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1.
为明确马铃薯甲虫自然种群的抗寒性,利用热敏电阻测定仪对马铃薯甲虫不同虫态过冷却点和冰点进行了测定。结果表明:不同虫态过冷却点和冰点之间存在显著性差异,其中以卵和成虫的过冷却点最低,分别为:(-13.73±0.93)℃和(-7.89±0.07)℃,显著低于其他虫态。3龄幼虫的过冷却点和冰点最高,分别为:(-6.21±0.08)℃和(-2.80±0.08)℃;过冷却点由低到高顺序为:卵<成虫<1龄幼虫<蛹<4龄幼虫<2龄幼虫<3龄幼虫;冰点由低到高的顺序为:卵<1龄幼虫<成虫<2龄幼虫<蛹<4龄幼虫<3龄幼虫;同一虫态个体间的过冷却点频次分布出现不同程度的变异,但均服从正态分布。研究结果为制定马铃薯甲虫在我国潜在分布和风险分析提供了科学依据。  相似文献   

2.
草地贪夜蛾室内种群抗寒能力测定   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  
为明确草地贪夜蛾的过冷却点和结冰点,为判断草地贪夜蛾抗寒能力提供依据,本研究利用过冷却点测定仪对草地贪夜蛾不同虫态的过冷却点和结冰点进行了测定,并对其频次分布进行了分析。结果表明:草地贪夜蛾的过冷却点(df=834,F=430.26,P0.01)和结冰点(df=834,F=891.71,P0.01)在各虫态之间存在极显著差异,其中卵的过冷却点和结冰点最低,分别为(-25.45±0.25)℃和(-24.70±0.25)℃,显著低于其他虫态。6龄幼虫的过冷却点和结冰点最高,分别为(-7.35±0.14)℃和(-2.07±0.11)℃;过冷却点由低到高顺序为:卵1龄幼虫3日龄蛹2龄幼虫1日龄成虫3龄幼虫4龄幼虫5龄幼虫预蛹6龄幼虫。结冰点的变化趋势和过冷却点相似,由低到高的顺序为:卵1龄幼虫2龄幼虫3日龄蛹3龄幼虫1日龄成虫4龄幼虫预蛹5龄幼虫6龄幼虫;幼虫期,过冷却点和结冰点随龄期增加而逐渐升高。同一虫态个体间的过冷却点和结冰点频次分布存在不同程度的变异。雌雄成虫过冷却点之间没有显著差异,雌成虫结冰点显著低于雄成虫。本研究结果初步表明草地贪夜蛾具有较强的抗寒能力,该结论为草地贪夜蛾越冬区划分和监测预警提供了科学依据。  相似文献   

3.
为明确灰茶尺蠖（Ectropis grisescens）的抗寒能力,利用过冷却点测定仪测定其过冷却点和结冰点,并分析频次分布。结果表明,不同虫态的灰茶尺蠖间过冷却点差异显著,雄成虫的过冷却点最低,为-12.73℃,5龄幼虫的过冷却点最高,为-5.06℃;不同虫态的灰茶尺蠖间结冰点的差异也显著,1龄幼虫的结冰点最低,为-9.85℃,5龄幼虫的结冰点最高,为-0.78℃;雌蛹的过冷却点为-11.93℃,显著低于雄蛹的-10.09℃;雄成虫的过冷却点为-12.73℃,显著低于雌成虫的-11.07℃。同一虫态不同个体过冷却点和结冰点的变异均符合正态分布。幼虫从低龄期（1～2龄）发育至高龄期（3～5龄）,其过冷却点逐渐升高,抗寒能力逐渐下降。灰茶尺蠖雌蛹的抗寒能力强于雄性,但雌性成虫的抗寒能力弱于雄性。  相似文献   

4.
热带两种入侵棕榈害虫耐寒性比较   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
椰子织蛾和椰心叶甲是危害棕榈植物的入侵害虫。为了解其耐寒性,本试验测定了这两种害虫的过冷却点和结冰点,并比较其在2℃低温下致死中时间。结果表明两种害虫卵、蛹过冷却点和结冰点低于幼虫、成虫。总体上椰子织蛾的过冷却点和结冰点低于椰心叶甲的过冷却点和结冰点。致死中时间也表明椰子织蛾的耐寒性强于椰心叶甲。从耐寒的角度看椰子织蛾适生范围比椰心叶甲的要广。  相似文献   

5.
旋幽夜蛾各虫态的过冷却点测定   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  
［目的］ 探明旋幽夜蛾（Scotogramma trifolii Rottemberg）各虫态的耐寒性。［方法］利用过冷却点测定仪对旋幽夜蛾1~5龄幼虫、蛹（滞育、非滞育）和雌雄成虫分别进行过冷却点和结冰点测定。［结果］各龄幼虫过冷却点随龄期的增加逐渐升高,1龄幼虫（-13.63 ℃）<2龄幼虫（-12.50 ℃）<3龄幼虫（-11.08 ℃）<4龄幼虫（-11.05 ℃）<5龄幼虫（-10.04 ℃）。相邻龄期幼虫的过冷却点均未呈现出显著性差异,但低龄幼虫和高龄幼虫间存在显著性差异。其余虫态过冷却点滞育蛹（-24.94 ℃）显著低于非滞育蛹（-21.91 ℃）,雌蛹（-23.84 ℃）<雄蛹（-23.52 ℃）,雌成虫（-15.75 ℃）<雄成虫（-15.44 ℃）,但雌雄蛹和雌雄成虫之间均未呈现显著性差异。［结论］ 旋幽夜蛾各虫态过冷却点变化为蛹（-23.67 ℃）<成虫（-15.60 ℃）<幼虫（-11.48 ℃）,三者之间有显著性差异。研究结果为旋幽夜蛾的越冬区划提供了科学依据。  相似文献   

6.
为初步明确钩纹皮蠹Dermestes ater De Geer不同虫态的抗寒能力,本文运用智能昆虫过冷却点测定仪及配套软件测定钩纹皮蠹幼虫、蛹和成虫的过冷却点及结冰点,比较不同虫态过冷却点和结冰点的差异,以期为钩纹皮蠹的越冬区划分、发生期预测和虫害防控等提供理论依据。结果表明,钩纹皮蠹3日龄蛹的平均过冷却点最低,为-24.31℃,1龄幼虫平均过冷却点最高,为-16.34℃,其余虫态平均过冷却点依次为老熟幼虫(-24.04℃)5日龄蛹(-23.84℃)1日龄蛹(-23.01℃)7日龄蛹(-19.53℃)7龄幼虫(-19.16℃)5龄幼虫(-18.75℃)3龄幼虫(-18.43℃)成虫(-18.25℃);老熟幼虫的平均结冰点最低,为-18.41℃,5龄幼虫平均结冰点最高,为-10.84℃,其余虫态平均结冰点依次为3日龄蛹(-18.26℃)1日龄蛹(-17.13℃)5日龄蛹(-16.87℃)1龄幼虫(-14.66℃)成虫(-14.55℃)7日龄蛹(-13.20℃)3龄幼虫(-12.96℃)7龄幼虫(-12.38℃)。钩纹皮蠹蛹和老熟幼虫有较强的抗寒能力,但幼虫和成虫的抗寒能力较弱。  相似文献   

7.
为探究茶银尺蠖Scopula subpunctaria越冬虫态及其抗寒能力,利用过冷却点测定仪测定各虫态茶银尺蠖的过冷却点和结冰点。结果表明茶银尺蠖卵的过冷却点和结冰点最低,分别为-23.21℃和-22.52℃,均显著低于其他虫态,5龄幼虫的过冷却点最高,为-5.86℃,预蛹的结冰点最高,为-1.79℃。随着幼虫龄期增加,过冷却点和结冰点逐渐升高。同虫态不同个体过冷却点和结冰点的变异均符合正态分布。雄蛹的过冷却点和结冰点分别为-11.07℃和-4.57℃,均显著低于雌蛹的-7.82℃和-2.10℃。雄成虫的过冷却点和结冰点分别-13.39℃和-7.82℃,显著低于雌成虫的-9.60℃和-3.69℃。在蛹和成虫阶段,茶银尺蠖雄性个体的抗寒能力要强于雌性个体的抗寒能力。  相似文献   

8.
梨小食心虫过冷却点及结冰点测定   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
梨小食心虫Grapholita molesta(Busck)是世界性的果树害虫,以老熟幼虫越冬。由于果树新品种的选育以及气候变暖等原因,梨小食心虫寄主植物的适生区扩大。为了明确梨小食心虫的耐寒能力,即是否可以随着寄主植物种植范围的扩大而向寒冷地区发生迁移,本试验对不同虫态、不同龄期幼虫、不同性别的蛹与成虫以及来源于不同环境下的幼虫的过冷却点和结冰点进行测定,进而为判断梨小食心虫是否可以顺利越冬提供理论依据。结果表明:(1)梨小食心虫不同发育阶段的过冷却点及结冰点差异显著,结冰点和过冷却点表现为幼虫蛹成虫;(2)不同龄期幼虫的过冷却点及结冰点差异显著。5龄幼虫的过冷却点(-12.47±0.27)℃与结冰点(-8.21±0.41)℃最低,4龄幼虫的过冷却点(-9.23±0.38)℃与结冰点(-5.06±0.37)℃最高;(3)雌雄成虫与蛹的过冷却点及结冰点差异不显著;(4)不同环境下幼虫的过冷却点及结冰点差异显著,外采幼虫的过冷却点(-24.42±0.69)℃和结冰点(-10.21±0.71)℃最低,室内幼虫经冷驯化后过冷却点降低。因此,在越冬过程中梨小食心虫老熟幼虫的抗寒能力较强,提前经历低温环境可提高其抗寒能力。  相似文献   

9.
多异瓢虫Hippodamia variegata是新疆棉田优势捕食性天敌。为明确不同发育阶段的多异瓢虫的耐寒能力,本研究利用过冷却点仪对多异瓢虫的3龄、4龄幼虫,蛹,2日龄雌、雄成虫分别进行了过冷却点和体液结冰点的测定,并对其频次分布进行了分析。结果表明：蛹的过冷却点(-21.05±0.75)℃和体液结冰点(-17.45±0.89)℃最低;4龄幼虫的过冷却点(-15.02±0.55)℃和体液结冰点(-11.80±0.64)℃次之;2日龄雄成虫的过冷却点(-14.74±0.42)℃和体液结冰点(-11.26±0.42)℃与3龄幼虫的过冷却点(-14.07±0.68)℃和体液结冰点(-11.25±0.61)℃差异不显著;2日龄雌成虫的过冷却点(-12.97±0.40)℃和体液结冰点(-9.65±0.32)℃最高。结果显示,多异瓢虫蛹的耐寒性最强,2日龄雄成虫的耐寒性高于雌成虫,2日龄雌成虫的耐寒性最弱。  相似文献   

10.
为明确不同温度条件下草地贪夜蛾耐寒能力的差异,本研究利用过冷却点仪对不同温度条件下饲养的草地贪夜蛾各虫态的过冷却点和体液冰点进行了测定,并进行了频次分布分析。结果显示:在不同温度(16、20、24、28、32、36℃)条件下饲养的草地贪夜蛾,各虫态过冷却点和体液冰点存在显著差异。其中,3龄幼虫、6龄幼虫以及2日龄蛹的过冷却点和体液冰点均为在16℃下饲养时最低,3龄幼虫分别为(-13.48±0.53)℃和(-8.97±0.35)℃;6龄幼虫分别为(-8.94±0.28)℃和(-4.99±0.28)℃;2日龄蛹分别为(-18.09±0.50)℃和(-12.17±0.37)℃。5日龄蛹过冷却点在16℃饲养时最低,为(-17.76±0.49)℃,体液冰点在32℃和16℃饲养时最低,分别为(-11.72±0.56)℃和(-11.02±0.39)℃;成虫过冷却点在16℃饲养时最低,为(-17.87±0.55)℃,体液冰点在28℃和16℃饲养时最低,分别为(-11.23±0.61)℃和(-10.98±0.44)℃。本研究结果表明低温对草地贪夜蛾的耐寒能力具有一定的驯化作用,同时适当的高温也可以提高草地贪夜蛾的耐寒能力。该研究结果有助于预测草地贪夜蛾在我国的越冬分布区域,对其监测预警及防控具有重要意义。  相似文献   

11.
Fifteen species of dermestid beetles were recorded at ‘Evolution Canyon’ (EC), Lower Nahal Oren, Mt. Carmel, Israel. They represent ~35% of known Israeli dermestid species. The following three species were recorded for the first time in Israel:Trogoderma svriaca Dalla Torre, 1911;Ctesias svriaca Ganglbauer, 1904; andAnthrenus (s.str.) jordaniens Pic, 1934. Adults of 13 species were collected on the more solar radiated, warmer and climatically more fluctuating south-facing slope (SFS); ten species were collected on the opposite, north-facing slope (NFS), which was cooler and climatically more stable. The abundance of adult dermestid beetles was 1.9 times higher on the SFS than on the NFS (86 and 47, respectively). Species richness and abundance distribution at EC (three collecting stations on each slope and one at the valley bottom) were significantly negatively correlated with the plant cover that consisted of trees and bushes (Spearmanr s ,P=0.007 and 0.039, respectively) and perennials (Spearmanr s ,P=0.039 and 0.077, respectively), indicating that non-woody plants were preferred by adult dermestid beetles.  相似文献   

12.
Recent data on the epidemiology of the common mycotoxigenic species of Fusarium, Alternaria, Aspergillus and Penicillium in infected or colonized plants, and in stored or processed plant products from the Mediterranean area are reviewed. Emphasis is placed on the toxigenicity of the causal fungal species and the natural occurrence of well known mycotoxins (aflatoxins, ochratoxins, fumonisins, trichothecenes, zearalenone, patulin, Alternaria-toxins and moniliformin), as well as some more recently described compounds (fusaproliferin, beauvericin) whose toxigenic potential is not yet well understood. Several Fusarium species reported from throughout the Mediterranean area are responsible of the formation of mycotoxins in infected plants and in plant products, including: Fusarium graminearum, F. culmorum, F. cerealis, F. avenaceum, F. sporotrichioides and F. poae, which produce deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, fusarenone, zearalenone, moniliformin, and T-2 toxin derivatives in wheat and other small grains affected by head blight or scab, and in maize affected by red ear rot. Moreover, strains of F. verticillioides, F. proliferatum, and F. subglutinans, that form fumonisins, beauvericin, fusaproliferin, and moniliformin, are commonly associated with maize affected by ear rot. Fumonisins, were also associated with Fusarium crown and root rot of asparagus and Fusarium endosepsis of figs, caused primarily by F. proliferatum. Toxigenic A. alternata strains and associated tenuazonic acid and alternariols were commonly found in black mould of tomato, black rot of olive and citrus, black point of small cereals, and black mould of several vegetables. Toxigenic strains of A. carbonarius and ochratoxin A were often found associated with black rot of grapes, whereas toxigenic strains of A. flavus and/or P. verrucosum, forming aflatoxins and ochratoxin A, respectively, were found in moulded plant products from small cereals, peanuts, figs, pea, oilseed rape, sunflower seeds, sesame seeds, pistachios, and almonds. Finally, toxigenic strains of P. expansum and patulin were frequently found in apple, pear and other fresh fruits affected by blue mould rot, as well as in derived juices and jams.  相似文献   

13.
The genera ofMicrogaster Latreille 1804 andHygroplitis Thomson 1895 from China are presented systematically in this paper. Thirty-two species ofMicrogaster and three species ofHygroplitis are known in China. Diagnosis, character variation, distribution and host of each species among the two genera are presented, including its host and distribution. Keys to the species ofMicrogaster andHygroplitis are given. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Dec. 19, 2006.  相似文献   

14.
Plant Viruses Transmitted by Whiteflies   总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18  
One-hundred and fourteen virus species are transmitted by whiteflies (family Aleyrodidae). Bemisia tabaci transmits 111 of these species while Trialeurodes vaporariorum and T. abutilonia transmit three species each. B. tabaci and T. vaporariorum are present in the European–Mediterranean region, though the former is restricted in its distribution. Of the whitefly-transmitted virus species, 90% belong to the Begomovirus genus, 6% to the Crinivirus genus and the remaining 4% are in the Closterovirus, Ipomovirus or Carlavirus genera. Other named, whitefly-transmitted viruses that have not yet been ranked as species are also documented. The names, abbreviations and synonyms of the whitefly-transmitted viruses are presented in tabulated form together with details of their whitefly vectors, natural hosts and distribution. Entries are also annotated with references. Whitefly-transmitted viruses affecting plants in the European–Mediterranean region have been highlighted in the text.  相似文献   

15.
Broad bean mottle virus (BBMV) was transmitted from infected to healthy faba-bean plants by the curculionid weevilsApion radiolus Kirby,Hypera variabilis Herbst,Pachytychius strumarius Gyll,Smicronyx cyaneus Gyll, andSitona lineatus L. The latter appeared to be an efficient vector: acquisition and inoculation occurred at the first bite, the rate of transmission was c. 41%, and virus retention lasted for at least seven days.S. lineatus transmitted the virus from faba bean to lentil and pea, but not to the three genotypes of chickpea tested. This is the first report on the generaHypera, Pachytychius, andSmicronyx as virus vectors, and onA. radiolus, H. variabilis, P. strumarius, andS. cyaneus as vectors of BBMV.Out of 351 samples of food legumes with symptoms suggestive of virus infection, 16, 11, 19, and 17% of the samples of chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean, respectively, were found infected when tested for BBMV in DAS-ELISA. This is the first report on the natural occurrence of BBMV in chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean. The virus should be regarded as a food-legume virus rather than a faba-bean virus solely, and is considered an actual threat to food legume improvement programmes.  相似文献   

16.
A collection of 38 PVY isolates from seed potato batches, originating from several Western European countries, was characterized by using current biological, serological and molecular tools differentiating PVY strains and groups. The correlation between the three kinds of tests was good but not absolute. No single serological or PCR method was able to discriminate among the five isolate groups found. Twenty-nine isolates belonged to the PVYN strain and six to the PVYO strain. No PVYC was found. Two other isolates reacted serologically like PVYO, but were unable to elicit a hypersensitive response from the Nytbr gene and probably represent the PVYZ group. At the molecular level, these two isolates showed a combination of both PVYO and PVYN and could be recombinants of these strains. Another isolate reacted serologically like PVYO, but induced vein necrosis in tobacco, like PVYN-Wilga. Some PVYN isolates caused tuber ring necrosis in glasshouse conditions. These might belong to the PVYNTN group. The PVYNTN, PVYN-Wilga and PVYZ groups probably represent pathotypes within strains PVYN and PVYO, respectively. The present study also confirms previous reports showing a high genetic variation at the 5 end within the PVYN strain.  相似文献   

17.
The phenology of the autumn leafroller,Syndemis musculana, a local pest of apple, was studied in order to forecast larval emergence. From 1983–1986, peak flight as determined with sexpheromone traps was always between 13–18 May. The duration of embryonic development was determined at various constant temperatures and used to estimate the periods of egg hatch in these four years. Each year, most eggs should have hatched in the second decade of June.Differences in attack rates between apple cultivars seem to be explained largely by the variation in picking time. Larvae are only half grown at the beginning of harvest (cv. James Grieve), and have gone into hibernation when the latest variety (cv. Golden Delicious) is picked. Moreover, the varieties Cox's Orange Pippin and Belle de Boskoop, picked about half time, are liable to receive additional damage by caterpillars brought with the picked fruits into storage.Various hymenopterous parasites were reared from caterpillars. As the only leafroller in the orchard which hibernates as mature larva,S. musculana may promote winter survival of some parasitoids, like the eulophidColpyclypeus florus.Samenvatting De fenologie van de herfstbladroller (Syndemis musculana Hübner), een incidentele plaag op appel, werd nader bepaald met het doel het uitkomen van de eieren te kunnen voorspellen. In 1983–1986 viel de piekvlucht, bepaald met behulp van feromoonvallen, steeds tussen 13 en 18 mei.De ontwikkelingsduur van de eieren bij verschillende constante temperaturen werd gebruikt om de periode van uitkomen te schatten. De meeste eieren zullen ieder jaar in de eerste helft van juni uitkomen.Geconstateerde verschillen in schade tussen appelrassen blijken goeddeels terug te voeren op verschillen in pluktijdstip. De rupsen van de herfstbladroller zijn pas half-was als de eerste appels eind augustus geplukt worden, terwijl tegen het einde van de oogst begin oktober de meeste al in winterslaap zijn. Met name tussentijdse rassen, als Cox's Orange Pippin and Schone van Boskoop, lopen extra schade op doordat grotere rupsen met de geplukte vruchten in de kist terecht komen.Uit de rupsen werden negen, al van andere boomgaardbladrollers bekende, sluipwespen gekweekt, Omdat deze bladrollersoort, als enige in de boomgaard, als volgroeide rups overwintert, lijkt zij bij uitstek geschikt als winterwaard.This study was carried out at the Experimental Orchard De Schuilenburg, Schuilenburg 3, 4041 BK Kesteren, the Netherlands, to which address correspondence should be addressed.  相似文献   

18.
Molecular diagnostic techniques have been developed to differentiate the Ascochyta pathogens that infect cool season food and feed legumes, as well as to improve the sensitivity of detecting latent infection in plant tissues. A seed sampling technique was developed to detect a 1% level of infection by Ascochyta rabiei in commercial chickpea seed. The Ascochyta pathogens were shown to be genetically diverse in countries where the pathogen and host have coexisted for a long time. However, where the pathogen was recently introduced, such as A. rabiei to Australia, the level of diversity remained relatively low, even as the pathogen spread to all chickpea-growing areas. Pathogenic variability of A. rabiei and Ascochyta pinodes pathogens in chickpea and field pea respectively, appears to be quantitative, where measures of disease severity were based on aggressiveness (quantitative level of infection) rather than on true qualitative virulence. In contrast, qualitative differences in pathogenicity in lentil and faba bean genotypes indicated the existence of pathotypes of Ascochyta lentis and Ascochyta fabae. Therefore, reports of pathotype discrimination based on quantitative differences in pathogenicity in a set of specific genotypes is questionable for several of the ascochyta-legume pathosystems such as A. rabiei and A. pinodes. This is not surprising since host resistance to these pathogens has been reported to be mainly quantitative, making it difficult for the pathogen to overcome specific resistance genes and form pathotypes. For robust pathogenicity assessment, there needs to be consistency in selection of differential host genotypes, screening conditions and disease evaluation techniques for each of the Ascochyta sp. in legume-growing countries throughout the world. Nevertheless, knowledge of pathotype diversity and aggressiveness within populations is important in the selection of resistant genotypes.  相似文献   

19.
In the summer of 2004 an epidemic of sclerotinia blight of peanut, a disease caused by Sclerotinia minor, occurred in Texas in fields where the disease was never previously detected. The disease was observed on many plants within one of the fields (>3000 disease foci), although most foci were <1 m. It is hypothesized that these observations were inconsistent with the recent introduction of a monocyclic pathogen, even if disease developed under conducive environmental conditions. The pattern of disease is most suggestive of the presence of foliar (ascospore) infections, although air temperature was above the known limits for apothecia development if the pathogen had arrived in the field in 2004 peanut seed. To further examine this epidemic, 232 isolates were collected, across a variety of spatial scales spanning this field and other Texas peanut fields, and evaluated for aggressiveness, fungicide sensitivity and genotypic diversity. There was wide variation among isolates for the phenotypic characteristics measured, but there was no evidence that a genotypically unique, highly aggressive, and fungicide resistant isolate had been introduced or evolved. The predominant genotype, TX1, which contained 154 isolates, was found in every county and field population.  相似文献   

20.
In 1975 many tumours were observed in plants ofBegonia Schwabenland grown in Aalsmeer. Submersion of the roots ofNicotiana megalosiphon seedlings in a homogenate of tumorous tissue, induced tumours after two weeks. Short periods of submergence yielded results similar to those obtained after longer periods. Tumour homogenates lost their infectivity after ten min at 50°C. Aphids transmitted the infectious agent.Treatment with propylene oxide did not inhibit infectivity completely. Filtration through a 450 nm filter removed the infectious agent.Tobacco tumor virus or a viroid could not be isolated. Cultures ofCorynebacterium fascians, isolated from tumours ofN. megalosiphon were highly infectious and induced tumours in healthyN. megalosiphon andBegonia. Tumorous tissue homogenates ofPelargonium zonale, Dahlia sp.,Gladiolus sp., andLilium sp. also caused tumours inN. megalosiphon, from whichC. fascians was isolated. It was not possible to produce tumours inN. megalosiphon with homogenates from roses with symptoms of bud proliferation.Samenvatting In 1975 werden vele tumoren waargenomen inBegonia Schwabenland op Aalsmeerse bedrijven (Fig. 1). De infectiositeit van tumorweefsel kon goed en snel worden vastgesteld door de wortels van zaailingen vanNicotiana megalosiphon in een homogenaat van tumorweefsel te dompelen. Tumoren ontstonden na twee weken, de eindbeoordeling geschiedde na een maand (Fig. 2). Ook verschillende andereNicotiana spp.,Melilotus officinalis (Fig. 3) enPisum odoratum (Fig. 4) werden aangetast.Bij de infectiositeitstoets gaven zeer korte dompeltijden even goede resultaten als langere (Tabel 1). Infectieus sap verloor zijn infectievermogen na 10 min verhitting bij 50°C. Bladluizen brachten de smetstof over. Propyleenoxide verminderde de infectiositeit wel, doch onderdrukte deze niet totaal. Bij filtratie door een 450 nm filter bleef het infectieuse agens op het filter achter. Het tumor-inducerende agens was ook aanwezig in die delen van planten met tumoren welke gezond leken en het ging voor een gering deel over met zaad (Tabel 2).Uit tumoren konden wij geen tabakstumorvirus of een viroïde isoleren. Culturen vanCorynebacterium fascians, geïsoleerd uit tumoren vanN. megalosiphon bleken zeer infectieus en veroorzaakten tumoren inN. megalosiphon enBegonia. Homogenaten van tumorweefsel vanPelargonium zonale, dahlia (Fig. 5), gladiool (Fig. 6) enLilium Mid Century Hybrid Enchantment (Fig. 7) veroorzaakten ook tumoren opN. megalosiphon, waaruitC. fascians werd geïsoleerd. Met sap van kroeskopzieke rozen konden wijN. megalosiphon niet besmetten.  相似文献   

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