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扁桃（Amygdalus Gommumis L．）属蔷薇科李亚科桃属扁桃亚属植物．又名巴旦杏．维吾尔语称巴旦姆。为世界著名的千果树种。起源子中亚细亚．约有6000年的栽培历史。大面积栽培始手19世纪后期。目前．美国的栽培面积及产量居世界之首。 相似文献
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美国的扁桃业 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为了学习借鉴美国干果种植、贮运及加工等方面的经验,笔者随云南省干果赴美考察团,于1998年1月12～31日在美国进行了实地考察。现将美国的扁桃业介绍如下。 1 栽培概况 扁桃属蔷薇科植物,原产亚洲西部800～1600米山区,18世纪引入美洲大陆,美国是目前世界上扁桃最主要的生产国,几乎占全世界总产量的一半。美国扁桃99％以上产于加利福尼亚州,其中5年生以上的扁桃占60％以上,年产量27万～31.5万吨,每公顷平均产量2250公斤。每公斤收购价2.8美元左右(丰产价低些,歉年价高些)。种植扁桃的利润约25％左右。扁桃种植后一般第3～4年开始结果,每公 相似文献
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砧木对葡萄生长与抗病性的影响 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
柑桔、苹果、梨和葡萄是世界上四大水果。目前全世界葡萄栽培面积已超过1000万hm^2，年产量约6800万t，占世界水果总产量的1／4。在我国，葡萄发展方兴未艾，栽培面积不断扩大，产量不断提高。而其中的栽培种主要为欧美杂种即巨峰系葡萄，巨峰系葡萄具有抗病性强，产量高等特点，但由于其价格一直不高，相对而言，经济效益并不十分理想。自20世纪80年代引人美国红地球葡萄后，其优良的品质迅速获得了消费者的认可， 相似文献
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国内外苹果生产加工和贸易状况 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
1世界苹果产业现状1.1生产状况目前,世界苹果挂果面积542.8万hm2,总产量约6000万t,分别占世界水果总面积和总产量的11.2%和12.1%。苹果面积位列椰子、葡萄、柑橘、坚果之后,居世界第5位;产量位列柑橘、葡萄、西瓜之后,居世界第4位。世界苹果主产区主要集中在亚洲、欧洲、北美洲,占世界苹果总产的90%。世界上共有84个国家和地区生产苹果,产量超过100万t的国家有11个,依次为中国、美国、土耳其、法国、伊朗、意大利、波兰、俄罗斯、德国、印度和阿根廷,总产量4300万t,占世界总产量的71.6%。1.2加工情况世界苹果加工以果汁、果酒、果酱和罐头为… 相似文献
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我国葡萄产业取得的成就回顾 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
1 我国葡萄种植业取得的成就 1.1 我国葡萄种植业地位与发展历程 2006年世界葡萄栽培面积达到740万hm2,总产量为6895万t,是世界第二大栽培水果.2006年我国葡萄栽培总面积为41.87万hm2,总产量达到627.1万t,产量和面积分居世界第4位和第5位.在我国果树产业中,葡萄栽培面积占果树种植总面积的4.2%,居第五位;产量占果品总产量的6.5%,列第6位.我国葡萄平均单产为14.97t/hm2,高于世界葡萄平均单产9.13t/hm2,在我国大宗果树中单产也高于苹果、梨及柑桔. 相似文献
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In the present work the effects of the harvest time on variation of the quality parameters of several almond cultivars were evaluated. Studied cultivars came originally from three different countries: Italy (Supernova, Falsa Barese, Genco and Tuono); France (Ferragnes, Lauranne and Stelliette); Spain (Glorieta and Mas Bovera). The samples were collected in a field of the South of Italy during two harvest periods: at the beginning and at the end of August. Particularly, the highest free acidity content (increasing about the 24%) was observed during the ripening of Falsa Barese variety. Also the lipid content was increased and the Genco variety was that of the highest amount in both samplings. The fatty acids amount from the Mas Bovera cv almond kernels, particularly at the late harvest time, showed the best results (oleic/linoleic acids of 7.36 and high MUFAs/PUFAs value). The cluster analysis shows that this cultivar differs from the others in the oil composition. If on the first sampling some differences were observed, in the late harvest time all varieties combined in the same cluster with the exception of Mas Bovera and Ferragnes, provided of different acidic distributions. The analysis of minerals and trace element, K, Mg and Ca proved the major minerals present in all almond seeds. 相似文献
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The success of various in vitro micrografting techniques, establishment of the rootstock, size of the microscion, and the effects of culture medium on the grafted seedling development for almond cultivars “Ferragnes” and “Ferraduel” were studied. In vitro germinated wild almond seedlings developed from seeds were used as rootstocks. Shoot culture initiation was successfully achieved from the above almond cultivars by culturing mature shoot tips from forced nodal buds, about 3–5 mm, on 0.7 mg/L BA and 0.01 mg/L NAA containing a MS medium. The regenerated adventitious shoots from in vitro cultures were maintained and proliferated by sub-culturing on a fresh medium every three to 4 weeks. Regenerated shoot tips, which were micrografted onto in vitro seedlings, resulted in the restoration of shoot proliferation. The results indicated that the most successful method for the grafting of tested almond cultivars was slit micrografting. High levels of micrograft take were achieved with all ranges of scions (4–15 mm) obtained from the regenerated shoot tips. Slow growth and lack of axillary shoot development on the micrografts were noticeable when the micrografts were cultured on hormone-free germination medium. In vitro micrografted plantlets were successfully acclimatized and no problems were encountered with the establishment of micrografted plants in vivo. The developed technique has demonstrated a high potential for application in the micropropagation of almond cvs. “Ferragnes” and “Ferraduel” and thereby, represents a feasible method for the renewal of almond orchards in Turkey and elsewhere in the world. 相似文献
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扁桃与桃光合作用特征的比较研究 总被引：39，自引：0，他引：39
在田间条件下对扁桃和桃的光合生理生态特点进行了比较研究。结果表明: (1) 扁桃和桃的叶片的净光合速率(Pn) 日变化均呈双峰曲线型, 峰值在11 时, 次峰值在15 时, 11～14 时有“午休”现象; 在10～15 时扁桃叶片的Pn 显著高于桃, 14 时差值最大。(2) 扁桃和桃的光合生理生态参数有显著差异: 光合作用的最适温度分别为27 ℃、23 ℃, 适宜温度范围分别为20～35 ℃、15～30 ℃; 光合作用的光补偿点和饱和点分别为54mol·m-2·s-1和1 714μmol··m-2·s-1、23μmol··m-2·s-1和1 479μmol·m-2·s-1; CO2补偿点和饱和点分别为68μL·L-1和838μL·L-1、55μL·L-1和717μL·L-1; 光合作用适宜空气湿度分别为≤0. 89 kPa、≤1. 31 kPa (相当于20 ℃下相对湿度38 %和56 %) 。(3) 叶绿素荧光参数的日变化显示: 扁桃叶片的Fv’/ Fm’、qP 和ΦPS Ⅱ均大于桃; 而扁桃叶片的qN 小于桃。说明在当地条件下, 扁桃叶片PS Ⅱ光化学效率、PS Ⅱ电子传递量子效率以及通过光化学猝灭转换光能的作用均显著高于桃; 而以非光化学猝灭方式耗散光能的作用小于桃。 相似文献
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扁桃SFB基因的克隆及其生物信息学分析 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
以新疆扁桃栽培品种麻壳的花药为材料,利用RT-PCR和RACE技术,克隆到了一个全长为1131bp的SFB基因(Genbank登录号为:EU909685),命名为AcSFB10。该基因编码376个氨基酸,在N末端含有一个大约50个氨基酸组成的F-box基序。经生物信息学分析,推测AcSFB10蛋白的分子式为C2000H3033N517O558S23,相对分子质量为43985.5,等电点为6.02,二级结构以α螺旋为主;理论推导半衰期大约为30h,不稳定参数为53.21,属于不稳定蛋白;并且推测此蛋白为亲水性、非分泌型蛋白,在基质内起裂合酶的作用,特异性的识别底物,正好吻合了F-box蛋白的作用。 相似文献
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引进扁桃的品质特性观察 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
从美国引进的3个扁桃品种,用山桃作砧木,在陕西渭北地区生长旺盛,苗木栽植第3年开始开花结果,5年生平均株产1.78～2.03kg。扁桃3月中下旬开花,果实前期发育较快,至5月中旬果径生长量占总量的80%～90%,后期增长缓慢。Nonpareil品种7月25日～8月5日成熟,Mission品种9月11日～9月15日成熟。成熟种仁饱满,外观品质较好。种仁含粗脂肪49.62%～52.49%,含粗蛋白20.9%～29.0%,含VB11.8～1.91mg/kg,VB24.08～4.62mg/kg。氨基酸及钙、镁等元素含量也较丰富,与我国新疆扁桃主产区产品营养含量相近似。 相似文献
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Asghar Estaji Ali Ebadi Akbar Ghorbani Roghaie Allabakhsh 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2016,91(1):36-42
Almond [Prunus amygdalus Batsch syn. Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A.Webb] trees are either self- or cross-incompatible, which results in lower fruit set and yields. Flower bagging, fluorescence microscopy, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were used to discriminate between self-compatible genotypes obtained from crosses of the self-incompatible female parents (‘121’ and ‘4’) with the self-compatible male parent (‘Tuono’). This study was performed on 80 almond genotypes. The results of this study showed that, in the first cross (‘121’ × ‘Tuono’), genotypes 5, 11, 13, 14, 17, 20, 27, 29, 31, 35, and 38 were identified as being self-compatible and, in the second cross (‘4’ × ‘Tuono’), genotypes 1, 2, 10, 11, 12, 15, 21, 23, 25, 32, 37, 38, and 40 were found to be self-compatible. There were some promising genotypes based on self-compatibility and nut and kernel characteristics; for example, genotype 40 had the highest mean fruit and kernel weights at 2.9 and 1.3 g, respectively. PCR can be used to identify self-compatible genotypes at the juvenile stage. Flower bagging under favourable climatic conditions not only discriminated between self-compatible almond genotypes, but can also be used to measure fruit set percentages. Flower bagging and fluorescence microscopy can be used to determine the level of self-incompatibility. Fluorescence microscopy identified self-incompatible genotypes, even under unfavourable conditions. In general, a combination of all three methods is recommended to increase the accuracy of detecting self-compatible genotypes of almond. 相似文献
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The proximate properties, the fatty acid and mineral contents of different almond kernel varieties were determined. The crude protein contents of kernels ranged between 12.7% (guara) and 16.3% (cristomorto). The oil yields from these kernels were established between 48.8% (cristomorto) and 55.7% (ferragnes). The acidity value of oils were found between 1.389 and 3.559%. In addition, peroxide values were established between 7.586 (nonpareil) and 15.590 mequiv./kg (cristomorto). The major fatty acids of almond kernel oils were oleic (72.5–79.9%), linoleic (13.5–19.8%) and palmitic acids (5.9–6.7%). The predominant mineral in most kernel was potassium (13.1–15.1 mg/100 g). The mineral contents of the kernels were established as 7.94–9.38 mg/100 g potassium, 2.9–4.0 mg/100 g magnesium and 1.84–2.94 mg/100 g calcium. From the results of the present study, it can be concluded that the kernels of almond varieties are being potential sources of valuable oil which might be used for edible and other industrial applications. 相似文献
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扁桃种质资源的AFLP分析 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：10
利用AFLP分子标记技术对国内外49份扁桃材料的亲缘关系进行了鉴定,使用3对选择性引物组合,每对引物扩增出136条带,并对其进行聚类分析。结果表明,不同种以及不同品种间的遗传距离不同。在相似系数小于0.68时,大多数栽培品种聚为一类,并可将野生扁桃组、苦巴旦组、榆叶梅,以及桃、中国樱桃、欧洲甜樱桃分开。栽培品种中,同一种源区的大多数栽培品种能聚类在一起。我国的扁桃资源与国外的扁桃资源遗传差异较大。 相似文献
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扁桃SLF基因和S-RNase基因的克隆及表达分析 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
以扁桃‘Pioneer’品种为材料, 利用RT-PCR及RACE技术, 克隆了1个新的SLF ( S LocusF-box ) 基因(PdSLF1) 和两个新的S-RNase基因( PdSm 和PdSn) 的cDNA。PdSLF1全长1 331 bp, 编码376个氨基酸; PdSm 全长826 bp, 编码228个氨基酸; PdSn基因全长878 bp, 编码227个氨基酸。与公共数据库中的序列进行相似性比较, 发现这3个基因所编码的氨基酸序列与其它蔷薇科植物相应基因的氨基酸序列均具有较高的一致性, PdSLF1为70.2% ～84.8% , S-RNase为59% ～83.9%。PdSLF1基因在花药中专一性表达, 而PdSm 和PdSn基因在雌蕊中专一性表达。 相似文献