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1.
M Witz O M Lepage C Lambert D Couillerot D Fau M Rachail E Troncy 《Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine》2001,32(4):494-499
A 30-yr-old untamed European female brown bear (Ursus arctos arctos) with a craniodorsal luxation of the right femoral head and bilateral degenerative joint disease of the coxofemoral joint had a femoral head and neck excision following unsatisfactory conservative medical therapy. The bear was injected with zolazepam-tiletamine, and anesthesia was induced with i.v. thiopental and maintained with isoflurane in oxygen via endotracheal tube. A lumbosacral epidural injection of medetomidine-bupivacaine provided additional analgesia. Slight initial cardiorespiratory depression was counteracted with fluid and inotropic drug administration and ventilatory assistance. The bear's gluteal muscle anatomy differs from that of the dog. Recovery was uneventful. The bear was confined indoors for 6 wk and was able to ambulate normally within 6 mo. 相似文献
2.
Black WD Claxton MJ 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1982,23(9):276-278
Neomycin sulfate was injected intramuscularly in calves. Blood and tissue samples were taken at zero, one, two, four, six, eight and 24 hours after administration. The tissues with high levels (greater than 10 μg/g) of drug at the one hour period were kidney cortex and medulla, urine, blood serum and the injection site. By 24 hours after administration only the kidney cortex and urine had high levels of neomycin. The drug could not be detected in any brain tissues and very small amounts (less than 1 μg/g) were present in the bile, thymus and vitreous humor. Levels greater than 5 μg/g were present in lung tissues for less than four hours but were greater than 2 μg/g for more than 24 hours.
The mean level in the injection site was greater than 700 μg/g at one hour but only trace amounts were found at 24 hours.
On the basis of the tissue drug concentration intramuscularly administered neomycin was suggested as therapeutically useful for respiratory and urinary tract infections caused by susceptible bacteria.
相似文献3.
LISLE W. GEORGE J. A. SMITH† RENEE KASWAN‡ 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》1985,8(1):47-54
A long-acting oxytetracycline formulation was administered (20 mg/kg of body weight) intramuscularly to calves, and the concentrations of the drug in serum, ocular tissues and tears were measured. The drug was distributed selectively to the epithelium of the conjunctiva and to the lacrimal gland ductules, and reached concentrations in each tissue that exceeded those in serum. The drug did not penetrate into the aqueous humour, and produced mean peak lacrimal fluid concentrations less than 1 microgram/ml after i.m. administration. When given subconjunctivally, however, concentrations greater than 2.0 micrograms/ml were observed in tears for 72 h. Severe local reactions occurred in all calves that were given the drug subconjunctivally. 相似文献
4.
Thirty-six two-week-old healthy Holstein-Friesian calves weighing between 52 and 58 kg were divided at random into three groups of 12; group A calves were given a single oral bolus containing 2.5 g sulphathiazole and 1 g trimethoprim in a sustained-release formulation; group B received the same doses of the drugs but the trimethoprim was not in a sustained-release formulation; group C received a bolus containing 2.5 g sulphathiazole and 0.5 g conventional trimethoprim. Blood samples were collected at intervals for two days, the serum was separated and the composite antibacterial activity profiles of the mixture were analysed by an agar-diffusion microbiological method. The mean maximum activities in the serum of the three groups were 23.4 microg/ml in group A, 9.25 microg/ml in group B and 8.01 microg/ml in group C. The mean areas under the curves of the serum activity time curves were 838 microg/ml/hour in group A, 216 microg/ml/hour in group B and 182 microg/ml/hour in group C. 相似文献
5.
不同品种犊牛及其不同部位的肉品质研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
试验分别取10月龄新疆褐牛、荷斯坦牛、安格斯牛和西门塔尔牛公犊的左半侧胴体背最长肌、半腱肌和臀中肌,进行肉品质分析。结果表明,不同品种牛肉肌红蛋白的含量不同,其含量顺序依次是荷斯坦牛＞新疆褐牛＞西门塔尔牛＞安格斯牛,差异不显著(P>0.05);4个品种间安格斯牛的脂肪含量最高而胶原蛋白含量最低,背最长肌中脂肪含量与其它品种相比差异显著(P<0.05);同品种不同部位的肌红蛋白、粗脂肪、粗蛋白质含量和失水率大小不同,差异不显著(P>0.05),但存在一定规律,肌红蛋白含量半腱肌和臀中肌含量大于背最长肌,差异显著（P<0.05）;同品种不同部位间胶原蛋白含量背最长肌低于臀中肌和半腱肌,且差异显著(P<0.05)。 相似文献
6.
S Carli C Montesissa O Sonzogni M Madonna A Said-Faqi 《Research in veterinary science》1990,48(2):231-234
The pharmacokinetics of amikacin sulphate were investigated in calves and sheep. Five animals of each species were given 7.5 mg kg-1 intravenously and intramuscularly. After intravenous administration the pharmacokinetic parameters significantly different (P less than 0.01) between calves (first value) and sheep (second value), were: the initial concentration (87.05, 146.6 micrograms ml-1), the apparent distribution volume (350, 200 ml kg-1), the area under curve (5512, 11,018 min micrograms ml-1) and the clearance (1.5, 0.7 ml min-1 kg-1). After dosing intramuscularly the peak concentration (23.5, 34.36 micrograms ml-1), the peak time (45, 75 min) and the area under curve (5458, 9191 min micrograms ml-1) were significantly different (P less than 0.01). No significant differences were observed in the terminal halflife values, suggesting that elimination rate was independent of both route of administration and animal species. The drug in aqueous solution showed a good bioavailability in both animal species (about 0.87 in sheep and greater than 0.99 in calves) despite the greater serum concentrations always attained in sheep. 相似文献
7.
通过豚鼠、大白兔的皮肤致敏、皮肤刺激、肌肉刺激、红细胞溶血试验,考察加米霉素注射液的安全性。试验用新西兰大白兔8只进行皮肤刺激,染毒剂量为加米霉素注射液0.5 mL/只(规格:150 mg/mL);用白化豚鼠进行皮肤致敏试验,按0.5 mL/kg剂量,以豚鼠背部左侧皮肤进行染毒;用新西兰大白兔24只,进行肌肉刺激试验,在右侧股四头肌注入6、12、30 mg/kg bw,左侧股四头肌注入同样体积的灭菌0.9%氯化钠溶液作对照;用新西兰大白兔2只,进行红细胞溶血试验,采用体外试管法进行,采心脏血50 mL,制成血细胞悬液,加入受试药物原液温育3 h。结果显示,皮肤刺激试验:受试物加米霉素注射液各个时间点的刺激反应积分均值为0;皮肤致敏试验:受试药物组和阴性对照组豚鼠的皮肤过敏反应率为0;肌肉刺激试验:给予受试物各个时间点的刺激反应积分均值为0;红细胞溶血试验:受试药物及阴性对照在3 h内红细胞全部下沉,上清液体均为澄明,溶液中未见棕红色或红棕色絮状沉淀。试验表明加米霉素注射剂无皮肤刺激性、不出现过敏反应、无肌肉刺激性、无溶血和凝聚作用,临床上可以肌肉注射使用。 相似文献
8.
Gupta PK Saini M Gupta LK Rao VD Bandyopadhyay SK Butchaiah G Garg GK Garg SK 《Veterinary microbiology》2001,78(4):293-305
A DNA vaccine expressing glycoprotein C (gC) of bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1) was evaluated for inducing immunity in bovines. The plasmid encoding gC of BHV-1 was injected six times intramuscularly or intradermally into calves at monthly intervals. After immunization by both routes neutralizing antibody and lymphoproliferative responses developed. The responses in the intradermally immunized calves were better than those in calves immunized intramuscularly. However, the intradermal (i.d.) route was found to be less efficacious when protection against BHV-1 challenge was compared. Following intranasal BHV-1 challenge, all immunized calves demonstrated a rise in IgG antibody titre on day 3, indicating an anamnestic response. The control non-immunized calf developed a neutralizing antibody response on day 7 post-challenge. The immunized calves showed a slight rise in temperature and mild clinical symptoms after challenge. The intramuscularly immunized calves showed earlier clearance of challenge virus compared with intradermally immunized calves. These results indicate that DNA immunization with gC could induce neutralizing antibody and lymphoproliferative responses with BHV-1 responsive memory B cells in bovines. However, the immunity developed was not sufficient to protect calves completely from BHV-1 challenge. 相似文献
9.
G St-Jean R M DeBowes B L Hull P D Constable 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1992,200(9):1372-1376
Medical records of 12 calves less than or equal to 1 month old, with fracture of the femoral diaphysis, were reviewed. Ten calves were within 1 week of birth at the time of diagnosis. Open reduction was accomplished by use of a lateral approach. Retrograde intramedullary pinning was accomplished in all calves, using 2 (n = 4 calves) or 3 (n = 8 calves) pins. Cerclage wire was used to supplement fixation in 7 calves. A closed continuous suction drain was placed along the lateral aspect of the femur in every calf. Postsurgical complications included seroma formation over the middle gluteal musculature (n = 5 calves), pin migration (n = 6 calves), and osteomyelitis (n = 1 calf). Pin migration was observed in 4 calves that had been treated with nonthreaded trochar point pins. Fractures in 10 of 12 calves (83%) were considered to have healed satisfactorily. One calf was euthanatized because of septic osteomyelitis of the femur. One calf was euthanatized because of persistent lameness and pin migration. Pins were removed in 8 of 12 calves (67%) between the 13th and 90th postoperative days. Results of this study indicate that application of intramedullary pins may be a useful solution for management of femoral diaphyseal fracture in young calves. 相似文献
10.
M Sachs A Bar O Nir D Ochovsky B Machnai E Meir B Z Weiner Z Mazor 《The Veterinary record》1987,120(2):39-42
One hundred and seventeen Israeli-Friesian cows from herds with a milk fever incidence of more than 15 per cent were injected intramuscularly with either 350 micrograms 1 alpha hydroxyvitamin D3 (1 alpha OHD3) in propylene glycol or with the vehicle alone, close to calving. If parturition had not occurred within 72 hours a second injection was administered; parturition was induced two days after the second injection if necessary. There were 10 cases of milk fever among 57 control cows as opposed to two cases among the 60 animals treated with 1 alpha OHD3. In an attempt to prolong the effect of the drug, Israeli-Friesian cows were injected intramuscularly with 350 micrograms 1 alpha OHD3 in either 10 ml propylene glycol or arachis oil. 1 alpha OHD3 in arachis oil did not prolong the effect of the drug. 1 alpha OHD3 in propylene glycol increased plasma calcium concentrations more rapidly than when the drug was administered in oil. Additional cows of the same breed and age were injected intramuscularly with 350 micrograms 1 alpha OHD3 in propylene glycol. Five of the animals received a second dose four days, and five received a second dose five days after the first injection. Five animals served as uninjected controls. The plasma calcium levels of the injected cows were significantly higher (P less than 0.01) than those of the controls from the second until the 14th day after the first injection. Based on these results 451 Israeli-Friesian cows from herds with a milk fever incidence of more than 15 per cent were injected intramuscularly with 1 alpha OHD3 close to calving.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 相似文献
11.
During the 12 months commencing July 1976 the animals in a herd of 400 Friesian cows which were carrying their second or later calf were injected intramuscularly with either microgram of 1alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol in 5 ml aqueous carrier or with 5 ml of carrier. The injections were randomised so that 135 of the 269 injected cows received the drug and 134 received the carrier solution. Ten of the experimental group (7.4 per cent) and 22 of the control group (16.4 per cent) had to be treated for milk fever, (P less than 0.08). The protective effect was greatest, (P less than 0.001), when the cows calved between one and eight days after injection of the drug. 相似文献
12.
Kerkhofs P Renjifo X Toussaint JF Letellier C Vanopdenbosch E Wellemans G 《The Veterinary record》2003,152(22):681-686
Four immunisation protocols based on inactivated and attenuated commercially available marker vaccines for bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1) were compared. The first group of calves were vaccinated with an attenuated vaccine administered intranasally and an inactivated vaccine injected subcutaneously, four weeks apart; the second group were vaccinated twice with the attenuated vaccine, first intranasally and then intramuscularly; the third group were vaccinated twice subcutaneously with the inactivated vaccine; and the fourth group were vaccinated twice intramuscularly with the attenuated vaccine. A control group of calves were not vaccinated. The cellular and humoral immune responses were highest in the two groups which received at least one injection of the inactivated vaccine. Virological protection was observed in all the vaccinated groups after a challenge infection and reactivation by treatment with dexamethasone, but the calves which received one dose of the inactivated vaccine as a booster or two doses of the inactivated vaccine excreted significantly less of the challenge virus than the calves which were vaccinated only with the attenuated preparation. 相似文献
13.
Sandwich ELISA were developed to quantitatively determine conglutinin (CG), mannan-binding protein (MBP), and serum amyloid-P component (SAP) in the sera of cattle. The ELISA system was found to have high repeatability for quantitation of these serum proteins at concentration as low as 5 ng/ml. From results obtained for 10 healthy cows aged 2 to 7 years, mean +/- SD serum concentrations were 56.5 +/- 14.4 micrograms of CG/ml, 2.37 +/- 0.87 micrograms of MBP/ml, and 11.14 +/- 3.92 micrograms of SAP/ml, respectively. Values in 6 healthy heifer calves aged 6 months were 3.45 +/- 1.22 micrograms/ml for CG, 1.71 +/- 0.96 micrograms/ml for MBP, and 5.45 +/- 2.75 micrograms/ml for SAP, respectively. Concentrations in 9 healthy bullocks aged 6 months were 1.83 +/- 0.66 micrograms/ml for CG, 1.04 +/- 0.63 micrograms/ml for MBP, and 4.9 +/- 1.13 micrograms/ml for SAP, respectively. 相似文献
14.
Lifschitz A Virkel G Sallovitz J Sutra JF Galtier P Alvinerie M Lanusse C 《Veterinary parasitology》2000,87(4):327-338
Pharmacokinetic studies have been used traditionally to characterize drug concentration profiles achieved in the bloodstream. However, endectocide molecules exert their persistent and broad spectrum activity against parasites localized in many different tissues. The aim of this study was to compare the distribution of ivermectin (IVM) and doramectin (DRM) to different tissues in which parasites are found following subcutaneous administration to calves. Holstein calves weighing 120-140 kg were injected in the shoulder area with commercially available formulations of IVM (Ivomec 1% MSD AGVET, NJ, USA) (Group A) or DRM (Dectomax 1%, Pfizer, NY, USA) (Group B). Two treated calves were sacrificed at 1, 4, 8, 18, 28, 38, 48 or 58 days post-treatment. Plasma, abomasal and small intestinal fluids and mucosal tissues, bile, faeces, lung and skin samples were collected, extracted, derivatized and analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection to determine IVM and DRM concentrations. IVM and DRM were distributed to all the tissues and fluids analyzed. Concentrations >0.1 ng/ml (ng/g) were detected between 1 and 48 days post-treatment in all the tissues and fluids investigated. At 58 days post-treatment, IVM and DRM were detected only in bile and faeces, where large concentrations were excreted. Delayed Tmax values for DRM (4 days post-administration) compared to those for IVM (1 day) were observed in the different tissues and fluids. High IVM and DRM concentrations were measured in the most important target tissues, including skin. The highest IVM and DRM concentrations were measured in abomasal mucosa and lung tissue. Enhanced availabilities of both IVM (between 45 and 244%) and DRM (20-147%) were obtained in tissues compared to plasma. There was good correlation between concentration profiles of both compounds in plasma and target tissues (mucosal tissue, skin, and lung). Drug concentrations in target tissues remained above 1 ng/g for either 18 (IVM) or 38 (DRM) days post-treatment. The characterization of tissue distribution patterns contributes to our understanding of the basis for the broad-spectrum endectocide activity of avermectin-type compounds. 相似文献
15.
Vangeel L Houf K Geldhof P Nollet H Vercruysse J Ducatelle R Chiers K 《Veterinary parasitology》2012,183(3-4):224-230
Bovine eosinophilic myositis (BEM) is a subclinical myopathy characterized by multifocal white to grey-green discolorations in skeletal muscles, heart, tongue and oesophagus. These lesions are found at slaughter or during meat cutting and result in considerable economic losses. The etiology and pathogenesis are unclear, although it has been suggested, that Sarcocystis species are involved. To elucidate their role, two calves were repeatedly injected intramuscularly with adjuvanted Sarcocystis antigen. The morphological changes at the injection sites in these calves were histologically and immunohistochemically compared to spontaneous lesions from 44 BEM condemned carcasses sampled in slaughterhouses. Experimental intramuscular injection of Sarcocystis antigen resulted in lesions at the injection sites that were similar to the lesions of natural cases of BEM. They were characterized by massive infiltration of eosinophilic granulocytes, reactive macrophages (MAC387(+) cells), T-cells (CD3(+)) and B-cells (CD20(+)). Both in the experimental and in the natural cases, COX-2 expression was present in endothelial cells adjacent to lesional areas. MHC class II(+) staining was found amongst others in muscle cells surrounding the lesion. These results show that Sarcocystis antigens can induce an inflammatory response in bovine muscle having the characteristics of natural BEM. 相似文献
16.
Concentration of ivermectin in bovine serum and its effect on the fecundity of psoroptic mange mites
The concentration-time profile of ivermectin in serum was determined for 3 Hereford heifers. The mean maximum serum concentration, 29 ng of ivermectin/ml, was obtained 48 hours after single subcutaneous injection of 200 micrograms/kg of body weight. The fecundity of mites placed on 9 treated animals at 5, 9, 12, 15, 18, and 21 days after injection was reduced by 96% to 99%. At 24 days after treatment, when serum concentration had decreased to about 2 ng/ml, the capability of mites to produce eggs increased to 50% of mites from nontreated calves. At 27 and 30 days after the drug was injected, egg production by mites on treated calves was equivalent to that of mites on nontreated calves. The reduced fecundity resulted from an almost complete cessation of oviposition by females after only a 1-day exposure to ivermectin-treated calves. 相似文献
17.
J. F. M. NOUWS C. A. M. VAN GINNEKEN† G. ZIV‡ 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》1983,6(1):59-66
Oxytetracycline (OTC) was administered intravenously (i.v.) to 3-and 12-week-old calves and lactating cows, and both i.v. and intramuscularly (i.m) to 14-week-old calves and non-lactating cows. Concentrations of OTC were determined in plasma and were analysed kinetically. The pharmacokinetic parameters which were derived using the three-compartment open model were inadequate to describe plasma drug levels in six out of the 23 animals treated i.v., and, therefore, model-independent kinetic parameters were utilized for evaluating age-dependent pharmacokinetics of OTC. In the 3-week-old calves, the total body clearance (Cl b ) was 0.0022 ml/min/kg, the total distribution volume (V d area ) was 2.48 l/kg, and the distribution volume of the central compartment (V 1 ) was 0.56 l/kg. Mean values for Cl b , V d area , and V 1 in 3-week-old calves were two-, three- and four-fold greater, respectively, than the corresponding values in cows. Mean values of Cl b and V d area for the 12-and 14-week-old calves were intermediate between the corresponding values in 3-week-old calves and cows. Dose and state of lactation did not affect the model-independent parameters. The i.v. and i.m. data illustrated that the recommended dose levels of OTC in young calves should be twice those employed in cows for obtaining similar plasma OTC concentration-time profiles. 相似文献
18.
G O Korsrud J M Naylor J D MacNeil W D Yates 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》1987,51(3):316-318
Twenty-one 5 to 18 day old calves were administered 11 mg chloramphenicol in propylene glycol per kg body weight intramuscularly twice daily for three days. Groups of calves were euthanized with a barbiturate overdose at 5, 21, 42 and 70 days after the last dose was administered. Serum, kidney, analyzed for the drug using a quantitative gas chromatographic method with a detection limit of five parts per billion. After five days of withdrawal, chloramphenicol was detected in all the injection sites and in 6 out of 16 of the other samples. After 21 days of withdrawal, chloramphenicol was detected in all the injection sites and in one each of the serum, liver and muscle samples. After 42 days of withdrawal, chloramphenicol was detected in the injection sites only, and after 70 days of withdrawal it was not detected in any of the samples. 相似文献
19.
Castrucci G Ferrari M Marchini C Salvatori D Provinciali M Tosini A Petrini S Sardonini Q Lo Dico M Frigeri F Amici A 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》2004,27(3):171-179
A bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1) vaccine expressing glycoprotein D, the form with the transmembrane anchor removed, was evaluated for inducing immunity in calves. The plasmid encoding gD of BHV-1 was injected three times to nine calves, using three animals for each of the following routes: intramuscularly (i.m.), intradermally (i.d.), or intranasally (i.n.). Three additional calves were given the plasmid vector only and served as unvaccinated controls. When calves were subjected to challenge infection with BHV-1, all vaccinated calves as well as the controls developed a typical severe form of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis. However, compared to the controls, the vaccinated calves showed earlier clearance of challenge virus. Moreover, the calves given the vaccine i.m. developed neutralizing antibody to BHV-1 between 21 and 42 days following the first injection of vaccine, whereas in calves vaccinated either i.d. or i.n., as well as the controls, antibody first appeared in their sera 14 days post-challenge infection. 相似文献
20.
The protective effect of dialyzable leukocyte extract (DLE) was investigated in the experimental model of Salmonella infection in calves. DLE was obtained from the lymphatic nodes and spleens of fattening bulls immunized with whole-cell Salmonella vaccine (designated DLEs-im), from the same organs of calves immunized and subsequently infected with Salmonella typhimurium (DLEs-inf), and from non-immunized fattening bulls (DLEn). Three doses of DLEs-inf and DLEs-im applied intravenously at 3-day intervals induced protection in all calves against infection. There were statistically significant differences in the immunological, clinical and microbiological parameters. Three doses of DLEs-inf injected intramuscularly at 3-day intervals provided a protective effect; however, one calf died. The intravenous application of DLEn induced low protection against experimental Salmonella infection and two calves died. The results indicate that the preparation of antigen-specific DLE may be possible via immunization of fattening bulls. 相似文献