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2005年11月至2006年3月,用固定样带法及辅助观察法调查记录了武汉桂子山地区冬季鸟类44种,隶属10目22科,鸟类密度为4.30只.hm-2,物种多样性指数为2.647 7,均匀性指数为0.699 7。过去的17a间(1990~2006年),冬季鸟类由61种变为44种,减少了27.87%,其中冬候鸟减少了66.67%,留鸟增加了28.00%;国家Ⅱ级保护鸟类减少了75.00%,湖北省重点保护鸟类增加了14.29%。分析了该地区冬季鸟类的变迁及其原因,并提出了保护建议。 相似文献
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为研究湖南省平江县幕阜山省级自然保护区鸟类群落结构,于2017年4月—2019年4月采用截距法对自然保护区境内鸟类资源进行调查。共记录到鸟类15目40科118种,其中国家Ⅰ级保护鸟类1种,国家Ⅱ级保护鸟类13种。雀形目鸟类物种数最多,占总数的57.6%,留鸟63种,夏候鸟28种,冬候鸟23种,旅鸟4种。 相似文献
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利用样线法对雪峰湖国家湿地公园开展鸟类资源调查与分析。结果表明:共记录到鸟类115种,隶属于13目36科,其中留鸟68种,夏候鸟25种,冬候鸟20种,旅鸟2种。鸟类多样性与群落特征随季节和生境变化而波动。受候鸟迁徙的影响,区域鸟类种类在春季最高,夏季最低。 相似文献
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鸟类多样性研究是自然保护区的重要工作之一。2021年1—12月,采用样线法和样点法,调查了广东连南板洞省级自然保护区鸟类多样,共记录到鸟类15目54科211种。其中国家Ⅰ级和Ⅱ级重点保护鸟类分别为2种和34种;区系以东洋界为主,有129种（61.72%）,古北界44种（21.05%）。居留型以留鸟为主,有136种（65.07%）,冬候鸟40种（19.14%）。优势种为栗颈凤鹛Staphida torqueola和淡眉雀鹛Alcippe hueti;常见种和少见种分别 为27种和59种。Shannon-wiener多样性指数、Marglef丰富度指数、Pielou均匀度指数和Simpson指数计算结果均为板洞保护站最高。该保护区是每年大批鹭鸟等候鸟迁徙的必经路线,建议加大监测力度,掌握候鸟变化动态等。 相似文献
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Integration of indigenous wild woody perennial edible fruit bearing species in the agricultural landscapes of Amhara region,Ethiopia 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The study was undertaken in three districts of Amhara region to assess the extent and purpose of integration of wild indigenous
woody perennial fruit bearing species in the agricultural landscapes, appraise their species composition and diversity and
identify factors holding back farm integration. Data were gathered through interviews administered to 90 randomly chosen household
heads, and fruit trees census in each and every plot of the informants. Species diversity was found to be low and vary by
farm, land use type and site. Altogether 17 species were recorded in the agricultural settings. Species retention in the different
land use types appears to be governed by species relative importance and compatibility with annual crops, where farm edges
recorded a higher ethno-ecological importance score. Nevertheless, as it stands now fruit bearing species are retained primarily
for non-fruit utilities. Free availability, land shortage, slope and altitude as well as disgrace feelings are among the major
factors holding back farm integration and diversity of indigenous species for fruit production. Should they are additionally
exploited for their fruits proper, there is a critical need to raise recognition and awareness at the rural grassroots level
and instill knowledge about the food values, and assist in appropriate tree management techniques and inter-cropping regimes
as well as accessing markets. 相似文献
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福建将石自然保护区冬季鸟类多样性分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
将石自然保护区冬季鸟类共 1 0 1种 ,隶属 1 3目 31科 4亚科 ,其中留鸟占 76 2 % ,冬候鸟占 2 3 8%。该区东洋界鸟类占 5 1 5 % ,古北界鸟类占 2 4 7% ,广布种鸟类占 2 3 8%。将石自然保护区冬季鸟类多样性Shannon -Wiener指数为5 82 ,均匀度Pielou指数为 2 90。影响冬季鸟类多样性的主要因素是食物丰盛度和安全栖息场所 相似文献
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Field margin vegetation is among the last vestiges of semi-natural habitat for birds in many agricultural landscapes of tropical regions. However, field margins differ in size, structure, and flora, and their value to birds depends on all these factors and on species-specific habitat preferences. Therefore, we analyzed data on resident and neotropical migratory birds found in 40 field margins of the agricultural landscape of El Bajío, Guanajuato, Mexico. The structural and botanical characteristics of the field margin, and those of the adjacent landscape, were related to bird species richness and abundance. We recorded 61 species of birds of which 36 were migratory. Locally, the size of the field margin (width, height, volume), its vegetative vertical complexity, and the abundance of trees and tree species had a positive effect on bird species richness and abundance. Native trees, especially mesquites, were especially important for many birds observed foraging, nesting, and perching. The most important landscape-scale variables were the density of hedgerows around field margins and the distance to natural vegetation remnants (scrub forest). Bird species richness and abundance were positively affected by the length of the hedgerows within 100 and 200-m-radius circles centered on each field margin. Field margins closer to natural vegetation also had more bird species and individuals. On the basis of our results, we suggest some general management recommendations for improving the habitat for birds in tropical agricultural landscapes. 相似文献
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千岛湖鸟类多样性及其季节变化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
从2006年9月至2007年8月,对千岛湖的鸟类进行了调查研究,共发现鸟类6 435只,86种,隶属13目32科,其中,国家二级保护物种6种,属古北界的有36种(占41.9%),东洋界39种(占45.3%),广布种11种(占12.8%).从居留类型看,千岛湖的迁徙鸟较多(46种),留鸟较少(40种),各占总数的53.5%和46.5%.千岛湖拥有优良的自然环境条件,其中,水鸟有28种,林鸟58种,各占32.6%和67.4%.千岛湖鸟类呈周期性波动特征.在10月,丰富度和多样性指数值最高,优势度指数最低,因此,千岛湖鸟类多样性状况以10月(即候鸟迁徙的高峰期)最好,说明千岛湖是候鸟迁移途中的-个重要驿站.千岛湖全部鸟类物种平均密度为20.785只/km~2,秋季最高,达到43.40只/km~2,种数达到69种;春季最低,仅有9.30只/km~2,种数为37种.而且,优势种有5种,占总鸟类物种的5.8%;常见种有17种,占19.8%;少见种有36种,占41.9%;罕见种有28种,占32.5%.说明千岛湖鸟类中,有生存危险的物种百分比较高,需要加强保护与管理. 相似文献
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Great Smoky Mountains National Park is using systemic imidacloprid to treat eastern hemlocks (Tsuga canadensis [L.] Carr.) infested with the exotic insect, hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae Annand). This study investigated effects of these treatments on insectivorous birds and hemlock canopy arthropod assemblages in the context of food availability for insectivorous birds. Six pairs of treated and untreated hemlock sites were studied in 2007. Territories of three hemlock-associated Neotropical migratory foliage-gleaning bird species were mapped in these six sites, and relationships between bird territory density and hemlock foliar density were examined. Canopy arthropods were sampled by clipping mid-canopy hemlock branches in each paired site. Arthropods were identified to order or suborder and categorized into bird prey guilds and non-target herbivorous insect guilds. Despite being treated within the previous two years, there were no differences in hemlock woolly adelgid infestation between treated and untreated sites. This may reflect recovery or because the imidacloprid is slow-acting. Bird densities also did not differ between treated and untreated sites but were positively related to branch foliage mass, implying a preference in these birds for well-foliated hemlocks. A total of 10,219 hemlock woolly adelgids, and a total of 906 other arthropods from 16 orders were collected. There were no differences in species richness, abundance, or species composition between treated and untreated sites for total arthropods, or for immature arthropods ≥ 3 mm. In contrast, non-target herbivorous Hemiptera and larval Lepidoptera were significantly reduced in treated hemlocks. Although larval Lepidoptera are primary prey for insectivorous foliage-gleaning birds, the similarity in bird densities between treated and untreated sites suggests the birds are able to find other food resources in the mixed hemlock-deciduous stands where the study sites were located. Therefore, controlling hemlock woolly adelgid-induced defoliation through use of imidacloprid may have short-term benefits for hemlock-associated birds. While imidacloprid treatments did not appear to be currently affecting most arthropods, primary prey guilds should be monitored for long-term declines that could impact hemlock-associated birds. 相似文献
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Improving ways of managing disturbed areas is in urgent need of further research. We assessed the effect of two contrasting
management types—salvage logging and set aside for natural regeneration—applied to a large-scale windthrow in NE Poland on
two distinct taxonomic groups of animals: scuttle flies and birds. In total, 5,368 individual scuttle flies were trapped and
1,649 individual birds were recorded. In both taxonomic groups, we recorded the “winners and losers” of the effects of salvage
logging. The responses of particular species in both groups were independent of their body size. Species diversity, assessed
by rarefaction, increased as a result of the logging in birds and declined in scuttle flies. The species richness, corrected
for unseen species of scuttle flies and birds, was higher on the managed windthrow when compared to the natural one. Comparison
of the results obtained with published data from the intact stands of Białowieża Primeval Forest suggests that salvage logging
reduced the similarity of the fly and bird community to those reported from undisturbed, natural forest areas. Our results
concern mostly the common species. We conclude that salvage logging has considerable influence on assemblages of common species
in the post-disturbance forests. Birds and flies did not respond similarly to salvage logging in term of species diversity,
although both groups included species that were attracted to either managed or unmanaged windthrow sites. 相似文献
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衡水湖国家级自然保护区鸟类调查 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
衡水湖国家级湿地保护区共记录到鸟类17目48科142属299种。其中留鸟31种,夏候鸟81种,冬候鸟37种,旅鸟150种。国家重点保护鸟类Ⅰ级7种、Ⅱ级45种,省级重点保护鸟类77种。属中日保护协定的候鸟154种,占协定总数的67.84%,属中澳保护协定的候鸟42种,占协定总数的51.9%。区系分布属于古北界种的有207种,东洋界种25种,广布种67种。按生境特点分为荒滩农田、水域和人工林3种生态分布类型,各有鸟137种、133种、168种,分别占调查总数的45.8%、44.5%、56.19%。调查发现鸟类数量有减少趋势,提出具体的保护措施。 相似文献
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为保护迁徙鸟类保护提供依据,于 2020 年采用样线法、样点法并结合文献和网络数据,对汕尾市的鸟类多样性进行调查。共记录到鸟类 18 目 67 科 172 属 335 种,其中国家Ⅰ级和Ⅱ级重点保护鸟类分别为 8 种和 48 种。区系以东洋界为主,共 138 种;古北界次之,有 126 种。居留型以留鸟为主共 156 种,冬候鸟116 种。鸟类优势种 22 种,常见种 35 种,少见种 81 种,罕见种 197 种。调查区域按 G-F 指数从大到小依次为海丰县（0.83）、陆河县（0.82）、陆丰市（0.77）、城区（0.68）。结果显示,汕尾市是黄胸鹀 Emberiza aureola 和黑脸琵鹭 Platalea minor 等濒危鸟类的重要栖息地,应加强对鸟类及其栖息地的保护。 相似文献
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【目的】城市鸟类及蜂蝶类群落结构多样性是城市生物多样性的重要组成部分和生态环境质量的重要评价标准之一。了解城市园林绿地食源树种的应用,探讨食源树种的生态特性及其景观特征。【方法】调查了广州市12处城市绿地食源树种的应用,观察鸟类及蜂蝶类的取食情况,记录绿地中食源树种的种类、应用频次、配置方式及生长状况,归纳分析食源树种群落构成、观赏特性、生态性等。【结果】广州园林绿地常见食源树种有23科33属45种,其中鸟类食源树种25种,蜂蝶类食源树种20种,以桃金娘科、桑科、大戟科为主,并以乡土种为主、外来驯化种为辅;食源树种的观赏与被取食时间主要集中于春夏季(31种),秋冬季的相对较少(16种)。【结论】广州市绿地的食源树种资源丰富,约300种,但常见鸟类及蜂蝶类食源树种仅占18%,结合良好适应性、抗逆性、取食性、观赏性,归纳出20种优势乡土食源树种;同时对食源树种群落组成结构进行分析,在兼顾食源树种的观赏性与生态性的基础上,设计出6组可在广州城市园林绿地推广应用的生态配置群落,采用树种混交与立体复合栽植的形式,乔、灌、草结合,形成丰富的水平与垂直植物群落结构,提高绿地生境异质性,增加食源树种的数量及丰富度,提供丰富稳定的食物来源,为鸟类及蜂蝶类提供多样的稳定栖息地。研究结果将对城市园林绿地食源树种的合理选择与科学配置应用,以及营造鸟类及蜂蝶类昆虫生态景观具有现实指导意义。 相似文献