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1.
4个石榴品种果实品质的差异性分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为给石榴品种的品质评价和果实贮藏加工利用提供理论参考,以新疆维吾尔自治区叶城县的石榴主栽品种‘叶城1号’和‘叶城2号’以及河南省郑州市的石榴主栽品种‘突尼斯’与‘中农红’作为研究对象,测定和比较了4个石榴品种的果实表型特征指标、果实经济性状指标、果实内在品质指标及果实中8种营养元素的含量。结果表明:4个石榴品种在果实品质上存在不同水平的差异性,其中,‘突尼斯’的果形指数接近1,其果皮较薄,果皮质量也最低,果实可食率反而最高(66.54%±6.12%),比‘中农红’和‘叶城1号’‘叶城2号’分别高约10%、25%、20%,其果汁中的可溶性固形物和维生素C、钾和钙含量均较高;‘中农红’果实籽粒的含水量最多,其糖酸比也较高,果汁中锰、锌、铁和铜等微量元素的含量均较高;‘叶城1号’果实的纵横径均最高,果形指数却最低,其单果质量最高,为(435.33±75.97)g,但因其果皮厚度大和质量重,故其果实的可食率反而最低,为(41.582%±6.785%),其可溶性固形物和可溶性糖含量及磷和镁含量均最高;‘叶城2号’虽其单果籽粒颗数最多,因其籽粒较小,故其单果籽粒质量最低,其籽粒含水量也最低,而其可滴定酸含量较高,为(0.577%±0.110%)。4个石榴品种中,‘突尼斯’和‘中农红’均不耐贮运,均较适用于加工果汁或就地就近处理;‘叶城1号’和‘叶城2号’均较耐贮运,均较适于远地贮藏和运输。 相似文献
2.
以内蒙古自治区林木品种审定委员会审定和认定的红枣良种蒙枣1号、蒙枣2号、蒙枣3号脆熟期果实为供试材料,对氨基酸、营养成分、矿质元素等含量进行测试分析。蒙枣1号果实总氨基酸(TAA)、人体必需氨基酸(EAA)、果实总酸(以柠檬酸计)、粗纤维、维生素C、粗脂肪、Fe和Zn含量最高,分别为0.979 g·100 g^-1、0.178 g·100 g^-1、0.61 g·100 g^-1、1.54 g·100 g^-1、0.39 g·100 g^-1、0.70 g·100 g^-1、7.82 mg·kg^-1和7.30 mg·kg^-1。蒙枣2号果实可溶性总糖、糖酸比和Ca含量最高,分别为19.76 g·100 g^-1、56.46和294.65 mg·kg^-1。蒙枣3号果实还原糖、可溶性固形物含量最高,分别为11.98 g·100 g^-1和34.50 g·100 g^-1。Pb、Cd、Hg、As的含量极少或未检测出。通过测试分析,为蒙枣1号~3号品质评价和进一步深加工提供科学依据。 相似文献
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本试验通过采集19个油茶优良无性系的叶片,测定其过氧化物酶（POD）活性、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性、细胞色素氧化酶（COX）活性及蛋白质含量,比较不同品种油茶的酶活性、蛋白质含量,并进行主成分分析和聚类分析。结果表明：（1）17号品种油茶叶片POD活性最高,达2.3493U·g-1FW,15号最低,仅有0.0215U·g-1FW,品种间POD活性差异极显著;2号品种油茶叶片SOD活性最高,达341.0256U·g-1FW,7号品种最低,仅有159.8928U·g-1FW,品种间POD活性差异显著;18号品种COX活性最高,达0.5406μmol cytc·min-1·g-1FW,11号最低,仅有0.0121μmol cytc·min-1·g-1FW,各品种间无明显差异;16号品种蛋白质含量最高,有39.9854mg·g-1,4号品种最低,仅有5.4296mg·g-1,各品种间差异极显著;（2）在各品种油茶叶片中,POD、SOD、蛋白质这三项指标均不是影响各品种间差异的明显主成分;（3）对各品种叶片的POD活性、SOD活性、蛋白质三项指标进行ward最小平均法聚类分析,可区分为五类,同类群中大部分品种均来自同一种源地。 相似文献
4.
为探究避雨栽培下灌水量对柑橘品质的影响,以‘兴津早生’ 蜜柑为试材,设置非避雨栽培灌
水量30 L/(棵·次)(处理1)、避雨栽培灌水量30 L/( 棵·次)(处理2)、非避雨栽培灌水量35 L/
(棵·次)(处理3)和避雨栽培灌水量35 L/(棵·次)(处理4)4 种处理进行对比试验。结果表明,
处理2 因素下果实品质最好,果实的果肉重、可溶性固形物、维生素C、还原糖和总酸含量分别为:
45. 27 g、12.07%、550.66 mg/kg、50.67 mg/g 和1. 47 g/kg。在该地区灌水量为30 L/(棵·次) 比灌
水量为35 L/(棵·次)的果实可溶性固形物含量提高了7. 33%、维生素C含量提高了20.47%;柑橘
在避雨栽培生长环境比非避雨栽培显著提高了可溶性固形物、维生素C、还原糖含量。避雨栽培下
灌水量为30 L/(棵·次)时提升柑橘品质的效果最好。 相似文献
5.
为给杨梅的品种选育提供依据,以潮州市主栽7个杨梅品种为试材,测定了各杨梅品种果实的主要性状及营养品质。结果表明:不同杨梅品种间所含营养成分存在差异,不同区域栽培的同一品种果实的营养品质也有所不同。鸭背村生产的东魁杨梅单果质量为17.918 g,果实最大,远高于潮阳乌、酥核、玫瑰红、饶平红、葫芦蒂、潮阳红等6个杨梅品种,也比银潭村生产的东魁杨梅(单果质量仅15.366 g)大;7个杨梅品种果实含有丰富的可溶性固形物、蛋白质、有机酸、维生素C以及Fe、Mg和Zn等矿质元素,东魁杨梅在7个被测品种中无论从单果质量还是品质方面均具有较大的优势,值得推广。 相似文献
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以山东9个主栽石榴品种为试材,分析其果皮、隔膜、种子、果汁中的Vc含量及果实中可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、可滴定酸等品质指标,结果表明：石榴果皮和隔膜中Vc含量较高,果汁中含量较低,种子中最少;青皮岗榴果皮中Vc含量最高,种子中最低;三白石榴果皮和隔膜中Vc含量最低;青皮软籽种子和果汁中Vc含量最高;泰山红单果重和皮厚度最高,三白最低,青皮马牙甜百粒重最大;青皮岗榴可溶性固形物含量最高,青皮马牙甜最低。大青皮甜果实中可溶性糖含量和糖酸比均最高,是供试品种中果实品质最佳的优良品种;大青皮酸果实中可滴定酸含量最高,适合加工。 相似文献
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为了掌握不同产地‘澳洲青苹’的果实形态及品质特征,从而为‘澳洲青苹’生态区划研究奠定基础,分别从11个产地采集了‘澳洲青苹’果实样品,并就其横径、纵径、果形指数、单果质量、硬度、可滴定酸、可溶性固形物、糖酸比、维生素C含量和出汁率等形态与品质指标进行了测定与差异性分析。结果表明:不同产地‘澳洲青苹’的果实形态和品质特征间均存在一定的差异,其中,果实横径、纵径和果形指数间的差异均相对较小,各产地‘澳洲青苹’的果形指数普遍在0.8~0.9之间,其果实接近于圆形或近圆形;而其单果质量和果肉硬度间的差异均较大,其中,单果质量以辽宁绥中产地的为最大(221.0 g);果肉硬度和果实中可溶性固形物的含量,均以甘肃清水县产地的为最高,分别为10.8 kg·cm-2和12.95%;可滴定酸含量,宁夏银川产地的最高(0.9%),山东栖霞市产地的最低(0.63%);VC含量,甘肃清水县产地的最高(达157.1 mg·g-1),陕西眉县产地的最低(115.1 mg·g-1);各产地的‘澳洲青苹’其出汁率间的差异相对较小,其出汁率在68.9%~76.8%之间。 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
13.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
14.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
15.
本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献
16.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):131-138
The effects of soil scarification (mounding), slash removal and clear-cut age on the natural regeneration in clear-cuts was evaluated using data from four sites in southern Sweden. The treatments were carried out during a good seed and establishment year for birch ( Betula pubescens Ehrh. and B. pendula Roth). Scarification had the strongest positive effect on the density of naturally regenerated seedlings, especially in birch, but also in pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) and spruce [ Picea abies (L.) Karst]. Slash removal had a positive effect on birch density. No statistically significant effect of clear-cut age was found. In addition, no statistically significant interactions between clear-cut age and scarification or slash removal were found. The ingrowth of field vegetation was the fastest in areas that were not scarified, less rapid in areas scarified on old clear-cuts, and the slowest after scarification in fresh clear-cuts. In conclusion, it may be possible to control the density of birch during a good establishment year for birch. If birch is desired, the best combination of treatments is to remove the slash and scarify; otherwise, these treatments should be avoided. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):472-479
Based on an enquiry, risk perception among non-industrial private forest owners is described in relation to climate change and forestry hazards. Of the respondents, 11% took action to remedy the effects of climate change. Out of a given set, hazards were ranked according to each respondent's experience of recent substantial financial loss to the estate and in relation to his or her willingness to make investments aimed at risk reduction. For each hazard, the respondent assessed the risk in four classes ranging from very high to negligible risk. Six hazards were considered most problematic in all three aspects: browsing damage, falling timber prices, damage by wind, spruce bark beetle, root rot and pine weevil. A majority of the respondents claimed to take action to reduce the risk associated with at least one hazard, while 35% did not know whether they did. Excluding climate change, the need for decision support was the largest in relation to damage by wind owing to a combination of perceived high risk and a high level of ignorance in relation to whether risk-reducing measures were taken. 相似文献
19.
Srisuda Thippayarugs Banyong Toomsan Patma Vityakon Viriya Limpinuntana Aran Patanothai Georg Cadisch 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(2):137-148
In situ produced plant residues contain a mixture of different plant components of varying quality. To assess synergistic
or antagonistic interactions occurring during the decomposition and mineralization of such mixtures, individual plant parts
(stems, leaves, leaf litter and roots) or the mixture of stems, leaves and leaf litter of the agroforestry species pigeonpea
(Cajanus cajan) or of crop residues of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) or of the weed hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta) were incubated in pots for 19 weeks. Periodically, remaining plant residues were sieved out (>2 mm), weighed and N content
as well as soil mineral N determined. Above- and below-ground residues of peanut decomposed fastest and showed the largest
N release in agreement with their high N concentration and low-acid detergent fibre (ADF) : N ratio. Hairy indigo was hypothesized
to be of lower quality than pigeonpea because of its high-polyphenol content. However, it decomposed faster than pigeonpea,
largely because of the higher N and lower lignin concentration of its components. Ranking of individual plant components for
N mineralization resulted in the following pattern, leaves > leaf litter > roots > stems. In mixtures of the different plant
components a similar species order in decomposition was obtained, e.g. peanut > hairy indigo > pigeonpea. The amount of N
released from the mixture was dominated by stem material that comprised 46–61% of the mixture. The interactions in mixtures
were relatively small for peanut (generally high-quality components) as well as for pigeonpea (low proportion of high-quality
components, i.e. N rich leaf material). However, a positive interaction occurred during later stages of N mineralization in
the mixture of hairy indigo as it had a significant proportion of N rich components and absence of highly reactive polyphenols.
Thus, for plants with low to intermediate chemical quality attributes, manipulating plant composition (e.g. by varying harvest
age, affecting stem and leaf proportions) will be important to obtain significant interactions during decomposition when its
components are mixed. 相似文献
20.
A. Rigueiro-Rodríguez M. R. Mosquera-Losada E. Gatica-Trabanini 《Agroforestry Systems》2000,48(3):245-256
The use of organic waste materials such as milk sewage as an organic fertilizer could have the dual advantages of organic-waste
disposal and reduced dependence on inorganic fertilizers. The effects of fertilization with (1) conventional mineral fertilization,
(2) milk sewage sludge at 40 kg N ha−1 target rate and (3) no fertilization on pasture production and tree growth were examined in an experiment consisting of two
pasture mixtures under a one-year-old Pinus radiata plantation with a density of 2500 trees ha−1. The two pasture mixtures were: (1) Dactylis glomerata L. var. saborto (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1); (2) Lolium perenne L. var. Tove (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1). The experiment began in the spring of 1995 using a randomized block design with three replicates in Castro Riberas de Lea
(Lugo, Galicia, north-western Spain). Plot size was 12 × 8 m2, with a 1 m buffer strip between plots. Two-year data showed that fertilization with either material had a positive effect
on pasture production, with no significant difference between the two fertilization treatments. Tree growth in the milk sewage
sludge plot was significantly higher than in the control plots. Inorganic fertilization increased pasture production, but
affected tree growth negatively. The results show that milk sewage sludge could be used as a fertilizer in silvo-pastoral
systems.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献