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1.
A list of aphid parasitoids found in a survey conducted between 1999 and 2001 in Kahramanmaras Province of Turkey is presented.
Nineteen taxa of aphid parasitoids were found on 30 hosts.Pauesia picta (Haliday) is reported for the first time from Turkey. Two check-lists are presented, by host aphids and by plant species.
http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting April 30, 2004. 相似文献
2.
A list is given of aphid parasitoids found in Diyarbakır Province, Turkey. In the survey, performed between 1998 and 2000,
16 species of aphid parasitoids were found on different hosts in Diyarbakır Province.Monoctonus mali is reported for the first time in the Turkish aphid parasitoids fauna.
http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Oct. 20, 2003. 相似文献
3.
This paper describes research at IACR-Rothamsted on aphid parasitoid responses to semiochemical foraging stimuli, aimed at developing novel ways of manipulating these behaviours to overcome ecological constraints to biological and integrated pest control. Female parasitoids respond both to aphid sex pheromones acting as kairomones, and to aphid-induced plant volatiles, acting as synomones. A range of economically important parasitoid species respond to aphid sex pheromones, and their potential for enhancing parasitization of aphid populations has been demonstrated in the field. Commercial production of the pheromone from the plant Nepeta cataria L has been developed and strategies for its use in arable crops are being investigated. Aphid-induced plant volatiles are released systemically throughout the plant and are aphid species specific, probably induced by elicitors in aphid saliva. Aphid-infested plants can induce uninfested neighbours to release damage-related volatiles, plant-to-plant communication occurring via the rhizosphere. The plant compound cis-jasmone has been identified as a plant signal with potential for aphid control, inducing plant defence mechanisms that both deter colonising aphids and attract parasitoids and predators. Such compounds may represent a new generation of crop protectants and their further investigation and development will be aided by the tools generated by genomic and post-genomic biology. 相似文献
4.
Conspecific and heterospecific associations of aphid parasitoids (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Aphidiinae) were used to determine the interactions between crops forming the main arable crop ecosystem (wheat, alfalfa, isogenic and [Bt Bacillus thuringiensis] transgenic maize) in an irrigated area in Catalonia, Spain. Species composition and instars of parasitized aphids (mummies) were used to detect the parasitoid population movements between the crops and proved interactions (alternation) between the crops, including transgenic maize. Parasitoid interactions were species-dependent, appearing in the movements between alfalfa-wheat-maize in the individual species. Aphidius ervi Hal., A. rhopalosiphi DeSt.-Perez, A. uzbekistanicus Luzh., Lysiphlebus testaceipes (Cress.) and Praon volucre (Hal.) were classified as key-stone species in the target agroecosystems in the area. No differences were found in aphid-parasitoid associations on Bt transgenic maize and isogenic maize for aphid species composition and associated parasitoid guild. 相似文献
5.
宁夏中宁县麦蚜寄生蜂群落多样性及优势种种群动态 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为了解西北干旱区麦田蚜虫寄生蜂的多样性及优势种的种群动态,采用棋盘式五点取样法对宁夏中宁县麦蚜寄生蜂群落组成进行调查与研究,分析其多样性、丰富度、均匀度及优势度指数等指标的变化,应用Gaussian函数对各指标进行拟合,并对寄生蜂优势种的个体发生量进行时间动态描述。结果显示,该地区共调查获得麦蚜寄生蜂标本919份,隶属4总科7科12属21种,其中初寄生蜂11种,重寄生蜂10种。燕麦蚜茧蜂Aphidius avenae为初寄生蜂优势种,6月2日个体数达到顶峰,6月8日骤降,6月23日趋于平缓;重寄生蜂优势种为蚜虫宽缘金小蜂Pachyneuron aphidis、宽肩阿莎金小蜂Asaphes suspensus和蚜茧蜂长背瘿蜂Alloxysta sp.,前二者个体数均在6月18日达到最大值,6月23日呈下降趋势,后者5月28日上升,6月2日达到顶峰,6月23日缓慢降至最低值。该地区5月初麦蚜初寄生蜂的多样性指数较大,重寄生蜂的多样性指数则在5月中旬开始上升,总群落多样性指数在6月上旬最高;Gaussian函数对寄生蜂群落多样性指数时间动态变化的模型拟合参数表明,复杂农业景观下的寄生蜂物种多样性发生期明显长于简单农业景观。 相似文献
6.
Alate viviparous females of Wahlgreniella nervata (Gillette) were found on a Damask rose (Rosa damascena Mill.) plantation in Isparta Province, Turkey. The aphid is recorded for the first time from Turkey. Besides, Damask rose
is a new host for this species. Brief information about this aphid including a key to the alate females of aphid species known
to infest Damask rose in Turkey is provided. 相似文献
7.
Nickolas G. Kavallieratos Christos G. Athanassiou George J. Stathas Željko Tomanović 《Phytoparasitica》2002,30(4):365-377
Samples were collected from southern Greece during 1996–2000 in order to investigate the presence of parasitoids onAphis gossypii Glover infesting several citrus species. The species of aphidiines found to have a significantly different preference forA. gossypii wereAphidius colemani Viereck,Aphidius matricariae Haliday,Diaeretiella rapae (M’Intosh),Ephedrus persicae Froggat,Lysiphlebus testaceipes (Cresson),Binodoxys acalephae (Marshall) andBinodoxys angelicae (Haliday). In another sampling experiment, the relative abundance of aphidiine parasitoids on aphids infesting orange and
tangerine trees was studied in southern Greece (Nea Kios) in 1996 and 1997.A. gossypii constituted the largest part of the aphid population and was the only species parasitized.B. angelicae andA. colemani were the most abundant parasitoid species. The parasitization rate differed among the parasitoid species.B. angelicae had the highest colonization rate in centrally located and large host (A. gossypii) groups, whereasA. colemani was found in more isolated and relatively small host groups. The percentage of parasitism byB. angelicae was high mainly in large host groups, whenB. angelicae was the only parasitoid present. However, in cases of coexistence ofB. angelicae withA. colemani with hyperparasitoids, in the same sampling unit, the percentage of parasitism was relatively low.
http://www.phytoparasitica.org 相似文献
8.
Studies conducted in the 2000 cropping season at two different localities, Flaeming and Magdeburger Boerde in Germany, have provided new information on cereal aphid (Sitobion avenae (F.), Metopolophium dirhodum (Walker), and Rhopalosiphum padi (L.)) parasitoids in winter wheat; their species composition, relative abundance, hosts, and location effects. The average aphid population density was higher at Magdeburger Boerde and lower at Flaeming. Among the aphid species, Sitobion avenae was more abundant at Flaeming and Metopolophium dirhodum at Magdeburger Boerde. In total, eight species of primary parasitoids were recorded: Aphidius colemani Viereck, Aphidius rhopalosiphi DeStefani Perez, Aphidius uzbekistanicus Luzhetzki, Aphidius ervi Haliday, Aphidius picipes (Nees), Ephedrus plagiator (Nees), Praon gallicumStarý, and Praon volucre (Haliday). The predominant parasitoid species were Aphidius colemani and Aphidius rhopalosiphi on Metopolophium dirhodum and Aphidius uzbekistanicus on Sitobion avenae. A low number of hyperparasitoids were also recorded. Aphidius colemani was recorded for the first time in the open winter wheat fields in Germany, although it has been used as a biocontrol agent in glasshouses in many European countries and overseas. An analysis of the aforementioned information shows that Aphidius colemani detected as a parasitoid of cereal aphids in Germany is likely a result of an accidental escape of parasitoids from a glasshouse, as well as their successful overwintering and establishment in the area. This study provides baseline information essential for assessing future changes in aphid parasitoid species guild and dynamics in cereal fields in Germany. 相似文献
9.
银川平原麦蚜寄生蜂群落结构及其时间动态 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在实际调查的基础上,研究了银川平原麦蚜寄生蜂群落结构组成。结果表明,银川平原麦蚜寄生蜂群落包括初寄生蜂和重寄生蜂两个亚群落,共22种,隶属4总科,7科13属。其中初寄生蜂12种,重寄生蜂10种。燕麦蚜茧蜂（Aphidius avenae）为优势种。并采用多样性指数（H′）、丰富度(S)、均匀度(E)及优势度(C)等指标对麦蚜寄生蜂的群落动态进行了初步分析。结果表明：5月份前初寄生蜂的多样性指数较大,重寄生蜂的多样性则在5月中旬开始上升,总群落在6月上旬多样性指数最高。 相似文献
10.
Studies conducted in the 2000 cropping season at two different localities, Flaeming and Magdeburger Boerde in Germany, have provided new information on cereal aphid (Sitobion avenae (F.), Metopolophium dirhodum (Walker), and Rhopalosiphum padi (L.)) parasitoids in winter wheat; their species composition, relative abundance, hosts, and location effects. The average aphid population density was higher at Magdeburger Boerde and lower at Flaeming. Among the aphid species, Sitobion avenae was more abundant at Flaeming and Metopolophium dirhodum at Magdeburger Boerde. In total, eight species of primary parasitoids were recorded: Aphidius colemani Viereck, Aphidius rhopalosiphi DeStefani Perez, Aphidius uzbekistanicus Luzhetzki, Aphidius ervi Haliday, Aphidius picipes (Nees), Ephedrus plagiator (Nees), Praon gallicumStarý, and Praon volucre (Haliday). The predominant parasitoid species were Aphidius colemani and Aphidius rhopalosiphi on Metopolophium dirhodum and Aphidius uzbekistanicus on Sitobion avenae. A low number of hyperparasitoids were also recorded. Aphidius colemani was recorded for the first time in the open winter wheat fields in Germany, although it has been used as a biocontrol agent in glasshouses in many European countries and overseas. An analysis of the aforementioned information shows that Aphidius colemani detected as a parasitoid of cereal aphids in Germany is likely a result of an accidental escape of parasitoids from a glasshouse, as well as their successful overwintering and establishment in the area. This study provides baseline information essential for assessing future changes in aphid parasitoid species guild and dynamics in cereal fields in Germany. 相似文献
11.
茶足柄瘤蚜茧蜂引种研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
茶足柄瘤蚜茧蜂,于1983年由美国俄克拉何马州引到陕西省泾阳县,可寄生于麦二叉蚜、棉蚜、豆蚜、酸模蚜、禾谷缢管蚜、玉米蚜。1983～1986年在棉田、小麦田、杂草地及植物园温室分别放蜂21307、11508、2933和19562头。1987年调查放蜂结果:棉田棉蚜僵蚜出蜂172头中,未见引进蜂;小麦田禾谷缢管蚜和麦二叉蚜分别出蜂34和314头,各有引进蜂1头;杂草地豆蚜出蜂420头中,有引进蜂6头;在植物园温室扶桑与海桐上僵蚜率分别为49.3％和32.2％,全是引进蜂。对影响茶足柄瘤蚜茧蜂在陕西定殖的因素作了讨论。 相似文献
12.
为了阐明草地螟Loxostege sticticalis L.（鳞翅目：草螟科）,我国三北地区农业生产重大害虫的天敌资源及其对寄主种群的控制作用,本文对我国草地螟的寄生蜂种类,及其对寄主虫态（龄期）的选择和寄生类型进行了总结。所得的主要结果为：我国已知的草地螟寄生蜂有26属36种。其中属于赤眼蜂科的4种、巨胸小蜂科的1种、茧蜂科的17种和姬蜂科的14种。在这些种类中,有卵期寄生蜂4种,幼虫寄生蜂32种。在幼虫寄生蜂中,有卵-幼虫寄生蜂3种,幼虫-蛹寄生蜂2种。另外,寄生蜂可寄生1～5龄幼虫,但从龄期较低的幼虫开始寄生的种类比从龄期较高开始寄生的多。再加上从1龄开始寄生的部分种类在寄主幼虫发育到5龄时已经成熟,因而可在3龄寄主发现的寄生蜂种类较多,多样性指数也较高。我国草地螟茧中的寄生蜂大多是从幼虫期开始寄生,是否存在从预蛹或蛹期开始寄生的种类尚待明确。最后,这些种类以初寄生、单寄生和内寄生蜂为主,而重寄生、多寄生和外寄生蜂较少,分别为2、4和2种。 相似文献
13.
为明确浙江省不同地区以及不同寄主植物上的烟粉虱Bemisia tabaci寄生蜂种类,更好地利用寄生蜂对烟粉虱进行生物防治,通过对浙江省8个地区进行田间烟粉虱末期若虫或伪蛹采样,并将其带回实验室内饲养直至寄生蜂成蜂羽化进行形态学鉴定。结果表明,在浙江省8个地区共采集到3 490头烟粉虱寄生蜂,其中蒙氏桨角蚜小蜂Eretmocerus mundus Mercet、狄氏桨角蚜小蜂Eretmocerus debachi RoseRosen和浅黄恩蚜小蜂Encarsia sophia(GiraultDodd)的数量最多,比例分别达到了53.0%、27.8%和9.9%;在温州发现的寄生蜂种类最多,共有10种;在20种寄主植物种类或品种上共发现10余种烟粉虱寄生蜂,其中17种寄主植物上共有的烟粉虱寄生蜂有蒙氏桨角蚜小蜂、12种寄主植物上共有的是浅黄恩蚜小蜂、10种寄主植物上共有的是狄氏桨角蚜小蜂;表明这3种寄生蜂是浙江省广泛分布的优势种类。 相似文献
14.
H. J. Moolman J. Van den Berg D. Conlong D. Cugala S. J. Siebert B. P. Le Ru 《Phytoparasitica》2013,41(1):89-104
The diversity of lepidopterous stem borers, their parasitoids and their associated wild host plants was studied in South Africa between 2006 and 2009 and in Mozambique between 2005 and 2010. In South Africa, 20 species of parasitoids were recovered from 17 stem borer species collected on 16 wild host plant species. From Mozambique, 14 parasitoid species were recorded from 16 stem borer species collected on 14 wild host plant species. The highest diversity of parasitoids was recorded on stem borers that attacked the host plants Phragmites australis (7 spp.) and Panicum maximum (6 spp.), in South Africa and Mozambique, respectively. Bracon sp. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and Procerochasmias nigromaculatus (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) were the most recorded parasitoid species in South Africa while Cotesia sesamiae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) parasitized most stem borer species in Mozambique. The most common tachinid parasitoid recorded in this study was Sturmiopsis parasitica (Diptera: Tachinidae). Parasitism of stem borers during the off season was previously thought to occur mainly in natural habitats but this study shows that although natural habitats provided refuges for some parasitoid species, stem borer parasitism was generally low in wild host plants, irrespective of whether collections were done during the cropping or off-season. Parasitoid beta diversity did not depend on habitat or host plant species, but was determined by stem borer diversity. 相似文献
15.
Aphids damage major world food and fiber crops through direct feeding and transmission of plant viruses. Fortunately, the development of many aphid‐resistant crop plants has provided both ecological and economic benefits to food production. Plant characters governing aphid host selection often dictate eventual plant resistance or susceptibility to aphid herbivory, and these phenotypic characters have been successfully used to map aphid resistance genes. Aphid resistance is often inherited as a dominant trait, but is also polygenic and inherited as recessive or incompletely dominant traits. Most aphid‐resistant cultivars exhibit constitutively expressed defenses, but some cultivars exhibit dramatic aphid‐induced responses, resulting in the overexpression of large ensembles of putative aphid resistance genes. Two aphid resistance genes have been cloned. Mi‐1.2, an NBS‐LRR gene from wild tomato, confers resistance to potato aphid and three Meloidogyne root‐knot nematode species, and Vat, an NBS‐LRR gene from melon, controls resistance to the cotton/melon aphid and to some viruses. Virulence to aphid resistance genes of plants occurs in 17 aphid species – more than half of all arthropod biotypes demonstrating virulence. The continual appearance of aphid virulence underscores the need to identify new sources of resistance of diverse sequence and function in order to delay or prevent biotype development. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
16.
Baseline studies were conducted to determine the parasitoids associated with fruit flies in the northern savanna ecology of Ghana. Fruit fly puparia obtained from incubation of 17 host fruit species were maintained in rearing cages for the emergence of parasitoid wasps. Four species of braconid parasitoids namely, Fopius caudatus (Szépligeti), Psyttalia cosyrae (Wilkinson), Psyttalia concolor (Szépligeti) and Diachasmimorpha fullawayi (Silvestri) were recovered. F. caudatus was the most abundant parasitoid (61.0%) reared from most host fruits while D. fullawayi was the least abundant (7.7%). The overall mean parasitism rate was 7.1% with the highest record in Annona senegalensis Pers., Sarcocepholus latifolium S. Bruce and Icacina senegalensis Juss. Ceratitis cosyra and Bactrocera invadens were the fruit fly species most commonly reared that produced F. caudatus, and to a lesser extent, P. cosyrae. The peak occurrence of the parasitoids coincided with the peak of the rains and the maturity period of many of the host fruits. This first inventory of tephritid parasitoids in Ghana provides critical baseline data for biological control efforts in the future. 相似文献
17.
广东美洲斑潜蝇寄生性天敌初步研究 总被引：19，自引：2，他引：17
本文对广东菜区美洲斑潜蝇Ｌｉｒｉｏｎｙｚａ ｓａｔｉｖａｅ寄生性天敌的种类及寄生情况进行了初步调查。结果表明,常见的美洲斑潜蝇寄生蜂有５种,其中以底比斯釉姬小蜂Ｃｈｒｙｓｏｃｈａｒｉｓ ｒｅｎｔｈｅｕｓ和冈崎釉姬小蜂Ｃｈｒｙｓｏｎｏｔｏｍｙｉａ ｏｋａｇａｋｉｉ为优势种。 相似文献
18.
为明确新疆棉花蚜虫-寄生蜂的食物网结构,通过设计新疆棉花蚜虫和寄生蜂的特异性引物,建立并优化可以在物种水平上开展棉花蚜虫-寄生蜂食物网结构分析的分子检测方法,该方法包括3个多重PCR检测体系（cMP1、cPriMP2和cHypMP3）和1个单一PCR（cSP1）检测体系,并应用建立的方法对采自库尔勒、阿克苏、昌吉的2 383头僵蚜样品进行分子检测。结果表明,4个体系的灵敏度均较高,其中蚜虫cMP1体系的检出限为500 DNA拷贝数,初级寄生蜂cPriMP2体系的检出限为5 000 DNA拷贝数,重寄生蜂cHypMP3和cSP1体系的DNA检出限分别为500拷贝数和100拷贝数。该方法能够快速且准确地鉴定4种棉花蚜虫、4种初级寄生蜂和7种重寄生蜂,特异性良好。使用该方法对供试僵蚜样品进行检测并成功绘制出新疆棉花蚜虫-初级寄生蜂-重寄生蜂食物网,定量分析了不同初级寄生蜂对蚜虫的寄生作用及重寄生蜂与初级寄生蜂之间形成的食物网络关系。表明所建立的分子检测方法可以用于评估不同种类寄生蜂在新疆棉花蚜虫种群控制中的生态功能,解析物种间的食物网关系。 相似文献
19.
泰安郊区小麦田蚜虫两类天敌发生与流行的初步研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对泰安郊区小麦田蚜虫病原真菌和寄生蜂的发生情况进行了2年的调查,探讨了两类天敌的发生与气候因子和生物因素的关系。结果显示:麦蚜真菌病的发生水平与温度和降雨量成显著的正相关关系,与蚜虫密度成极显著的负相关。寄生蜂的寄生率与温度成极显著的正相关,而与蚜虫密度、相对湿度和降雨量均成显著的负相关。定量地描述了感菌有翅蚜在整个真菌病发生期间所发挥的作用。 相似文献
20.
Impatiens parviflora andI. glandulifera, two invasive touchme-not species of exotic origin were found to be associated with two aphid groups in Central Europe: a)
Exotic species subsequently following their invasive plant hosts (Impatientinum asiaticum
Nevsky), b) native species secondarily adapted to the new exotic hosts (Aphis fabae cirsiiacanthoidis
Scop.). The species number (listed) of associated syrphid flies in the newly developed guilds was rather high, consisting of broadly
oligophagous species. The plant phenology and adaptation of the aphids have resulted in associations which apparently represent
seasonally significant sources of prey, their importance apparently increasing with the decreasing season. Antattendance was
determined in both aphid species, and no adverse interference with the preying syrphid larvae was observed. In spite of an
overall classification of the target plants as expansive weeds, they are classified positively as contributing to the enhancement
of syrphid fly populations in the biocorridors in the cultivated landscape. 相似文献