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1.
Prior research indicated that foot ash determinations were as robust as tibia bone ash determinations in reflecting the degree of bone mineralization in chicks at 14 d of age. In the current research, the relative effectiveness of the 2 procedures was evaluated in 21- and 42-day-old broilers while also evaluating a new dietary phytase supplement. In experiment 1, broilers were fed until 21 d of age a negative control diet with 0.24% available phosphorus, a positive control diet with 0.48% available phosphorus, or the negative control diet supplemented with 300, 500, 1,000, or 2,500 phytase units/kg diet. In experiment 2, broilers were fed until 42 d of age negative control diets having 0.275, 0.250, and 0.225 percent available dietary phosphorus in the starter, grower, and finisher periods, respectively, positive control diets having 0.475, 0.450, and 0.425 percent available dietary phosphorus in the starter, grower, and finisher periods, respectively, or the negative control diets supplemented with 500, 1,000, or 2,500 phytase units/kg diet. At 21 and 42 d of age, broilers fed diets supplemented with the 2 highest doses of phytase had foot and tibia ash values equal to those fed the positive control diet and higher than those fed the negative control diet. At 42 d of age, feed conversion and total breast meat yield values for the broilers fed the highest dose of phytase were superior to the values of the birds fed the positive control diet or the diet containing the lowest dose of phytase. The results indicate that adding levels of this new dietary phytase beyond what is necessary for normal bone mineralization enhances feed conversion and that dried foot and tibia bone ash determinations are both reliable in detecting differences in bone mineralization in 21- and 42-day-old broilers.  相似文献   

2.
本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加不同水平维生素D3(VD3)对肉仔鸡生长性能及骨磷代谢利用的影响。试验选用480只1日龄艾拔益加肉公雏,采用2×4双因子完全随机设计,设2个饲粮非植酸磷水平[0.45%和0.23%(实测值为0.44%和0.21%)]与4个VD3添加水平(0、1 000、2 000和4 000IU/kg),共8个组,每组6个重复,每个重复10只鸡。试验期21d。结果表明,与0.21%非植酸磷水平相比,0.44%非植酸磷水平显著提高肉仔鸡平均日增重(ADG)、平均日采食量(ADFI)、胫骨灰分含量和胫骨灰分磷含量(P0.05),显著降低料重比(F/G)和胫骨灰分磷绝对沉积率(P0.05);与不添加VD3相比,饲粮中添加VD3显著提高肉仔鸡ADG、15~21和1~21日龄ADFI、胫骨灰分含量和胫骨灰分磷绝对沉积率(P0.05),显著降低1~21日龄肉仔鸡F/G(P0.05);0.21%非植酸磷水平下,与不添加VD3相比,饲粮中添加VD3显著降低肉仔鸡死亡率(P0.05),显著提高21日龄肉仔鸡胫骨灰分磷重量(P0.05),添加2000IU/kg VD3显著提高14日龄肉仔鸡胫骨灰分磷重量(P0.05);0.44%非植酸磷水平下,与不添加VD3相比,饲粮中添加VD3显著提高肉仔鸡胫骨灰分磷重量(P0.05)。以上结果表明,饲粮中添加VD3可提高肉仔鸡的生长性能并降低死亡率,促进磷在骨骼中的代谢利用。  相似文献   

3.
Phytate is an antinutrient in animal feeds, reducing the availability and increasing the excretion of nutrients. Phytases are widely used to mitigate the negative influences of phytate. This trial was designed to compare the efficacy of 2 Escherichia coli-derived phytases on broiler performance and bone ash as influenced by dietary phytate level. A total of 1,024 Arbor Acres male broilers were used with 8 replicate pens of 16 birds/pen. Experimental diets were based on low available phosphorus (avP; 1.8 g/kg) with low (6.40 g/kg) or high (10.65 g/kg) phytate. The low-avP diets were then supplemented with mono-dicalcium phosphate to increase the avP level to 4.5 g/kg, 500 phytase units/kg of phytase A, or 500 phytase units/kg of phytase B to create 8 experimental diets. Feed intake, BW gain, FCR, and livability were influenced by a P source × phytase interaction. Feed intake, BW gain, and livability were reduced and FCR was higher in broilers fed low-avP diets, particularly in the presence of high phytate. Phytase A or phytase B improved feed intake, BW gain, and FCR, particularly in the high-phytate diet. However, broilers fed phytase A ate more and were heavier than broilers fed phytase B. Tibia ash was lowest in broilers fed the low-avP diet and highest in broilers fed the diet supplemented with mono-dicalcium phosphate. Phytase increased tibia ash, and broilers fed phytase A had an increase in tibia ash compared with broilers fed phytase B. In conclusion, high dietary phytate reduced broiler performance. Phytase A and phytase B improved bone ash and growth performance, especially in the high-phytate diets. However, phytase A was more efficacious than phytase B, regardless of the level of phytate.  相似文献   

4.
1. Performance, gait score (GS), tibial dyschondroplasia (TD), and tibia bone mineralisation and breaking strength were determined in 2880 male and female Ross 208 broilers fed on diets with two different concentrations of dietary metabolisable energy (ME) (11.00 or 12.00 MJ/kg) and 4 different concentrations of available phosphorus (aP) adjusted for dietary ME content (4.0, 4.5, 5.0 or 5.5 g/kg aP in starter and 3.5, 4.0, 4.5 or 5.0 g/kg aP in finisher diets containing 12.00 MJ/kg). 2. Tibia ash, calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) contents in broilers given diets with low ME (11.00 MJ/kg) were greater than those of broilers given diets with higher ME (12.00 MJ/kg). Tibia ash, Ca and P contents increased curvilinearly with increasing dietary aP content. The dietary aP level had no effect on GS. 3. Dietary concentration of ME or aP had no effect on tibia breaking strength. 4. Walking ability, as measured by GS, was negatively correlated with the body weight (BW) of tested birds at 23 and 35 d of age, but the dietary ME content or aP level had no significant effect on GS at 35 d of age. 5. The results indicated that bone mineral content had no clear correlation with the walking ability of broilers.  相似文献   

5.
选用800只21日龄白羽肉鸡,采用5×4二因子完全随机试验设计,随机分成20组,每组4个重复。在玉米-豆粕型日粮基础上添加5个水平钙(0.6%、0.8%、1.0%、1.2%和1.5%)和4个水平非植酸磷(0.35%、0.45%、0.55%和0.65%),研究饲料中不同钙、磷水平对4～6周龄肉鸡骨骼生长的影响。结果表明:胫骨强度、胫骨灰分及胫骨磷含量和日粮钙、磷水平呈显著正相关(P<0.05),但1.5%钙、0.6%钙和0.35%非植酸磷都显著降低胫骨强度、胫骨灰分及胫骨磷含量(P<0.05)。4-6周龄肉鸡达到最大胫骨强度时的日粮钙、非植酸磷添加水平分别为1.0%和0.45%。。由回归方程得出4-6周龄肉鸡胫骨灰分含量和胫骨强度达最大时的日粮钙、非植酸磷添加水平分别为0.99%、0.55%和1.02%、0.55%。  相似文献   

6.
22～42日龄黄羽肉鸡钙需要量研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
本试验旨在研究不同饲粮钙水平对22～42日龄黄羽肉鸡生长性能、胫骨性能和血清生化指标的影响,探讨22～42日龄黄羽肉鸡的钙需要量。试验选用22日龄岭南黄羽肉公鸡1 200只,分为6个处理,每个处理5个重复,每个重复40只鸡。处理1(对照组)肉鸡饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮(钙水平为0.45%),处理2～6(试验组)肉鸡饲喂在基础饲粮中添加不同水平石粉的试验饲粮,饲粮钙水平分别为0.60%、0.75%、0.90%、1.05%和1.20%,其他营养水平各处理基本一致。试鸡自由采食与饮水。试验期21 d。结果表明:1)在基础饲粮中添加钙显著提高了试鸡42日龄体重和平均日增重(P<0.05),显著降低了料重比(P<0.05),0.75%、0.90%、1.05%和1.20%钙水平组平均日采食量显著低于对照组和0.60%钙水平组(P<0.05)。2)不同饲粮钙水平对试鸡胫骨鲜重无显著影响(P>0.05),而对胫骨折断力、脱脂胫骨干重、胫骨灰分含量、脱脂胫骨灰分含量、脱脂胫骨中钙和磷含量、胫骨灰分中钙和磷含量影响显著(P<0.05),0.90%和1.05%钙水平组胫骨性能指标均显著优于对照组(P<0.05)。3)不同饲粮钙水平对试鸡血清钙、磷含量无显著影响(P>0.05)。综合得出,以生长性能和胫骨性能为评定指标,22～42日龄黄羽肉鸡钙需要量分别为0.60%和0.90%。  相似文献   

7.
1. Seven-day old male broilers (n=900) were fed on wheat-sorghum-soyabean meal-based diets containing 3 concentrations of phytic acid (10.4, 13.2 and 15.7 g/kg; equivalent to 2.9, 3.7 and 4.4 g/kg phytate phosphorus), 2 of non-phytate phosphorus (2.3 and 4.5 g/kg) and 3 of microbial phytase (Natuphos 5000 L; 0, 400 and 800 FTU/kg) in a 19-d trial. The dietary phytic acid contents were manipulated by the inclusion of rice pollard. 2. Each dietary treatment was fed to 5 pens (10 birds/pen) from 7 to 25 d of age. Records of body weight, food intake and mortality were maintained. On d 25, all surviving birds were killed and toe samples were obtained for toe ash measurements. 3. Increasing dietary phytic acid negatively influenced body weight gain, food intake and food/gain. These adverse effects were partially overcome by the addition of microbial phytase. 4. Supplemental phytase caused improvements in weight gain and food efficiency of broilers but the magnitude of the responses was greater in low non-phytate phosphorus diets, resulting in significant non-phytate phosphorus x phytase interactions. 5. Toe ash contents were improved by phytase addition but the response was greater at the highest concentration of phytic acid, resulting in a significant phytic acid x phytase interaction. Responses were also greater in low non-phytate phosphorus diets as indicated by significant non-phytate phosphorus x phytase interaction. 6. In general, there was very little difference in the responses to phytase additions at 400 and 800 FTU/kg. 7. The performance responses to added phytase in birds receiving adequate non-phytate phosphorus diets provide evidence for the influence of the enzyme on animal performance independent of its effect on phosphorus availability.  相似文献   

8.
Two trials were conducted to determine the non-phytate phosphorus (nPP) requirement for broiler under heat stress. In both trials, birds were distributed in a completely randomized 4 × 2 factorial design with four nPP concentrations: 0.25, 0.35, 0.45, and 0.55%, and two Ca supply techniques: Ca fixed at 0.899% (CaF) or varying along with nPP aiming a 2:1 Ca to nPP ratio (CaV). Both trials had eight pens/treatment, with nine and five birds/pen for exp. 1 and exp. 2, respectively. nPP concentration had no effect on feed intake (FI), body weight gain (BWG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), nor fat deposition ratio (FDR). nPP levels showed a linear effect on protein deposition ratio (PDR) only for CaF diets. The nPP levels had a significant effect, regardless the technique adopted, on tibia phosphorus (TibP), which varied quadratically, on tibia calcium (TibCa) that increased quadratically and linearly, respectively, on CaF and CaV diets, and on tibia ash (TibAsh) that showed a quadratic effect for both. No effect was observed on Ca to P ratio in the tibia (TibCa:TibP). The nPP levels showed a linear increase effect over phosphorus intake (PI), phosphorus excreted (PE), and phosphorus retained (PR), and a linear decrease effect on phosphorus retention coefficient (PRC). Therefore, the nPP requirement for broilers from 8 to 21 days of age that provided better performance and bone variables were 0.250 and 0.484%, respectively, for CaF diets and 0.250 and 0.511%, respectively, for CaV diets.  相似文献   

9.
1. The influence of a microbial phytase on the performance, toe ash contents and nutrient utilisation of male broilers fed diets based on maize and wheat was investigated. The experiment was conducted as 2 x 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Within the factorial, two diet types (maize-soy or wheat-soy) containing two levels of non-phytate phosphorus (3.0 or 4.5 g/kg) were evaluated and each level of non-phytate phosphorus was supplemented with 0 or 500 PU phytase/kg diet. Each of the 8 dietary treatments were fed to 6 pens of 8 birds from d 1 to 21 post-hatching. 2. Main effects of diet type and phytase were observed for all parameters. Main effect of non-phytate phosphorus was significant only for feed/gain and toe ash contents. Phytase addition improved weight gains irrespective of diet type or non-phytate phosphorus level, but the magnitude of improvement in the phosphorus-deficient wheat-soy diet was greater, resulting in a diet type x non-phytate phosphorus interaction. Responses in toe ash contents were noted only in phosphorus-deficient diets, as indicated by a non-phytate phosphorus x phytase interaction. 3. Phytase addition improved apparent metabolisable energy values of wheat-based diets, but had little effect on the apparent metabolisable energy of maize-based diets as shown by a diet type x phytase interaction. The apparent metabolisable energy was not influenced by dietary non-phytate P. 4. Phytase improved ileal nitrogen digestibility in both diet types, but the responses to added phytase tended to be higher in wheat-based diets, as shown by a diet type x phytase interaction. 5. Increasing the dietary non-phytate phosphorus level reduced phosphorus digestibility and increased excreta phosphorus content. Addition of phytase improved phosphorus digestibility, but the increments were higher in low phosphorus diets resulting in a non-phytate phosphorus x phytase interaction. Phytase addition tended to lower the excreta phosphorus content, but the effects were greater in birds fed low phosphorus diets, as shown by a non-phytate phosphorus x phytase interaction.  相似文献   

10.
Growth response, nutrient and mineral retention, bone mineral content and walking ability of broiler chicken fed dietary inclusion of various unconventional calcium sources were studied using 160-day-old broilers. Four isonitrogenous, isocaloric diets balanced for Ca and P were formulated such that oyster shell, snail shell, wood ash and limestone were used as main non-phytate (Ca from other sources apart from plant) calcium sources. Each dietary treatment consisted of 40 birds replicated four times with 10 birds per replicate. A single diet was fed to the broilers throughout the duration of the study which lasted for 8 weeks. Broilers fed diet containing oyster shell as calcium sources recorded the highest (p < 0.05) feed intake of 5863.30 g, while those fed diet containing limestone consumed the least intake (p < 0.05) of 5432.56 g. Occurrence of lameness and evidences of gaits were highest (p < 0.05) for broilers fed diet containing wood ash. Lowest (p < 0.05) Ca and ash retention were recorded for broiler fed diet containing wood ash as Ca sources. Similar tibia ash values were recorded for broilers fed oyster shell, snail shell and limestone. Wood ash inclusion resulted in a low Ca availability hence its inclusion in feeds for broilers should be discouraged.  相似文献   

11.
A study was conducted to evaluate four different cholecalciferol levels (NRC; modified), using diets supplemented with 200 (control), 1500, 2500 or 3500 IU/kg of cholecalciferol (VIT‐D3). Each treatment was assigned to 3 pens of 17 broiler chicks of a commercial strain grown in an open‐sided house with sidewall curtains. At 21and 42 days, BW and feed conversion (FCR) were determined. At 42 days, five birds per pen were slaughtered to evaluate tibia and toe ash of the right leg, and incidence and severity of tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) of the left tibia and also measured dressing percentage and breast meat yield. Serum calcium and phosphorus concentrations were also determined. Haemagglutination inhibition antibody titre against Newcastle disease virus and lymphoid organs weight/body weight ratio were also determined. At both 21 and 42 days, the BW of birds fed 1500 IU/kg to 3500 IU/kg of VIT‐D3 was significantly greater than birds fed 200 IU/kg. Similarly, better FCR was observed in birds those fed diets of high level of VIT‐D3. No significant difference was observed for mortality at any age. Better dressing percentage and breast meat yield were noted in birds fed diets containing 2500 or 3500 IU/kg VIT‐D3. Both tibia and toe ash contents were increased (p < 0.05) progressively with increased concentrations of cholecalciferol in feed. The incidence of TD (percentage of birds having TD scores greater than zero) was significantly (p < 0.05) influenced by level of 3500 IU VIT‐D3/kg at 42 days. The severity of TD in birds fed diets containing 200 IU/kg VIT‐D3 was apparently higher than birds fed diets with higher levels of VIT‐D3. Concentrations of calcium and phosphorus minerals in the serum increased progressively with the high level of VIT‐D3 supplementation to birds at both 21 and 42 days of age. Feeding levels of 1500 or 3500 IU of vitamin D3 did positively affect the immune system within the parameters measured. It may be concluded that performance, bone mineralization, blood chemistry and immunity against disease in broilers could be maintained when supplementing high level of VIT‐D3 incorporated in broiler diets.  相似文献   

12.
试验通过研究维生素A过量对肉鸡早期骨形成生化指标及组织中碱性磷酸酶（ALP）和骨钙素（BGP）基因表达的影响,旨在为深入研究日粮维生素A过量对肉鸡骨骼钙磷代谢产生负面影响的机理提供理论基础。采用完全随机试验设计,将450只1日龄健康爱拔益加（AA）肉鸡（公母各半）称重后随机等分为5个处理组,每个处理6个重复,每个重复15只鸡。各处理组日粮分别在基础日粮中添加3 000、6 000、15 000、30 000和60 000 IU/kg维生素A。试验期28 d,分别于试验第14、28天从每个重复中随机抽取1只鸡,翅静脉采血制备血清后随即宰杀,在冰浴上迅速分离右侧肝脏、十二指肠、空肠、回肠、胫骨组织,-80℃保存备用。试验结果表明,随日粮维生素A添加剂量的升高,肉鸡血清BGP浓度、ALP活性和骨特异性碱性磷酸酶（BAP）活性及胫骨、肝脏及小肠组织中ALP、BGP mRNA相对表达量均呈显著（P<0.05）或趋于显著的一次线性或一元二次（P<0.10）降低,通过回归分析得出：维生素A水平在42 766~47 185 IU/kg时,肉鸡14 d胫骨和肝脏ALP mRNA相对表达量、肝脏BGP mRNA相对表达量,28 d的血清ALP活性及肝脏ALP mRNA相对表达量、胫骨和回肠的BGP mRNA相对表达量最低。综合试验结果,维生素A线性降低了肉鸡早期血清BAP活性;日粮维生素A以剂量依赖模式影响肉鸡早期血清BGP浓度、ALP活性及其在组织中的基因表达,42 766~47 185 IU/kg维生素A对上述指标的降低作用较大,提示日粮维生素A过量可抑制肉鸡早期骨形成相关生化指标的活性,并下调胫骨、肝脏及小肠组织中ALP、BGP mRNA的相对表达量。  相似文献   

13.
1. Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of dietary nucleotide supplementation on broiler performance, and physical and morphological development of the gastrointestinal tract.

2. Experiment 1: A total of 180 one-d-old male chicks were placed in battery brooders in 3?×?6 replicate pens containing 10 chicks each. Chicks were randomly assigned to one of the three dietary treatments; a maize-soyabean meal based diet supplemented with 0, 0·25, and 0·50% Torula yeast RNA (as a source of nucleotides) from 0 to 16?d of age.

3. Experiment 2: A total of 1344 one-d-old male chicks were placed in floor pens and reared on recycled wood shavings (two flocks) under a high stocking density (0·068?m2/bird). Chicks were randomly assigned to one of the 4 dietary treatments (0, 0·25% Torula yeast RNA, 2% and 6% Nupro®) for the starter period (0 to 14?d of age) with 6 replicate pens containing 56 chicks each. All the birds were fed on the same common grower diet with no supplementation of nucleotides from 15 to 32?d of age.

4. Experiment 1: Supplementing the diets with up to 0·50% Torula yeast RNA did not affect broiler performance, or relative intestinal tract weight and length of broilers at any periods measured.

5. Experiment 2: From 0 to 14?d of age, broilers fed on the diets supplemented with 0·25% Torula yeast RNA and 2 and 6% Nupro® were significantly heavier and had improved feed conversion (feed:gain) ratios as compared with the birds fed on the control diet. Supplementing the starter diet only with 2% Nupro® supplementation significantly improved body weight (BW) gain as compared with the control diet over the entire experiment (0 to 32?d of age). Broilers fed on the diets supplemented with 2 and 6% Nupro® from 0 to 14?d of age had better feed conversion (feed:gain) ratios over the entire experiment (0 to 32?d of age) as compared with the birds fed on the control diet, even though the birds were only fed on the diets supplemented with Nupro® from 0 to 14?d of age. The broilers fed on the diets supplemented with 0·25% Torula yeast RNA and 2% Nupro® had higher villus height and an improved villus height-to-crypt depth ratio as compared with birds fed on the control or 6% Nupro® diet at 14?d of age.

6. It is generally assumed that nucleotides are not an essential nutrient; thus there is no need to supplement the diets of broilers reared under normal conditions. However, dietary nucleotide supplementation may be important to maintain maximum growth performance when birds are exposed to stress conditions, such as high stocking density combined with dirty litter.  相似文献   

14.
肉仔鸡对25-羟基维生素D_3的需要量   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
本试验旨在研究1~21日龄和1~42日龄罗斯308肉仔鸡对饲粮25-羟基维生素D_3(25-OH-D_3)的适宜需要量。选取500只1日龄罗斯308肉仔鸡公雏,随机分成10个组,每组5个重复,每个重复10只鸡。10组肉仔鸡分别饲喂25-OH-D_3水平为50、100、200、400、600、800、1 600、2 400、3 200和4 000 IU/kg的饲粮。试验期42 d。结果表明:1)饲粮25-OH-D_3水平由50 IU/kg提高到600 IU/kg时,1~21日龄和1~42日龄肉仔鸡的体重、平均日增重和平均日采食量显著提高(P0.05),料重比和死亡率显著降低(P0.05);进一步提高饲粮25-OH-D_3水平到4 000 IU/kg对生长性能指标无显著影响(P0.05)。2)饲粮25-OH-D_3水平由50 IU/kg提高到600 IU/kg时,21日龄和42日龄肉仔鸡的骨骼(股骨、胫骨和跖骨)强度、重量、长度、灰分重量以及灰分、钙和磷含量显著提高(P0.05);进一步提高饲粮25-OH-D_3水平到4 000 IU/kg对骨骼参数无显著影响(P0.05)。3)饲粮25-OH-D_3水平由50 IU/kg提高到600 IU/kg时,21日龄和42日龄肉仔鸡的血浆钙含量显著提高(P0.05);进一步提高饲粮25-OH-D_3水平到4 000 IU/kg对血浆钙含量无显著影响(P0.05)。饲粮25-OH-D_3水平对肉仔鸡的血浆无机磷含量无显著影响(P0.05)。4)饲粮25-OH-D_3水平由50 IU/kg提高到800 IU/kg时,11~14日龄和31~34日龄肉仔鸡的钙和总磷沉积率显著提高(P0.05);进一步提高饲粮25-OH-D_3水平到4 000 IU/kg对钙和总磷沉积率无显著影响(P0.05)。综合本试验结果,以生长性能指标和骨骼参数为评价指标,采用折线回归模型分析得出,1~21日龄肉仔鸡饲粮25-OH-D_3的需要量为476 IU/kg,1~42日龄肉仔鸡饲粮25-OH-D_3的需要量为448 IU/kg。  相似文献   

15.
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of different dietary levels of sodium in diets with and without sodium chloride on mineral metabolism, including blood electrolyte levels and tibia mineralization parameters, in young turkeys (to six weeks of age). The influence of diets with a low (L), medium (M) and high (H) sodium content, at 0.34, 1.34 and 2.82 g/kg respectively, was compared. The content of chloride and potassium in turkey diets (1.7 - 5.9 and 11 g/kg, respectively) was above the recommended levels. The sodium-deficient diet L decreased the serum concentrations of sodium, chloride and phosphorus, and it increased the serum levels of calcium and magnesium in turkeys, compared with groups M and H. Relative to group L, different dietary sodium levels in groups M and H contributed to a similar increase in the body weights of birds (1.06 vs. 1.46 and 1.44 kg, p < 0.001) and in the absolute (4.60 vs. 6.83 and 6.62 g, p < 0.001) and relative tibia weight (0.42 vs. 0.46 and 0.46% body weight, p = 0.031). No significant differences were found between groups with respect to the content of ash, calcium and phosphorus in tibia dry matter. Supplemental sodium increased the bone density index (from 50.6 to 68.4 and 66.3 mg/mm in groups L, M and H, respectively, p < 0.001), the maximum bending moment (from 5.27 to 7.40 and 7.33 N/mm, p = 0.002) and the minimum breaking strength of tibia (from 0.136 to 0.191 and 0.189, p = 0.002). In conclusion, our study indicates that the applied dietary treatment with a moderate sodium level (1.34 g/kg) resulted in a rate of bird growth and tibia mineralization similar to those observed with the treatment with much higher Na content (2.82 g/kg).  相似文献   

16.
1. Two experiments were carried out to investigate responses in performance and bone compositional and structural characteristics in broilers fed diets containing 4 concentrations of vitamin D3 (5, 20, 125 and 250 microg cholecalciferol/kg) at different concentrations of calcium, available phosphorus and vitamin A. 2. In experiment 1, body weight and tibia breaking strength were maximised at 14d with 250 microg vitamin D3/kg, tibia ash was maximised with 125 microg vitamin D3/kg. A high incidence of tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) was decreased to very low levels with 125 microg vitamin D/kg. 3. At 42d, performance and bone characteristics showed no response to vitamin D3 concentrations above 20 microg/kg. 4. Dietary vitamin A within the range 2-4 to 4.5 mg retinol/kg did not show any interaction with vitamin D3 status at either age. 5. In experiment 2, responses to vitamin D3 were strongly influenced by dietary calcium/available phosphorus. With 13 g calcium and 5 g available phosphorus/kg, performance and bone characteristics responded to vitamin D3 concentrations up to 125 microg/kg but more was needed at less optimal concentrations of calcium and available phosphorus. TD incidence was minimised with 250 microg/kg. 6. This study shows that high dietary concentrations of vitamin D3 can prevent TD. It is concluded that the vitamin D3 requirement of broilers up to 14 d of age at optimal dietary calcium and available phosphorus concentrations may be in the range 35 to 50 microg/kg for cortical bone quality and up to 250 microg/kg for prevention of TD. The vitamin D3 requirement for cortical bone quality after 14 d is not higher than 20 microg/kg. These requirements are much higher than earlier estimates and may be related to higher calcium requirements of modern broiler genotypes. Current regulations limiting maximum vitamin D3 concentrations in broiler starter diets may need to be reviewed.  相似文献   

17.
A 24-week performance trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of an experimental phytase on performance, egg quality, tibia ash content and phosphorus excretion in laying hens fed on either a maize- or a barley-based diet. At the end of the trial, an ileal absorption assay was conducted in order to determine the influence of phytase supplementation on the apparent absorption of calcium and total phosphorus (P). Each experimental diet was formulated either as a positive control containing 3.2 g/kg non-phytate phosphorus (NPP), with the addition of dicalcium phosphate (DCP), or as a low P one, without DCP addition. Both low P diets (containing 1.3 or 1.1 g/kg NPP) were supplemented with microbial phytase at 0, 150, 300 and 450 U/kg. The birds were housed in cages, allocating two hens per cage as the experimental unit. Each of 10 dietary treatments was assigned to 16 replicates. Low dietary NPP (below 1.3 g/kg) was not able to support optimum performance of hens during the laying cycle (from 22 to 46 weeks of age), either in maize or barley diets. Rate of lay, daily egg mass output, feed consumption, tibia ash percentage and weight gain were reduced in hens fed low NPP diets. The adverse effects of a low P diet were more severe in hens on a maize diet than in those on a barley diet. Low dietary NPP reduced egg production, weight gain, feed consumption and tibia ash content and microbial phytase supplementation improved these parameters. Hens given low NPP diets supplemented with phytase performed as well as the hens on positive control diets containing 3.2 g/kg of NPP. A 49% reduction of excreta P content was achieved by feeding hens on low NPP diets supplemented with phytase, without compromising performance. Phytase addition to low NPP diets increased total phosphorus absorption at the ileal level, from 0.25 to 0.51 in the maize diet and from 0.34 to 0.58 in the barley diet. Phosphorus absorption increased linearly with increasing levels of dietary phytase. Mean phosphorus absorption was higher in barley diets than in maize diets (0.49 vs 0.39).  相似文献   

18.
本试验旨在研究磷酸一二钙(MDCP)和磷酸氢钙(DCP)对福美双诱导的肉鸡胫骨软骨发育不良(TD)及骨骼钙、磷代谢的影响。选取1日龄科宝(Cobb)肉雏鸡120只,试验1～21 d采用2因子设计,按磷源的不同分为2个处理(磷源DCP和MDCP),每个处理60只鸡;试验22～42 d采用2×2因子设计,将每种磷源按福美双的添加水平不同再分为2个处理(福美双水平为0和100 mg/kg),每个处理3个重复,每个重复10只鸡。福美双组在基础饲粮中添加100mg/kg福美双,于22～28 d饲喂,然后换喂对应不含福美双饲粮。结果表明:1)MDCP组肉鸡第35天TD评分相对DCP组有降低的趋势(P=0.09),但磷源对肉鸡第28和42天TD评分影响差异不显著(P>0.05)。福美双显著升高了肉鸡第28、35和42天TD评分(P<0.05)。2)福美双和磷源对肉鸡第35天胫骨灰分、钙和磷含量交互效应显著(P<0.05)。福美双诱导条件下,MDCP组肉鸡第35天胫骨灰分、钙、磷含量显著高于DCP组(P<0.05)。3)DCP组第35天血清甲状旁腺素含量高于MDCP组(P=0.12)。由此可见,相对DCP,MDCP对福美双诱导的TD发生有一定减缓作用,且与肉鸡骨骼钙、磷代谢密切相关。2种磷源对肉鸡最终TD评分影响差异不显著。  相似文献   

19.
An experiment was conducted with Arbor Acres broiler chickens that were fed 3 experimental diets—a control diet containing an adequate level of available phosphorus (AP) and 2 diets that were deficient in AP but supplemented with phytase at a level of either 500 or 750 phytase units/kg—to assess the effects of a novel microbial phytase supplement in broilers fed AP-deficient diets on growth performance and mineral utilization. Similar average daily gain, feed intake, and feed efficiency (P > 0.05) were obtained among broilers fed different diets. Compared with broilers fed the control diet, broilers fed diets with phytase had greater (P < 0.05) retention of Ca, P, and Zn. Moreover, the levels of Cu, Zn, Mg, and Mn in the tibia bone at 28 d of age, and Zn and Mn at 42 d of age in birds fed diets with phytase exceeded (P < 0.05) those of birds fed the control diet. Supplementation of phytase increased Zn and Mg contents in the plasma at 42 d of age. Birds responded similarly to phytase supplemented at a level of 500 or 750 phytase units/kg in terms of growth performance, mineral retention, and mineral content in the serum and bone. Therefore, with the supplementation of this novel phytase, it is possible to reduce the dietary levels of P and other minerals to below the recommended levels of the Feeding Standard of Chicken in P. R. China (ZB B 43005-86).  相似文献   

20.
1. The study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary protein on the walking ability and bone parameters of broilers reared under summer temperatures which ranged from 26 to 32C(+/-2C). 2. Three different dietary protein combinations were used. The diets (per kg) were: low protein with 205 g crude protein and 12.94 MJ ME, 184 g crude protein and 12.75 MJ ME; medium protein with 219 g crude protein and 12.99 MJ ME, 201 g crude protein and 12.87 MJ ME; and high protein with 238 g crude protein and 12.99 MJ ME, 216 g crude protein and 12.96 MJ ME from 0 to 4 and 4 to 7 weeks of age, respectively. Body weights of birds were recorded and birds' walking ability (gait scoring) were scored for each bird, according to 3 categories (completely normal to immobile, at 4 and 7 weeks). Tibia parameters and tibia plateau angles were also determined at 7 weeks. 3. Birds fed on the low protein were lighter than those fed on the medium or high protein diets. At 7 weeks, birds with poor walking ability weighed 149 g less than birds with no walking difficulty. 4. Bone parameters were not affected by dietary protein, sex or gait score. There was a significantly positive correlation between bone strength and radiographic density. Bone strength was also significantly correlated with bone weight and length.  相似文献   

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