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1.
Passive immunization of tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, was conducted to determine whether anti- Streptococcus iniae whole sera (ASI), heat inactivated anti- S . iniae whole sera (HIASI) and normal whole sera (NWS) were protective when intraperitoneally (i.p.) injected into tilapia. The ASI was produced in tilapia actively immunized (challenged) with virulent S. iniae by i.p. injection. An antibody response against S. iniae was demonstrated by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and 18% of the immunized fish died because of the S. iniae infection. The actively immunized tilapia demonstrated a secondary antibody response and immunity to S. iniae after challenge with S. iniae by i.p. injection. Survival was 100% in the actively immunized fish. The NWS was obtained from tilapia free of ASI antibody and susceptible to S. iniae infection (40% mortality). In two separate experiments, significantly higher mortality was noted in tilapia passively immunized with NWS (33 and 53%) and phosphate buffered saline (PBS) (30 and 60%), in comparison with mortalities of 0 and 10% or 3.3 and 6.7% in the fish passively immunized with ASI or HIASI 14 days after S . iniae infection by i.p. injection ( P  = 0.0003 and 0.0023). Results suggest that immunity provided by ASI and HIASI was because of antibody against S. iniae . Inactivation of complement in the HIASI treatment further suggests that ASI antibody plays a primary role in immunity against S. iniae infection.  相似文献   

2.
尼罗罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)是世界水产养殖业中的重要经济鱼类,但在养殖生产中易受海豚链球菌(Streptococcus iniae)感染而致病致死,使用疫苗是一种相对理想的防感染措施。该研究采用海豚链球菌simA、pgmA基因构建的真核表达载体作为DNA疫苗,肌肉注射罗非鱼评估疫苗保护效果。免疫后在DNA和RNA水平上,在注射鱼体内检测到2个目的基因。首次免疫后第7至第28天,鳃、肝、肾脏、头肾中疫苗组的白介素1 (Interleukin,IL-1β)与肿瘤坏死因子(Tumor Necrosis Factor,TNF-α)表达量高于PBS对照组;疫苗组的抗体滴度、血清抗菌活性显著(P<0.05)高于PBS对照组。攻毒后,注射pcDNA3.1-pgmA、pcDNA3.1-simA、pcDNA3.1-pgmA与pcDNA3.1-simA等比例混合疫苗的相对保护率(Relative percent survival,RPS)分别为60.7%、49.9%和75.0%。结果表明所制备的疫苗具有免疫保护效果,可作为候选疫苗。  相似文献   

3.
强俊  杨弘  王辉  徐跑  柒壮林  何杰 《水产学报》2012,36(6):958-968
以吉富罗非鱼、新吉富罗非鱼、埃及尼罗罗非鱼和红罗非鱼为研究对象,饲养100d后,进行海豚链球菌(2.95×108CFU/mL)感染试验,分析攻毒前后各品系罗非鱼的血液生化指标和肝脏HSP70 mRNA表达量的变化规律。另从各桶中取20尾鱼进行同样的攻毒试验,统计攻毒后各时间点的累积死亡率。结果表明,感染海豚链球菌96h后,吉富罗非鱼和新吉富罗非鱼对病原较为敏感,累积死亡率分别达到36.67%和38.33%;埃及尼罗罗非鱼对病原敏感性较差,试验期间未见死亡。吉富罗非鱼、新吉富罗非鱼和红罗非鱼血清皮质醇和葡萄糖水平以及肝脏HSP70 mRNA的表达量在攻毒后明显提高,血清谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶与溶菌酶活力也呈上升趋势,碱性磷酸酶活力与甘油三酯和胆固醇水平低于攻毒前。埃及尼罗罗非鱼可以利用糖原和脂类产生的能量,提高了HSPS与一些特定免疫蛋白(溶菌酶、球蛋白等)的合成,增强了鱼体的非特异性免疫力。罗非鱼选育过程中,需要将抗病力与生长性能进行有效的结合,在注重生长速度的同时也要增强其抗应激能力,从而为罗非鱼产业的可持续发展提供保证。  相似文献   

4.
Abstract— Streptococcus iniae was isolated from moribund pure strain Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus in a water recirculation aquaculture facility. The extent of the infection was determined in a number of separate culture systems at the facility. A pilot study was also conducted to gain information on potential stressors that may play a role in spread of the infection within such a water reuse facility. The conditions employed in the pilot stress test did not have any apparent impact on spread of S. iniae infection to fish in additional tanks within the facility.  相似文献   

5.
为探讨无乳链球菌(Streptococcus agalactiae)感染罗非鱼(Oreochromis spp)的致病途径。采用腹腔注射、灌胃和浸泡三种方式对吉富罗非鱼进行无乳链球菌(HN016菌株)胁迫感染,利用平板活菌计数法统计三种方式感染后病原菌在体内组织的分布。注射和灌胃两种方式感染后均出现典型的链球菌感染发病症状,其中注射组在感染24 h后出现死亡高峰,死亡率为92.5%;灌胃组感染48 h后出现死亡高峰,死亡率为90%;而浸泡组,感染后均没有出现明显的发病症状,也没有出现死鱼。注射组和灌胃组在感染后2 h,其脾脏、肝脏、前肾、胃、腮、皮肤和肌肉组织中均可分离出病原菌,5 h后在脑组织中均可分离出病原菌,8 h后各组织分离出的病原菌数达到峰值;而浸泡组在感染8 h后才从各组织中分离出病原菌,且它们的数量均低于同时期的注射组和灌胃组。注射和灌胃两种方式可使吉富罗非鱼快速感染无乳链球菌而发病,而浸泡方式感染后病原菌虽可以侵入机体,但不表现出症状。由此,我们推测在自然条件下养殖的罗非鱼是通过口腔采食携带无乳,链球菌的食物而被感染。  相似文献   

6.
Tissue depletion studies of antibacterials are an important part of data packages required to obtain a label from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the United States for use of therapeutants in food fishes. Currently, withdrawal tima are set based on results of such studies obtained from healthy animals. Bacterial infection can lead to dramatic physiological changes in affected fish. In this investigation, the impact of bacterial infection on depletion kinetics of oxytetracycline (OTC) was examined in tilapia Oreochromis niloticus challenged with Streptococcus iniae (a model Gram positive bacterium) or Vibrio vulnificus (a model Gram negative bacterium). An additional group of fish injected with Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) broth was included as a non-infectious stimulus. Although some differences in elimination kinetics of OTC were observed between treated fish and non-treated controls, OTC was rapidly eliminated from tilapia in all groups. In all cases, mean concentration of OTC was below the current 2.0 ppm (μg/g) FDA tolerance for OTC in the edible portion (muscle plus skin) after day 3 postdosing.  相似文献   

7.
广东省养殖罗非鱼、海鲈、尖吻鲈海豚链球菌感染调查   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  
利用细菌分离培养方法结合特异PCR技术,对广东省珠三角地区养殖罗非鱼(Oreochromis spp.)、海鲈(Lateolabrax japonicus)及尖吻鲈(Lates calcarifer)的海豚链球菌(Streptococcus iniae)感染情况进行了周年调查。每月固定时间在特定养殖区域采集目标鱼的脑、肝、脾、肾和肌肉等组织,并对其进行海豚链球菌的细菌分离培养鉴定。仅从已经患病的尖吻鲈中分离到3株链球菌,经生理生化鉴定和16S rDNA测序确定为海豚链球菌。利用海豚链球菌特异PCR技术对上述养殖鱼类不同组织进行检测,发现罗非鱼、海鲈、尖吻鲈的海豚链球菌感染率分别为30.21%、23.53%、14.55%,其中罗非鱼脑和肌肉的感染率明显较其他组织高(P<0.05),分别为20.65%和23.75%;海鲈的脑部和肌肉感染率也较其他组织高(P<0.05),分别为12.1%和10%;而尖吻鲈各组织感染率没有较大差异(P>0.05)。另外,研究结果还表明采集样本的海豚链球菌感染率随着其体长的增加而呈现下降趋势。  相似文献   

8.
Abstract

The stress response following intraperitoneal (IP) injection of a non-adjuvant Streptococcus agalactiae vaccine in cultured warmwater Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, has not been investigated. Further, little or no information is available on stress following S. agalactiae infection and what effect, if any, vaccination has on susceptibility to infection. The objective of this study was to develop preliminary information on the associations between vaccination, stress, and infection. Blood glucose levels were used to evaluate stress in the fish at different time intervals following vaccination and challenge with S. agalactiae. Blood glucose levels were measured in vaccinates and controls at 0, 2, 6, 24 hours, and 28 days post-immunization (0 hours pre-challenge), and at 2,6, 24,48,72, and 312 hours following challenge with 1.5 × 104 colony forming units (CFU) of S. agalactiae/fish. Significant increases in blood glucose levels were observed only in association with the injection of the vaccine and at 2 hours after injection. After S. agalactiae challenge, both controls and vaccinates had significantly (P < 0.05) higher blood glucose values at 2, 24,48, and 72 hours than at 0 hours. However, blood glucose levels in vaccinates were significantly (P < 0.05) lower than the controls at 24, 48, and 312 hours. Blood glucose levels and mortality of the infected controls were significantly correlated (r2 = 0.9236, P = 0.0134). The cumulative mortality of the vaccinates and controls was 10% and 60% after 13 days post-challenge, respectively. The relative percent survival (RPS) was 83.4. Our results indicate that the vaccine was efficacious against S. agalactiae and induced short-term stress in tilapia. These preliminary results also suggested, for the first time, that vaccination may significantly reduce the infection stress associated with S. agalactiae infection in tilapia.  相似文献   

9.
This study determined the growth performance and acquired resistance of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.) that survived Streptococcus iniae infection. Tilapia were challenged with three doses of S. iniae (8.8 × 103, 8.8 × 104 and 8.8 × 105 CFU fish?1 for low, medium and high challenges respectively). Groups of non‐injected and tryptic soy broth‐injected fish were maintained as controls. Significantly (P<0.05) higher mortality (45.0%) occurred in the high challenge treatment than in the low challenge treatment group (29.6%). The medium challenge group had mortality (36.3%) that did not differ significantly from the high or low treatment. Few fish died in the non‐injected and broth‐injected treatments (3.4% and 0.8% respectively). The tilapia that survived S. iniae infection used to assess growth performance were selected from survivors without gross clinical signs of disease. These fish were randomly stocked at a rate of 30 fish into each 57 L aquarium in triplicate and fed to apparent satiation for 8 weeks. No significant differences were detected in weight gain, feed intake, feed efficiency ratio or survival between S. iniae‐survived tilapia and the control treatments following the 8‐week growth performance trial. Following the 8‐week feeding study, tilapia were challenged with 1 × 106 CFU fish?1 of S. iniae to assess acquired immunity. Mean cumulative mortality was significantly higher (P<0.05) in the control treatments (41.7% for the non‐injected and 43.3% for the broth‐injected fish) than in the low, medium and high challenge treatments (7.4%, 3.3% and 8.3% respectively). Serum protein was significantly (P<0.05) elevated in the S. iniae‐survived tilapia that were subsequently challenged when compared with controls challenged for the first time. Agglutinating antibody titre was significantly higher in the fish in the medium and high challenge treatments, compared with the control fish challenged for the first time. The results suggest tilapia that survive S. iniae challenge without showing overt disease signs performed as well as non‐infected tilapia. Further, the S. iniae‐survived tilapia challenged following the 8‐week growth performance trial gained acquired resistance to homologous S. iniae challenge.  相似文献   

10.
罗非鱼海豚链球菌16S rRNA基因的序列测定和系统进化分析   总被引：18，自引：2，他引：16  
甘西 《水产学报》2007,31(5):618-623
为了从分子水平上对1株致病性罗非鱼链球菌进行分类学鉴定,利用原核生物16SrRNA基因通用引物对分离纯化的罗非鱼致病性链球菌进行16S rRNA基因的克隆及序列分析。结果扩增出长约1.5 kp目的片段,测序得到1条长度为1 447 bp核苷酸序列。核苷酸相似性分析表明,序列与NCB I公布的海豚链球菌(Streptococcus iniae,S.iniae)SCCF5L菌株16SrRNA基因核苷酸序列相似性最高(99.4%),暂称为中国广西株(S.iniae-CGX)。同时,亲源关系较近的S.iniae、S.difficilis和S.agalactiae代表菌株构建的系统发育进化树显示,所得菌株与S.iniae代表菌株组成同一进化分支,与S.agalactiae代表菌株组成的另一进化分支距离较近(95.5%),而与S.difficilis代表菌株组成的进化分支距离较远(92.3%)。上述研究证实,本试验从发病罗非鱼脑组织分离到的致病性链球菌为海豚链球菌。  相似文献   

11.
文章以吉富罗非鱼（GIFTstrainOreochromisniloticus）为研究对象,按照1雄配1雌原则进行家系配对,待家系鱼生长至50～60g·尾“时人工感染无乳链球菌（Streptococcusagalactiae）（菌株GD001）。通过对GD001菌株半数致死浓度测定及各家系感染死亡率的统计,研究了GD001无乳链球菌感染对各家系吉富罗非鱼抗病力的影响。结果表明,1）配对成功家系67个,经繁殖性能筛选后留种53个,家系留种率为79．1％;2）GD001菌株的半数致死浓度为4×108cfu·mL－1,感染后2～6d为死亡高峰期;3）GD001菌感染53个家系后有11个家系的成活率在90％以上,15个家系的成活率在70％～89％,19个家系的成活率在30％～69％,8个家系的成活率低于30％,表明不同家系对GD001菌株的抗病力存在着显著的差异（P〈0．05）。  相似文献   

12.
A multiplex nested-polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based (m-nested PCR) method was developed for simultaneous detection of four important freshwater/marine fish pathogens in subtropical Asia, including Aeromonas hydrophila, Edwardsiella tarda, Photobacterium damselae and Streptococcus iniae . The specificity of the oligonucleotide primers used for PCR detection was confirmed to generate specific amplicons for the corresponding pathogens. Moreover, non-specific amplicons were observed when the primers were tested using pure DNA extracted from 31 related bacterial strains belonging to 23 species or tissue homogenates of infected tilapia. This m-nested PCR approach could detect 19 colony forming unit (CFU) for A. hydrophila , 62 CFU for E. tarda , 280 CFU for P. damselae subsp. piscicida and 179 CFU for S. iniae in infected tilapia kidney homogenates, consistent with the results derived from bacteriological methods. The assay described in this paper is a sensitive and effective method for simultaneous detection of multiple fish pathogens.  相似文献   

13.
The 16S-23S intergenic spacers (ITS) of ribosomal DNA from ten independent isolates of Streptococcus iniae and one reference strain ATCC29178 were sequenced, aligned and used to design a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primer set for rapid and specific detection and identification of S. iniae. This primer set amplified a 377-bp DNA fragment specifically from S. iniae, but not from other common bacterial pathogens of fish or from non-fish pathogens. The PCR conditions were optimized to allow detection of the organism from agar, broth culture or infected fish tissue. The sensitivity of the PCR assay was established by the detection of DNA as low as 0.02 ng or as few as 10 CFU bacterial cells. The establishment of the specific PCR assay provides a useful tool for the identification and diagnosis of fish infection with S. iniae.  相似文献   

14.
分别用迟钝爱德华氏菌Edwardsiella tarda、嗜水气单胞菌Aeromonas hydrophila、链球菌Streptococcus iniae和斑点叉尾(鱼回)呼肠孤病毒(channel catfish hemorrhage reovirus,CCRV)对斑点叉尾(鱼回)Ictalurus punctatus进行感染实验,取感染后0h、12h、24h、48h、72h和7d的头肾、肠、肝脏和脾脏,采用实时定量PCR方法检测了TLR5和TLR5S基因在这4种免疫相关组织中的时空表达特征,探讨它们与斑点叉尾(鱼回)先天免疫反应的关系.结果表明,链球菌和迟钝爱德华氏菌能够引起TLR5和TLR5S强烈的上调表达,其中以感染链球菌12h后TLR5S在头肾中的表达上调量最为显著,与对照组相比提高了132倍(P＜0.01).在感染嗜水气单胞菌后的24h内TLR5和TLR5S基因的表达量上升,但随后却显示出了明显的下调趋势,而斑点叉尾(鱼回)呼肠孤病毒在TLR5和TLR5S基因表达中起到了明显的抑制作用,于大部分组织中表达下调.在感染12h的脾脏中,TLR5基因的表达量仅为对照组的0.017倍(P＜0.01),而TLR5S基因表达量达到最低,仅为对照组的0.01倍(P＜0.01).从不同的组织来看,TLR5在肠中的表达上调幅度最大,而TLR5S在头肾中的表达增幅最明显,如感染链球菌和迟钝爱德华氏菌12h后,TLR5在肠中的表达量分别增加了50.4倍(P＜0.01)和14.8倍(P＜0.01),TLR5S在头肾中的表达量分别上升了52.8倍(P＜0.01)和132倍(P＜0.01).以上结果进一步证明了TLR5和TLR5S基因在斑点叉尾(鱼回)先天免疫反应过程中发挥着非常重要的作用,同时在抗病原侵袭过程中表现出了一定的组织特异性和病原特异性.  相似文献   

15.
Since 2007, 96 wild Queensland groupers, Epinephelus lanceolatus, (Bloch), have been found dead in NE Australia. In some cases, Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B Streptococcus, GBS) was isolated. At present, a GBS isolate from a wild grouper case was employed in experimental challenge trials in hatchery‐reared Queensland grouper by different routes of exposure. Injection resulted in rapid development of clinical signs including bilateral exophthalmia, hyperaemic skin or fins and abnormal swimming. Death occurred in, and GBS was re‐isolated from, 98% fish injected and was detected by PCR in brain, head kidney and spleen from all fish, regardless of challenge dose. Challenge by immersion resulted in lower morbidity with a clear dose response. Whilst infection was established via oral challenge by admixture with feed, no mortality occurred. Histology showed pathology consistent with GBS infection in organs examined from all injected fish, from fish challenged with medium and high doses by immersion, and from high‐dose oral challenge. These experimental challenges demonstrated that GBS isolated from wild Queensland grouper reproduced disease in experimentally challenged fish and resulted in pathology that was consistent with that seen in wild Queensland grouper infected with S. agalactiae.  相似文献   

16.
为研究罗非鱼源无乳链球菌溶血素(Hemolysin,Hly)对鱼体的免疫保护作用,根据已获得的无乳链球菌ZQ0910全基因组序列设计引物扩增hly基因,定向克隆于原核表达载体p ET-28a中,构建原核重组质粒p ET-28a-hly,经IPTG诱导表达后,制成亚单位疫苗免疫吉富罗非鱼,并分析疫苗的免疫保护力。结果显示,hly基因产物大小1335 bp,编码444个氨基酸,经测序与Gen Bank报道的链球菌属Hly氨基酸序列同源性可达99%。经IPTG诱导表达后,SDS-PAGE分析可见一条51.7 k D的特异条带;Western blotting分析结果说明表达的Hly蛋白能与His-Tag单抗特异性结合;制备的亚单位疫苗免疫鱼体后第14天即可检测到抗体产生,并在第28天达到峰值,抗体效价为1∶4096,免疫保护率为70%。由此证实,该亚单位疫苗有望成为预防由无乳链球菌引起的罗非鱼链球菌病的基因工程类疫苗。  相似文献   

17.
Dietary application of dried Rosmarinus officinalis (rosemary) leaves as a treatment for streptococcal infection was studied in tilapia, Oreochromis sp. Feeding with dried rosemary leaves significantly reduced mortality following infection with Streptococcus iniae: 44% mortality in the group fed 8% rosemary, similar to oxytetracycline treatment (43% mortality), and significantly lower than the control (65%). Dietary administration of 16% rosemary significantly reduced mortality because of Streptococcus agalactiae infection in 44 g fish (62% and 76% in 16% rosemary and control, respectively), but not in a similar experiment conducted with 5.5 g fish. The antibacterial effect of rosemary on S. iniae was studied. Activity of rosemary cultivar Israel was reduced during the winter, but there was no significant change in cultivars Oranit and Star. Storage of powdered rosemary leaves at 50 °C resulted in fourfold and eightfold higher MIC24 h values after 3 and 4.5 months, respectively. Storage at ?20 °C, 4 °C and 25 °C and autoclaving (120 °C) each resulted in a twofold increase in MIC24 h. Repeated exposures of S. iniae to rosemary did not affect minimal inhibitory concentration, suggesting no development of resistance to rosemary.  相似文献   

18.
Sixteen countries, including Bangladesh, have reported the presence of tilapia lake virus (TiLV), an emerging tilapia pathogen. Fish polyculture is a common farming practice in Bangladesh. Some unusual mortalities reported in species co-cultivated with TiLV-infected tilapia led us to investigate whether any of the co-cultivated species would also test positive for TiLV and whether they were susceptible to TiLV infection under controlled laboratory experiments. Using 183 samples obtained from 15 farms in six districts across Bangladesh, we determined that 20% of the farms tested positive for TiLV in tilapia, while 15 co-cultivated fish species and seven other invertebrates (e.g. insects and crustaceans) considered potential carriers all tested negative. Of the six representative fish species experimentally infected with TiLV, only Nile tilapia showed the typical clinical signs of the disease, with 70% mortality within 12 days. By contrast, four carp species and one catfish species challenged with TiLV showed no signs of TiLV infection. Challenged tilapia were confirmed as TiLV-positive by RT-qPCR, while challenged carp and walking catfish all tested negative. Overall, our field and laboratory findings indicate that species used in polycultures are not susceptible to TiLV. Although current evidence suggests that TiLV is likely host-specific to tilapia, targeted surveillance for TiLV in other fish species in polyculture systems should continue, in order to prepare for a possible future scenario where TiLV mutates and/or adapts to new host(s).  相似文献   

19.
Streptococcus agalactiae causes a severe systemic disease in fish, and the routes of entry are still ill‐defined. To address this issue, two groups of 33 red tilapia Oreochromis spp. each of 10 g were orally infected with S. agalactiae (n = 30), and by immersion (n = 30), six individuals were control‐uninfected fish. Three tilapias were killed at each time point from 30 min to 96 h post‐inoculation (pi); controls were killed at 96 h. Samples from most tissues were examined by haematoxylin–eosin (H&E), indirect immunoperoxidase (IPI) and periodic acid‐Schiff; only intestine from fish infected by gavage was evaluated by transmission electron microscopy. The results of both experiments suggest that the main entry site of S. agalactiae in tilapia is the gastrointestinal epithelium; mucus seems to play an important defensive role, and environmental conditions may be an important predisposing factor for the infection.  相似文献   

20.
Streptococcosis causes serious economic losses to fish farms every year. A four‐week feeding trial was carried out to evaluate arginine (ARG) supplementation in the diet of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings challenged by Streptococcus agalactiae. Fish were fed with experimental diets containing five levels of supplementation with 1.39%, 1.76%, 1.97%, 2.18% or 2.39% analysed level of ARG. Each diet was randomly distributed in 30 tanks containing 20 fish/tank. After 30 days, no differences were observed in performance parameters, weight gain, daily weight gain, specific growth rate, feed intake or food conversion. After the performance assay, fingerlings were infected with 1.95 × 108 CFU/fish of Streptococcus agalactiae. Mortality was verified daily, and the respiratory burst of leucocytes and nitric oxide production were measured at 0 hr, 24 hr, 7 days and 15 days after infection. The survival rate of the fish is compared using the Kaplan–Meier method, with values of 4.29%, 14.8%, 10.8%, 17.2% and 33.3% for the 1.39, 1.76, 1.97, 2.18 and 2.39 treatments respectively. A reduction in the mortality rate and a boost in the immune responses was observed in all the supplementations of ARG in the diet; however, the best survival rates were obtained in the treatments with 2.39% ARG as well as the most efficient immune responses.  相似文献   

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