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猪发酵床废弃垫料不同配比基质对辣椒生长及品质的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以第一代猪发酵床废弃垫料基质(WD)为主要原料,通过添加蛭石和醋糟中的一种或两种进行基质配比,测定了不同复配基质的理化性质(容重、总孔隙度、水气比、pH、EC、全氮、碱解氮、有机质等),研究了不同基质对辣椒的植株生长、光合作用、产量及果实品质的影响。结果表明:T8处理(WD︰醋糟︰蛭石=9︰2︰6)的物理性质均在理想基质范围内;T7(WD︰醋糟︰蛭石=9︰4︰4)、T8、和T9(WD︰蛭石=9︰5)处理的全氮、碱解氮、速效钾含量较低,全磷、速效磷含量较高,pH较高,EC值较低;T7、T8和T9处理的辣椒植株株高、茎粗显著高于其他的处理;T8处理的辣椒叶片光合作用最强,叶绿素含量最高,且显著高于CK;T8处理的辣椒植株产量最高,其次为T4(WD︰醋糟=5︰2)处理,T4、T8处理分别较CK产量提高7.74%、11.14%;T7和T8处理辣椒的可溶性固形物含量相对较低,但其Vc、可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖含量相对较高。综合考虑,生产上推荐使用T8处理作为辣椒生长的有机栽培基质。 相似文献
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绣球菌渣复合基质对黄瓜幼苗素质及产量的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为减少绣球菌渣废弃物带来的潜在农业面源污染的风险,探讨其资源化利用的可行性,本试验将绣球菌渣与草炭、珍珠岩进行复配,研究不同绣球菌渣复合基质理化性质的差异,黄瓜幼苗生长、生理生化特性及成苗栽培后产量差异,探讨不同基质配方对黄瓜幼苗素质的影响。结果表明,绣球菌渣复合基质的理化性质均在适合黄瓜生长的范围内;配方(绣球菌渣∶草炭∶珍珠岩=1∶1∶1)与对照(CK,草炭∶珍珠岩=2∶1)相比,出苗后20 d,幼苗根冠比、可溶性糖、叶绿素含量分别提高9.84%、25.89%、56.67%,且根系活力是CK的1.79倍;单株果数和产量分别提高17.82%和10.80%,绣球菌渣最佳使用比例为33%。本研究结果为绣球菌渣资源化利用提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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基质是黄瓜生长的基础,对其产量品质影响巨大,为得到戈壁温室有机生态型无土栽培中高品质黄瓜生产的最适基质配比,以当前生产中常用基质配比为对照,研究了5种不同配方的基质对黄瓜叶片叶绿素荧光参数及产量品质影响,并比较了不同处理下黄瓜生长生理及产量品质指标。结果表明,采用配方为腐熟牛粪、粉碎玉米秸秆、菌渣、草炭、蛭石体积比为3∶2∶2∶2∶1的基质栽培时,黄瓜叶片最大量子产额(Fv/Fm)与生长潜在活性(Fv/Fo)的值最大,分别为0.76、3.18;黄瓜株高196.15 cm、茎粗0.92 cm、叶片数38.31片、单株结瓜数17.65个、单株产量3.58 kg、折合产量155 508.90 kg/hm2,均高于其他处理。采用该基质配比时黄瓜果实的Vc含量与可溶性糖含量均最高,分别为167.28、19.83 mg/g FW;硝酸盐含量最低,为78.94 μg/g FW。可见,使用腐熟牛粪、粉碎玉米秸秆、菌渣、草炭、蛭石体积比为3 ∶ 2 ∶ 2 ∶ 2 ∶ 1的基质配方时黄瓜综合表现最佳,产量及品质最优。 相似文献
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应用D-最优混料设计方法,以黄瓜植株的农艺性状、果实品质和产量为评价指标,探索了草菇菇渣、草炭和珍珠岩不同配比复合基质对黄瓜栽培的影响,建立了各配比基质与黄瓜植株响应值之间的回归模型,考察了配方中各基质的相互作用对黄瓜植株各响应值的影响。试验结果表明：菇渣营养丰富,但电导率和酸碱度偏高;草炭呈酸性,持水性、透气性强,可降低p H;珍珠岩吸水能力强,透气性好。草炭、珍珠岩复配的基质EC、p H较低,而含草菇菇渣的复配基质EC和pH随菇渣添加量的增加而升高,最终优化得到的最优基质配比为草菇菇渣32.02%、草炭60.00%、珍珠岩7.98%,该配方的理化性质良好,适宜黄瓜生长;经验证该配方生长的植株株高、茎粗、维生素C含量、可溶性糖含量、单株产量和硝酸盐含量分别为350.00 cm、11.74 mm、101.01 mg/kg、1.31%、2 123.33 g和351.04 mg/kg,与草炭相比,株高、茎粗、维生素C含量、可溶性糖含量和单株产量分别提高20.69%、1.73%、12.79%、14.79%和41.56%,硝酸盐含量降低14.66%,且生产成本可节省约33%。可见,通过混料设计... 相似文献
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为探明蚯蚓粪对日光温室基质袋培甜瓜生长及营养吸收的影响,本试验以薄皮甜瓜（Cucumis melo var. makuwa Makino）玉美人为试材,采用日光温室基质袋栽培方式,将蚯蚓（Pheretima）粪按不同比例与草炭和蛭石复配成8种栽培基质,通过对甜瓜生长指标、光合指标、植株营养含量、果实产量及品质的分析,筛选出甜瓜基质袋栽培适宜的蚯蚓粪有机肥配施比例。结果表明,在草炭蛭石复配基质中配施蚯蚓粪均可促进甜瓜的生长及营养吸收,以T5处理（蚯蚓粪∶草炭∶蛭石=4∶1∶5）促进效果最显著。T5处理植株株高、茎粗、根系活力、生物量和光合参数均优于其他处理。甜瓜生长期内,T5处理植株氮、磷、钾含量均较T1处理（蚯蚓粪∶草炭∶蛭石=0∶1∶1）显著提高,其中根中氮、磷和钾含量分别在定植后42、56和28 d差异最大,分别较T1处理显著增加63.9%、77.9%和74.4%;茎中氮、磷和钾含量分别在定植后56、28和14 d差异最大,分别较T1处理显著增加65.5%、81.8%和44.4%;叶中氮和钾含量在定植后42 d差异最大,分别较T1处理显著增加67.3%和29.9%,磷含量在定植后5... 相似文献
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沼渣混配基质理化性状及其对黄瓜幼苗生长的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为实现沼渣资源化应用,减少不可再生资源草炭的使用,将沼渣、醋糟等基质混配用于黄瓜育苗,以筛选出适合黄瓜育苗的沼渣混配基质。以津春1号黄瓜品种为试材,以兴农育苗基质为对照,将沼渣、醋糟、蛭石和珍珠岩以一定比例混配成六组基质配方比,测定各组混配基质的理化性状,分析各混配基质处理对黄瓜育苗的影响。各组混配基质EC值、p H值、持水孔隙和通气孔隙等各项指标都在设施栽培基质的理想范围内;处理混配基质A2(沼渣∶醋糟∶蛭石∶珍珠岩为4∶3∶2∶1)为最佳育苗基质配比,不仅理化性状良好,而且其黄瓜两叶一心期株高、茎粗、叶面积、根体积、根系活力、叶绿素含量和净光合速率等均较高,可作为一种优质植物基质在黄瓜育苗中应用。 相似文献
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为探究椰糠替代草炭用作人参穴盘育苗基质的可行性,将椰糠、草炭、蛭石按体积进行不同比例复配,研究不同配比基质对人参种苗生长及生理指标的影响。结果表明:随椰糠在基质中占比的减少,基质通气孔隙度上升,持水孔隙度下降,有效磷、速效钾含量显著高于CK(草炭 ∶ 蛭石=5∶3),其中T3处理(椰糠 ∶ 蛭石=2∶1)在茎粗、根长、鲜重、干重、根冠比、壮苗指数、叶绿素含量、过氧化物酶(POD)活性、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量与CK相比无显著差异,尤以T4处理(椰糠 ∶ 蛭石=1∶1)最优,叶面积、地下干重和鲜重、根冠比、壮苗指数、可溶性蛋白、SOD活性、POD活性、MDA含量显著优于CK(P<0.05),隶属函数综合分析得分(0.936)高于CK(0.775)。综上所述,T4处理为最适的椰糠配比基质,能够替代以草炭为主的人参育苗基质配方。 相似文献
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发酵玉米芯或甘蔗渣基质的黄瓜育苗效果 总被引：13，自引：4，他引：13
该文以完全发酵后的玉米芯/甘蔗渣为原料,添加不同体积的草炭、蛭石进行混合配比后的复合基质作为黄瓜育苗基质,黄瓜品种中农26为试验材料,以商品育苗基质作为对照。探讨使用玉米芯、甘蔗渣复合基质时对黄瓜育苗的影响,旨在分别选出适合黄瓜幼苗生长的较优处理。试验结果表明:处理T4(玉米芯:蛭石:草炭体积比=1:1:1)和处理T6(甘蔗渣:蛭石体积比=1:1)复合基质基本符合黄瓜育苗基质的要求,并且处理T6的株高(22.17 cm)、处理T4和处理T6的茎粗(分别为4.03和3.97 mm)显著高于对照,与此同时处理T4和处理T6的地上鲜质量(分别为5.01和4.63 g),地上干质量(分别0.94和1.19 g)等生长指标与对照无显著差异,同时处理T6其综合评价系数为0.712高于对照及其他处理,而处理T4综合评价系数优于含有玉米芯的其他处理并且与对照差异不明显,所以处理T6和处理T4可以作为黄瓜育苗基质使用。 相似文献
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【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。 相似文献
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Kyle Devey Michael Mucalo Gordon Rajendram Joseph Lane 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2015,46(4):72-80
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing. 相似文献
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《中国生态农业学报》2014,(8)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
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Aleš Lebeda Ivana Doležalová Eva Křístková Barbora Mieslerová 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2001,48(2):153-164
Staff members of the Department of Botany of Palacký University in Olomouc and Gene Bank Department – Workplace Olomouc, Research Institute of Crop Production in Prague, Czech Republic, conducted an expedition in seven European countries (Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland) in August/September 1999 to collect wild Lactuca spp. germplasm and study its geographic distribution, ecology and biodiversity. During the mission, more than 600 locations were visited resulting in the collection of 602 seed samples (accessions) of wild Lactuca species and 13 seed samples of related genera (Chondrilla and Mycelis). Lactuca serriola f. serriola, L. serriola f. integrifolia, L. saligna and L. viminea subsp. chondrilliflora were prevalent in southern Europe (Italy, France), however, only L. serriola was common in central and western Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland). The greatest diversity of Lactuca species was found in France, where also the most seed samples (165) were collected. The most characteristic habitats with a high density of Lactuca spp. populations were observed along roads and highways, grassy ditches, ruderal communities, and dust-heaps. Natural infections by powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) and downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) on some wild Lactuca spp. were observed. Recent observations concerning the geographic distribution, population structure, habitats, and natural occurrence of diseases of Lactuca spp. are discussed. This assemblage of genetic resources of Lactuca spp. can serve as the basis of future studies of species diversification, spatial population structure, plant microevolution, domestication processes, and genetic variability of host-parasite interactions. 相似文献
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M.A. Callaham Jr. J.M. BlairT.C. Todd D.J. KitchenM.R. Whiles 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2003,35(8):1079-1093
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils. 相似文献
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Thomas Larsen Jesper Luxhøi Jakob Magid Lars Stoumann Jensen Paul Henning Krogh 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2007,44(1):59-68
We have studied the effect of anaerobically digested (ADMSW) and composted municipal solid waste (CMSW) on mineralization
and foodweb dynamics to verify the hypothesis that ADMSW would immobilize N right after addition to soil in contrast to addition
with CMSW. Another hypothesis was that the mesofauna (enchytraeids and microarthropods) would stimulate N release from the
decomposer community. We measured excretion of -N and urea-N from the mesofauna and hypothesized that enchytraeids would release urea. ADMSW and CMSW were amended to pots
with sandy loam and barley. The pots were divided into treatments with or without mesofauna. Mesofauna, plant N and biomass,
soil N and ergosterol (fungal biomass) were measured over a 113-day period of four equidistant samplings. Soil respiration,
N mineralization and N release by the mesofauna were modelled from concurrent studies. ADMSW- and CMSW-treated soils initially
(<20 days) immobilized N. The amendments did not increase plant growth substantially, and this was probably due to N-limitation
in the early stages of plant growth. Enchytraeid abundance was about three times higher in ADMSW- than CMSW-treated soils,
indicating that ADMSW contained more labile compounds, bacteria, and microfauna. The mesofauna did not affect N-content, but
the cumulated -N excreted by the mesofauna was estimated to be substantial and about one-fifth of total plant N in ADMSW. An explanation
for this discrepancy might be that in the absence of the mesofauna, other members of the detrivore and microbivore community
performed the mesofauna’s function. Neither enchytraeids nor microarthropods excreted urea. 相似文献
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《中国生态农业学报》2014,(7)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
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《中国生态农业学报》2014,(6)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
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Grete Skrede Berit Karoline Martinsen Anne-Berit Wold Stein-Erik Birkeland Kjersti Aaby 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(3):193-208
Abstract A 3-year study was carried out to investigate quality parameters in 14 tree fruit and berry species grown in southern Norway. The species were blueberry, apple, aronia, sour cherry, sweet cherry, red raspberry, strawberry, blackcurrant, gooseberry, red currant and elderberry, harvested along with wild bilberry, cloudberry and lingonberry. Significant differences between species were identified for all quality parameters. The coefficient of variation between species was lowest for pH (12.5%), dry matter (18.9%) and soluble solids (25.3%), followed by titratable acids (59.3%), total phenolics (83.8%), antioxidant capacity FRAP (85.7%) and antiradical power by the DPPH-assay (97.8%), total monomeric anthocyanins (132%) and ascorbic acid (137%). Average coefficient of variation within species were lower and ranged from 4 (pH) to 62% (ascorbic acid). Only the FRAP values were significantly affected by harvesting year with lower levels in 2004 than in 2005 and 2006. There were significant interactions between species and harvesting year for dry matter, soluble solids, pH, ascorbic acid and FRAP. The results indicate generic ranges in composition within species independent upon growing location and climate, and the composition of the tree fruits and berries is not likely to deviate from these ranges. It is concluded that desirable composition of tree fruits and berries and their products should primarily be achieved by selection among species rather than searching fors broadened variation within individual species. 相似文献
20.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(7):865-877
Potassium (K) fixation and release in soil are important factors in the long-term sustainability of a cropping system. Changes in K concentration and characteristics of K fixation and release in rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils in the rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)–rice (Oryza sativa L.) rotation were investigated using a rhizobox system. The concentrations of different forms of K in both rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils decreased with plants compared to without plants, regardless of K fertilizer application. Potassium uptake by crops mainly came from the rhizosphere soil. In the treatment without K fertilizer (–K), the main form of K supplied by the soil to the crops was 1.0 mol L?1 nitric acid (HNO3) nonextractable K, followed by nonexchangeable K, and then exchangeable K. In the treatment with K fertilizer (+K), the main K forms supplied by the soil to the crops were exchangeable K and nonexchangeable K. The amount and rate of K fixation after one cycle of the rapeseed–rice rotation was greater in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The amount and rate of K fixation of soil in the +K treatment were significantly less than in the –K treatment. The cumulative amounts of K released with 1.0 mol L?1 ammonium acetate (NH4OAc) and 1.0 mol L?1 HNO3 extraction increased with the increasing numbers of extractions, but the K-releasing power of soil by successive extraction decreased gradually and finally became almost constant. The release of K was less in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The release of K in the +K treatment was similar to that in the –K treatment in rhizosphere soil, but the K release in nonrhizosphere soil was greater with the +K than the –K treatment. Overall, the information obtained in this study will be helpful in formulating more precise K fertilizer recommendations for certain soils. 相似文献