共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 46 毫秒
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【目的】探索甜樱桃新种质种内及种间杂交育种规律,提高南方甜樱桃杂交育种效率。【方法】以适宜浙江省种植的甜樱桃新种质为母本,以甜樱桃和中国樱桃为父本开展甜樱桃种内及种间杂交试验,调查坐果率、有胚率、胚败育率和F0果实品质等指标,进行杂交效率分析。【结果】授粉7 d后,供试母本的种内及种间坐果率都比较高,随果实发育,至授粉后28 d及成熟期都有不同程度较大幅度的下降。同母本种内杂交坐果率高于种间的。供试母本中‘朝阳一号’的种内、种间杂交坐果率均最高;坐果率最低的为‘长丰一号’的种间杂交组合。同一母本种内组合比种间组合有胚率高、败育率低。杂种胚成熟时败育率高,仅有4个组合可以得到未败育胚。杂交果未成熟胚败育率低这为胚培养提供了可能。供试母本‘朝阳一号’未成熟胚最好,坐果率高有胚率高败育率低‘;江南红’有胚率低,败育程度最高‘;长丰一号’及‘先锋’居中,母本优选‘朝阳一号’;供试父本未成熟胚中‘朝阳一号’和‘紫晶’较好。F0果实成熟期推迟,颜色及形状均表现出了母本果实开放授粉的色泽及形状;可溶性固形物种含量间杂交果低于种内的,均低于开放授粉的母本果实。为获得杂交后代,南方甜樱桃杂交育种可以采用3种方法:利用主产区的杂交后代在南方进行筛选;在南方杂交后进行胚挽救或者尝试混合花粉的开放授粉。【结论】甜樱桃种新种质种内及种间组合不同坐果率、杂种胚发育均存在较大差异。同一母本种内杂交坐果率高且败育率低。供试种质中‘朝阳一号’是较好的父母本。 相似文献
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以3个甜樱桃品种为母本,3个中国樱桃品种为父本进行了种间远缘杂交,并对所得到的杂种成功地进行了胚抢救,探讨了不同亲本品种对大樱桃远缘杂交亲和性及其胚抢救的影响。结果表明,(1)不同杂交组合的坐果率差异显著,在同一母本的杂交组合中,均以五莲红樱桃作父本的杂交组合坐果率最高(≥4.14%);而以红灯为母本与3个父本品种杂交的平均坐果率高于那翁和先锋为母本的相同杂交组合的平均坐果率;(2)不同亲本品种的杂种胚萌发生长率与多丛芽增殖系数存在显著差异,其中在参试的3个父本品种中,以五莲红樱桃表现最好;(3)经过生根培养,已经成功地将一批杂种胚培苗移栽到大田。 相似文献
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利用远缘杂交创造核果类果树新种质的研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
以桃、杏、李、樱桃、杏梅等果树的 1 4个品种为亲本 ,3年来共进行了 80余个组合的远缘杂交试验 ,探讨了核果类果树远缘杂交的亲和性 ,并对远缘杂种幼胚进行了胚抢救。结果表明 ,铃铛花期授粉的坐果率显著高于初花期授粉 ;同一杂交组合 ,正反交坐果率差异显著 ,母本对远缘杂交亲和性影响很大 ,选择自交亲和或自然坐果率高的种或品种做母本容易克服远缘杂交的不亲和性 ;适宜场强的静电场、He -Ne激光处理及60 Coγ射线与He -Ne激光联合处理花粉 ,均能显著提高花粉离体萌芽率 ,用上述处理的花粉进行的远缘杂交坐果率也明显高于对照 ;60 Coγ射线单独处理则降低了花粉离体萌芽率 ,远缘杂交的坐果率也低于对照 ;对远缘杂种幼胚及时地进行胚抢救 ,并诱导形成多丛芽 ,是克服核果类果树远缘杂种不育性的有效方法。研究并筛选出了李、樱桃胚萌发与生长、多丛芽诱导与增殖以及生根培养等最佳培养基配方。目前已将欧洲甜樱桃×中国樱桃、大石早生李×泰安巴旦水杏及凯特杏×总统李等一批核果类果树远缘杂种定植于露地 ,其中欧洲甜樱桃与中国樱桃的种间杂种是国内外首次获得 相似文献
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9个新疆杏品种间杂交亲和性研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
【目的】了解新疆杏品种间杂交亲和性,为授粉树的配置提供理论依据。【方法】以9个新疆杏品种为试材,测定各品种的花粉量、花粉活力,设置不同品种间72个授粉组合,测定杂交组合的花粉管生长状况及坐果率等指标,以判定不同杂交组合的亲和性。【结果】9个品种平均花粉量为每花药1 474.4粒,品种间差异极大。各品种平均花粉萌发率为44.0%,其中,‘库曼提’花粉萌发率较高,为80.0%,‘树上干’较小,仅17.5%。不同授粉组合的平均坐果率为25.9%,较自然授粉平均高2.7倍,以‘阿克阿依’为母本,‘轮台白杏’为父本的授粉组合坐果率最高,达64.2%。荧光显微观察结果表明,所有杂交组合花粉多在授粉后24 h萌发并伸长,授粉96 h后到达花柱基部进入子房,但各组合花粉在花柱原位萌发的速度及花粉管生长速度存在差异,以‘佳娜丽’为母本,‘库尔勒托永’为父本等9个组合,花粉管生长延长到花柱中下部后,停止向下生长,只有个别能正常生长到达子房。【结论】各品种间花粉量、花粉活力差异极大。在72个授粉组合中,坐果率小于6%的授粉组合,花粉管未到达花柱基部或到达基部的速度慢,比率小,表现为杂交不亲和;坐果率较高的授粉组合,花粉管到达花柱基部的速度快,比率大,亲和性强,适宜搭配建园。 相似文献
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不同授粉方式对青海细叶百合与亚洲百合杂交结实研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
用青海细叶百合(Lilium pumilum)和亚洲百合杂种系:精粹(Elite)、耀眼(dazzle)、波安娜(pollyanna)3个品种作母本,采用柱头直接授粉和切割花柱授粉两种不同的授粉方式授以不同品种的父本花粉进行杂交试验.通过对各组合间杂交结实进行调查分析,以蒴果坐果率、蒴果膨大程度和有胚率作为判断指标来研究不同杂交配组的亲和性.结果表明:切割花柱授粉并不能克服所有品种的自交障碍,只能在一定程度上促进具有一定亲和性的杂交组合结实,对蒴果坐果率、蒴果膨大程度和有胚率有一定的影响. 相似文献
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杨梅种间杂交及杂种F_1的胚培养 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
在杨梅属的杨梅种和矮杨梅种之间进行了人工远缘杂交,然后对其杂交F1代成熟种子作了胚培养研究,并用SSR分子标记对杂种的真实性进行了鉴定。结果表明,杨梅种和矮杨梅种有着较好的杂交亲和性,以杨梅种为母本、矮杨梅种为父本的F1杂交种中,70.5%的种子胚正常发育;以矮杨梅种为母本、杨梅种为父本的F1杂交种中,76.5%的种子胚发育正常。用MS添加0.5mg·L-1的6-BA培养基对矮杨梅种(♀)×杨梅种(♂)和杨梅种(♀)×矮杨梅种(♂)2个F1杂交组合以及杨梅品种晚稻杨梅(WD)、迟色(CS)等4份材料的胚培养中,绿苗诱导率分别为85.0%、28.6%、6.9%、0.0。在1/2MS添加0.5mg·L-1IBA的生根培养基中,矮杨梅种(♀)×杨梅种(♂)和杨梅种(♀)×矮杨梅种(♂)F1绿苗的生根率分别为29.2%和33.3%。SSR分子标记对杨梅种(♀)×矮杨梅种(♂)F1的鉴定表明杂交后代为真杂种。研究结果为杨梅育种提供了新的途径,并为杨梅遗传连锁作图研究的群体构建奠定了技术基础。 相似文献
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李、杏属间远缘杂交及杂种胚培养技术研究 总被引：18，自引：3，他引：18
以李为母本、杏为父本进行李、杏远缘杂交,在获得果实的5个杂交组合中,授粉后30d的坐果率为4%～30%,授粉后90～100d的坐果率为4%～16%。杂交后90～100d,取杂种胚进行离体培养,结果表明在S1:改良SH+6-BA1.0mg/L+IAA1.0mg/L和S2:改良SH+6-BA2.0mg/L+NAA0.2mg/L培养基上,杂种胚均可萌发。对萌发芽进行继代培养,结果在MS+6-BA1.0mg/L+NAA0.5mg/L培养基上增殖和生长良好。 相似文献
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板栗和锥栗远缘杂交亲和性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以3个板栗品种"燕红"、"怀黄"、"怀九"为母本,以锥栗为父本,进行了远缘杂交亲和性及杂种表型特性研究,旨在为栗属植物的远缘杂交育种提供参考。结果表明:通过连续3a杂交试验,远缘杂交平均结实率仅23.6%,最低结实率只有6.5%,且空苞率较高,平均空苞率50.1%,最高77.5%;杂交结实特性在不同杂交组合、不同年份间存在差异,结实率在不同杂交组合间差异不显著,而在不同年份间表现差异显著,空苞率与坐苞率在不同杂交组合间差异显著或极显著,在不同年份间差异不显著;母本对结实率有较大影响,以"怀黄"、"怀九"为母本远缘杂交结实率较高且杂种优势明显,亲和性好,而"燕红"与锥栗杂交无论在结实率还是杂种特性上表现较差,说明合理选择亲本对于克服板栗与锥栗间远缘杂交不亲和性及提高结实率具有重要意义。 相似文献
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采用去雄、套袋、人工授粉方法对7种枇杷属植物及2种枇杷近缘属植物共14份材料配置的91个种间、21个属间共112个杂交组合进行研究,结果发现：91个种间杂交组合中有28个坐果率为零,即杂交不亲和,约占30%;杂交组合大多为部分亲和,仅少数为完全亲和。枇杷属与其近缘属植物（石斑木、石楠）的正交基本不亲和,反交有5个组合能结果,但杂种胚中途败育,需要进行胚挽救。不同的种类作为父本或母本时,坐果率相差较大,以大渡河枇杷,栎叶枇杷、野生普通枇杷和‘解放钟’作母本,平均坐果率高达36.2% ~ 58.2%;而以台湾枇杷及其两个变型和椭圆枇杷作母本,平均坐果率仅为2.9% ~ 16.3%,作父本时,平均坐果率较高,达22.4% ~ 43.1%。花粉管生长的荧光观察显示,台湾枇杷恒春变型作母本与栎叶枇杷杂交为孢子体不亲和。 相似文献
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AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β-particles emission from 188Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by 188Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [3H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of 188Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from 188 Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G0/G1 arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation. 相似文献
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AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration. 相似文献
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《International Journal of Fruit Science》2013,13(3):101-120
Abstract Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared. 相似文献
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多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响 总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18
多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。 相似文献
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HU Zhi-cheng ZHU Jia-yuan ZHU Bin GUO Dong CHEN Bin ZHANG Kai HU Kun-hua LI Ming-tao TANG Bing 《园艺学报》2011,27(9):1802-1806
AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars. 相似文献
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The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species. 相似文献
17.
AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [3-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10-6-10-4 mmol/L) stimulated [3-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [3-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10-6-10-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl2 for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation. 相似文献
18.
Duncan Brean W. Boyle Shannon Breininger David R. Schmalzer Paul A. 《Landscape Ecology》1999,14(3):291-309
Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere. 相似文献
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AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis. 相似文献
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Species distribution models (SDMs) often use elevation as a surrogate for temperature or utilise elevation sensitive interpolations
from weather stations. These methods may be unsuitable at the landscape scale, especially where there are sparse weather stations,
dramatic variations in exposure or low elevational ranges. The goal of this study was to determine whether radiation, moisture
or a novel estimate of exposure could improve temperature estimates and SDMs for vegetation on the Illawarra Escarpment, near
Sydney, Australia. Forty temperature sensors were placed on the soil surface of an approximately 12,000 ha study site between
November 2004 and August 2006. Linear regression was used to determine the relationship with environmental factors. Elevation
was correlated more with moderate temperatures (winter maximums, summer minimums, spring and autumn averages) than extreme
temperatures (summer maximums, winter minimums). The correlation (r
2) between temperature and environmental factors was improved by up to 0.38 by incorporating exposure, moisture and radiation
in the regressions. Summer maximums and winter minimums were predominately determined by exposure to the NW and coastal influences
respectively, while exposure to the NE and SW was important during other seasons. These directions correspond with the winds
that are most influential in the study area. The improved temperature estimates were used in Generalised Additive Models for
37 plant species. The deviance explained by most models was increased relative to elevation, especially for moist rainforest
species. It was concluded that improving the accuracy of seasonal temperature estimates could improve our ability to explain
the patchy distribution of many species.
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