共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 359 毫秒
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诺氟沙星在水产动物体内的药物动力学及残留研究 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
概述诺氟沙星在水产动物体内的药物动力学及残留研究现状,阐明诺氟沙星的药代学参数、残留规律、其影响因素以及我国氟喹诺酮类药物的应用前景。 相似文献
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动物性食品中喹诺酮类药物残留检测技术研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
喹诺酮类药物是一类广谱高效的抗菌药物,目前广泛应用于畜禽、水产养殖中.喹诺酮类药物在动物性产品中的残留可直接对人体健康造成危害,低浓度的残留药物还可能诱导对喹诺酮类药物敏感的致病菌产生耐药性,间接危害人类健康.目前,用于动物源食品中喹诺酮类药物残留检测的方法,有微生物法、高效液相色谱法、液相色谱-质谱法、免疫分析法等.本文将国内外有关喹诺酮类药物残留的检测技术及研究进展做一简单综述. 相似文献
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《中国渔业质量与标准》2015,(3)
近年来,因违规用药导致药物残留、进而引发的水产品质量安全问题引起人们的普遍关注。喹诺酮类药物因其抗菌谱广、抗菌力强、易吸收和半衰期长等特点广泛被应用于水产养殖病害防治。本文综述了喹诺酮类药物的理化性质、化学构效和不同最大残留量下的休药期等方面的研究进展,重点阐述了其药代动力学各过程中主要参数的意义及影响因素,其中涉及的参数包括达峰时间、峰浓度、表观分布容积、消除半衰期和清除率等,并提出了加强水产品中喹诺酮类药物残留的检测方法研究、建立水产动物生理药动学模型等建议,以期为喹诺酮类药物在水产养殖业上的科学使用和监管提供参考。 相似文献
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绿色药物防治水产养殖病害 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
近年来,随着我国集约化水产养殖的逐渐普及,养殖水体污染状况日趋严重,因此导致水产养殖生物的病害迅速增加,阻碍了水产养殖业的高速发展,如何预防及治疗水产养殖生物疾病成为广大水产科技工作者及养殖业者亟待解决的问题。 从使用漂白粉、生石灰、硫酸铜、敌百虫及磺胺类药物到开发应用二氯异氰尿酸钠、三氯异氰尿酸、抗菌用的喹诺酮类药物（如环丙沙星、恩诺沙星）等等,都对水产养殖业的发展起到了重要作用,降低了水产养殖生物的发病率,提高了养殖成活率,取得了一定的经济效益及社会效益。但是随着这些药物的大量使用,特别是人… 相似文献
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1 水产动物药物残留的成因 1.1 药物防治理念和方法是导致水产动物药物残留的根本原因 药物防治的理念和方法长期在水产动物病害控制中根深蒂固,即使在当前相当多的药物被列为严禁使用的"违禁药物"之后,人们的注意力仍然停留在寻找新的"替代药物"的阶段,并热衷于寻找新的药物(如中草药)来替代现有的药物,而未能把控制水产动物药物残留的重点放在控制其源头病原菌上.一种药物被禁用,就找另一种未被"禁用"的药物取代,这是导致水产品药物残留事件层出不穷、新的违禁药物不断增加的根本因素.可以预见,如果目前水产病害药物防治的理念和方法得不到根本改变,在孔雀石绿、硝基呋喃和氯霉素等药物被查禁以后,像喹诺酮类药物(各种"沙星"类药物)等新型广谱抗菌药将会是接踵而来的被查禁药物. 相似文献
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水产常用抗菌药物对锯缘青蟹酚氧化酶的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究了喹诺酮类等17种常见抗菌药物对青蟹酚氧化酶的影响。试验结果表明,药物质量浓度为500μg/ml时,所有抗菌药物对青蟹酚氧化酶(PO)均有明显抑制作用;药物质量浓度为5~10μg/ml时(常规使用剂量),庆大霉素、卡那霉素和丁胺卡那霉素等5种药物的PO抑制率为10%~25%;诺氟沙星、环丙沙星和氧氟沙星等6种药物的PO抑制率为5%~10%,抑制作用较弱;恩诺沙星和红霉素等4种药物的PO抑制率均小于5%,对青蟹PO无明显影响;低剂量阿维菌素和氟苯尼考对青蟹有免疫促进作用。 相似文献
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液相色谱-离子阱质谱联用技术定性检测渔药中喹诺酮类抗菌素 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
建立了高效液相色谱-质谱联用技术定性检测渔药中喹诺酮类抗菌素的方法.利用喹诺酮类化合物的质荷比(m/z)和其荧光光谱特性对渔药中恩诺沙星、环丙沙星、诺氟沙星、氧氟沙星四种喹诺酮类化合物进行定性分析,结果表明该方法快速可行,方法检出限分别为1.29 ng、1.23 ng、1.08 ng、1.00 ng,可用于渔药中喹诺酮类抗菌素的监控. 相似文献
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建立了固相萃取-液相色谱串联质谱法(SPE-LC-MS/MS)同时检测养殖海水中17种喹诺酮类药物残留的分析方法。海水经酸化处理后,采用HLB固相萃取柱富集、净化目标化合物,通过对比水样在不同上样pH、淋洗液与洗脱液等条件下的回收率,以此对前处理方法进行优化。收集到的洗脱液经氮气吹干后用流动相定容至1 ml,待测。色谱流动相A相为0.1%甲酸水溶液,B相为乙腈,所有药物经梯度洗脱进行分离,在LC-MS/MS正离子模式的多反应监测模式下进行定性定量分析。17种化合物可以在10 min中内得到较好的分离,线性范围为1–200 ng/ml,线性相关系数均大于0.999,检出限均在2–10 ng/L范围内,定量限均在5–20 ng/L范围内。以空白海水为基质,在20、100、200 ng/L三个不同添加水平下采用内标法定量的加标回收率均在71.3%–125.0%范围内,相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.44%–12.27% (n=5)。采用该方法对黄海灵山湾近岸4个养殖场进行海水采集并检测,共检测出4种喹诺酮类药物,分别是恩诺沙星、氧氟沙星、诺氟沙星和环丙沙星,其中,恩诺沙星浓度最高。研究表明,该方法快速、可靠,适用于养殖海水中喹诺酮类药物的检测。 相似文献
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Bidhan C. De D. K. Meena B. K. Behera Pronob Das P. K. Das Mohapatra A. P. Sharma 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2014,40(3):921-971
Aquaculture is emerging as one of the most viable and promising enterprises for keeping pace with the surging need for animal protein, providing nutritional and food security to humans, particularly those residing in regions where livestock is relatively scarce. With every step toward intensification of aquaculture practices, there is an increase in the stress level in the animal as well as the environment. Hence, disease outbreak is being increasingly recognized as one of the most important constraints to aquaculture production in many countries, including India. Conventionally, the disease control in aquaculture has relied on the use of chemical compounds and antibiotics. The development of non-antibiotic and environmentally friendly agents is one of the key factors for health management in aquaculture. Consequently, with the emerging need for environmentally friendly aquaculture, the use of alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters in fish nutrition is now widely accepted. In recent years, probiotics have taken center stage and are being used as an unconventional approach that has numerous beneficial effects in fish and shellfish culture: improved activity of gastrointestinal microbiota and enhanced immune status, disease resistance, survival, feed utilization and growth performance. As natural products, probiotics have much potential to increase the efficiency and sustainability of aquaculture production. Therefore, comprehensive research to fully characterize the intestinal microbiota of prominent fish species, mechanisms of action of probiotics and their effects on the intestinal ecosystem, immunity, fish health and performance is reasonable. This review highlights the classifications and applications of probiotics in aquaculture. The review also summarizes the advancement and research highlights of the probiotic status and mode of action, which are of great significance from an ecofriendly, sustainable, intensive aquaculture point of view. 相似文献
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在水产养殖中,抗生素是用来治疗细菌性疾病最有用的药物。但近些年的研究发现,过度使用抗生素,反而诱导产生了一系列带有抗性基因的致病菌,严重制约了水产养殖业的发展。本文以近15年来国内外相关研究的文献为依据,概括介绍了抗生素抗性基因(ARGs)的产生及其传播途径、ARGs污染的危害性、国内外ARGs污染研究现状及加强ARGs污染研究的必要性等4个方面的研究进展,围绕抗性基因的检测、ARGs的传播、扩散及作用机制和控制、消除ARGs的方法等方面进行了后续研究重点的展望,以期为我国水产养殖行业的可持续发展提供依据。 相似文献
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Medicinal plant derivatives as immunostimulants: an alternative to chemotherapeutics and antibiotics in aquaculture 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Aquaculture makes a significant contribution in the production of protein-rich food for human consumption. Aquaculture practices encounter many challenges, and one of the most devastating problems is disease outbreaks caused by microbial pathogens. To control disease outbreaks, several chemotherapeutics and antibiotics were used indiscriminately, which in turn leads to residual problems in the surrounding environment affecting higher animals and also humans. Immunostimulants are considered as an alternative for antibiotics, which will boost the immune system of the cultured organism, thus effectively countering the assault of pathogens. The use of plant materials as immunostimulant will be an ecofriendly approach for the control of pathogens. The botanicals present in the plants have a key role in enhancing the fish immunity. This review focuses on the importance of plant material as immunostimulant in the control of diseases in aquaculture. 相似文献
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Cathy A. Roheim Pratheesh Omana Sudhakaran Catherine A. Durham 《Aquaculture Economics & Management (Blackwell Science)》2013,17(3):266-286
This study uses a conjoint experiment to evaluate seafood consumers’ preferences for wild versus farmed seafood in Rhode Island, while providing an option for farmed products to be certified for best aquaculture practices, focusing upon salmon and shrimp. The definition for best aquaculture practices provided to respondents in the survey is broadly based upon standards currently in use by aquaculture certification groups, highlighting sustainability of fish feed, and control of antibiotic use, water quality and stocking density. Using data from an in-person intercept survey, a conditional logit model shows that a sample of 250 seafood consumers in Rhode Island choose wild products over farmed even when farmed products are certified, and by an entity preferred by the consumer. Results warrant both further study of consumer preferences for certified aquaculture products across a broader population, and study of the effect of different explanations of ‘best aquaculture practices’ upon preferences. 相似文献
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Aoi Sugimoto Maria Lourdes San Diego-McGlone Francisco Paciencia Shielameh P. Milan Elizabeth T. Tomas Carolina C. Ramírez 《Journal Of Applied Aquaculture》2013,25(4):298-313
ABSTRACTThis study examined if, and how, comanagement is effective in controlling aquaculture industry in the municipalities of Anda and Bolinao in the province of Pangasinan, in the Philippines, the locations of two major production areas of milkfish (Chanos chanos) in the country. Institutional and community analyses conducted in these study sites revealed a unique hierarchy of resource users, as well as unique social and economic problems in aquaculture, distinct from those of capture fishery. It was also indicated that comanagement is seen as a solution for essential practices to be enforced practically and sustainably for the management of this industry. To improve aquaculture governance, it is desired that the comanagement scheme shall include not only the governments and fishers but also business operators who often have large capital and a high degree of power. 相似文献
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Over the years, aquaculture has shown increasing development in terms of production. However, due to intensive farming practices, infectious diseases represent the main problem in fish farms, causing heavy economic losses. The use of antibiotics for controlling diseases is widely criticized for its negative impact, including selection of antibiotic‐resistant bacterial strains, immunosuppression, environmental pollution and accumulation of chemical residues in fish tissues. On the other hand, though vaccination is the most effective prophylactic method of preventing disease outbreaks, the development of effective formulations is often hindered by high production costs and the antigenic heterogeneity of the microbial strains. Recently, there has been increased interest in the possibility of using medicinal herbs as immunostimulants, capable of enhancing immune responses and disease resistance of cultured fish. Plant‐derived products seem to represent a promising source of bioactive molecules, being at the same time readily available, inexpensive and biocompatible. The aim of this article is to provide an overview of recent research dealing with the use of medicinal plants in aquaculture. Special attention is given to the information about the effects of plant extracts/products on fish growth, haematological profiles, immune responses and resistance to infectious diseases. 相似文献