为优势菌属的高效降解菌群命名为WR-2。WR-2在橡胶初加工废水降解方面表现出优异的性能,但在应用上WR-2需要一定的准备期及环境适应期。因此,本研究采用包埋法,以海藻酸钠–木薯渣生物质炭、甘蔗渣、椰糠3种载体材料及1.5%、2%两种材料浓度下进行固定化小球制备实验,同时进行橡胶初加工废水中典型的胶清废水污染土壤的固定化小球模拟修复实验,研究WR-2的包埋固定化基础性能及其生物修复能力。经过6组固定化微球在机械性能和对污染土壤的修复效果方面比较发现,2%椰糠改良固定化微球不仅具有较优良的机械性能,在模拟修复实验中对污染土壤的有机质（TOC）降解率高达（96.7%）,土壤二硫化四甲基秋兰姆（TMTD）在14 d全部降解,且使土壤pH从4.42调节至中性,土壤阴阳离子总数降低并具有良好的微生物活性。2%椰糠固定化小球极大地改善了土壤微观结构及土壤通气性和排水性。因此,海藻酸钠2%椰糠作为WR-2的固定化小球制备方式,对优化橡胶初加工废水污染土壤的生物修复能力具有效果优和即时应用的作用。 相似文献
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以菠萝蜜种子淀粉为壁材,采用饱和水溶液法制备香草兰精油微胶囊,以包埋产率为指标,采用响应面分析法对微胶囊的包埋条件进行优化探讨。结果表明:5个单因素中,影响最显著的因素为壁芯材比例、包埋温度和包埋时间。响应面优化得到香草兰精油微胶囊的最佳工艺条件为壁芯材比例为7.5∶1;包埋时间72 min;包埋温度54℃,此条件下的包埋产率为(95.46±0.2)%,包埋率为(76.35±0.6)%,载油量为(27.73±0.3)%。试验证明,此条件结果与模型预测值相吻合,此工艺条件可为菠萝蜜种子淀粉包埋香草兰精油微胶囊工艺提供理论依据。 相似文献
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多酚氧化酶（PPO）及过氧化物酶（POD）对植物抗性起重要作用,可被诱抗剂诱导产生。因此,本研究应用三种诱抗剂（水杨酸SA、壳寡糖CO、茉莉酸甲酯MeJA ）及其不同浓度喷施“川苎8号”苎麻幼苗,测定喷施后不同时间其叶片内PPO及POD活性,根据酶活性升高程度来筛选能使苎麻产生较大抗性的合适诱抗剂及使用浓度。结果表明喷施上述三种诱抗剂均能使叶片内PPO及POD活性升高;0.8 mM SA、3 g/L CO和1 mM MeJA喷施均比同类诱抗剂的其他浓度酶活性要高;同时,三种诱抗剂相比,0.8mM SA喷后7-8d, PPO和POD酶活性均达到最大,效果较其他2种诱抗剂稳定。由此认为SA为诱导苎麻产生抗性的合适诱抗剂,0.8 mM浓度提前7 d喷施能达到较好效果。 相似文献
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为给水杨酸（SA）在小麦高产和淀粉品质调优栽培中的应用提供理论依据，2003～2004年度在大田试验条件下以强、中、弱筋三种类型冬小麦品种豫麦34、豫麦49和豫麦50为供试材料，在开花前3d和开花后7d喷施浓度分别为0、0．5、1．0和1．5g／L的SA，研究其对三种类型专用小麦品种籽粒淀粉组成、特性与产量的影响。结果表明，开花期喷施适宜浓度的SA可以提高淀粉含量、淀粉的支／直比例、粘度参数和强筋小麦的膨胀势，有利于小麦淀粉品质的改善，但对不同类型专用小麦的千粒重、籽粒产量和总淀粉产量的调节效应明显不同，即开花期喷施SA可以提高强筋小麦的千粒重、籽粒产量和总淀粉产量，但1．5g／LSA处理对中筋小麦表现出负效应，与对照相比差异均达极显著水平，对弱筋小麦则无显著调节作用。在本试验条件下，从保证产量和改善小麦淀粉品质的角度来看，对于强筋和弱筋小麦而言，以1．5g／LSA处理效果最好；而中筋小麦以1．0g／LSA处理效果最好。 相似文献
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Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
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《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
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M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
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Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献
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Alejandro Carlos Tozzini María Fernanda Ceriani María Verónica Saladrigas H. Esteban Hopp 《Potato Research》1991,34(3):317-324
Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets
that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and
slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging
toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta.
Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X1 (also called RXact). 相似文献
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Alejandro M. S. Mayer Abimael D. Rodríguez Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati Nobuhiro Fusetani 《Marine drugs》2013,11(7):2510-2573
The peer-reviewed marine pharmacology literature from 2009 to 2011 is presented in this review, following the format used in the 1998–2008 reviews of this series. The pharmacology of structurally-characterized compounds isolated from marine animals, algae, fungi and bacteria is discussed in a comprehensive manner. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral pharmacological activities were reported for 102 marine natural products. Additionally, 60 marine compounds were observed to affect the immune and nervous system as well as possess antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, 68 marine metabolites were shown to interact with a variety of receptors and molecular targets, and thus will probably contribute to multiple pharmacological classes upon further mechanism of action studies. Marine pharmacology during 2009–2011 remained a global enterprise, with researchers from 35 countries, and the United States, contributing to the preclinical pharmacology of 262 marine compounds which are part of the preclinical pharmaceutical pipeline. Continued pharmacological research with marine natural products will contribute to enhance the marine pharmaceutical clinical pipeline, which in 2013 consisted of 17 marine natural products, analogs or derivatives targeting a limited number of disease categories. 相似文献
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Chitosan is considered to be one of the most promising and applicable materials in adsorption applications. The existence of amino and hydroxyl groups in its molecules contributes to many possible adsorption interactions between chitosan and pollutants (dyes, metals, ions, phenols, pharmaceuticals/drugs, pesticides, herbicides, etc.). These functional groups can help in establishing positions for modification. Based on the learning from previously published works in literature, researchers have achieved a modification of chitosan with a number of different functional groups. This work summarizes the published works of the last three years (2012–2014) regarding the modification reactions of chitosans (grafting, cross-linking, etc.) and their application to adsorption of different environmental pollutants (in liquid-phase). 相似文献
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Rita Favas Janaína Morone Rosrio Martins Vitor Vasconcelos Graciliana Lopes 《Marine drugs》2022,20(3)
The loss of density and elasticity, the appearance of wrinkles and hyperpigmentation are among the first noticeable signs of skin aging. Beyond UV radiation and oxidative stress, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) assume a preponderant role in the process, since their deregulation results in the degradation of most extracellular matrix components. In this survey, four cyanobacteria strains were explored for their capacity to produce secondary metabolites with biotechnological potential for use in anti-aging formulations. Leptolyngbya boryana LEGE 15486 and Cephalothrix lacustris LEGE 15493 from freshwater ecosystems, and Leptolyngbya cf. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 and Nodosilinea nodulosa LEGE 06104 from marine habitats were sequentially extracted with acetone and water, and extracts were analyzed for their toxicity in cell lines with key roles in the skin context (HaCAT, 3T3L1, and hCMEC). The non-toxic extracts were chemically characterized in terms of proteins, carotenoids, phenols, and chlorophyll a, and their anti-aging potential was explored through their ability to scavenge the physiological free radical superoxide anion radical (O2•−), to reduce the activity of the MMPs elastase and hyaluronidase, to inhibit tyrosinase and thus avoid melanin production, and to block UV-B radiation (sun protection factor, SPF). Leptolyngbya species stood out for anti-aging purposes: L. boryana LEGE 15486 presented a remarkable SPF of 19 (at 200 µg/mL), being among the best species regarding O2•− scavenging, (IC50 = 99.50 µg/mL) and also being able to inhibit tyrosinase (IC25 = 784 µg/mL), proving to be promising against UV-induced skin-aging; L. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 was more efficient in inhibiting MMPs (hyaluronidase, IC50 = 863 µg/mL; elastase, IC50 = 391 µg/mL), thus being the choice to retard dermal density loss. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the data allowed the grouping of extracts into three groups, according to their chemical composition; the correlation of carotenoids and chlorophyll a with MMPs activity (p < 0.01), O2•− scavenging with phenolic compounds (p < 0.01), and phycocyanin and allophycocyanin with SPF, pointing to these compounds in particular as responsible for UV-B blockage. This original survey explores, for the first time, the biotechnological potential of these cyanobacteria strains in the field of skin aging, demonstrating the promising, innovative, and multifactorial nature of these microorganisms. 相似文献