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1.
Pythium rot of Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. subsp. pekinensis) caused by Pythium aphanidermatum
Motoaki Tojo Tatsurou Shigematsu Hisataka Morita Yingjie Li Tadashi Matsumoto Satoshi T. Ohki 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2005,71(5):384-386
Severe rot was found at the base of leaves and stems of Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. subsp. pekinensis) in Ibaraki Prefecture every year in early September from 2002 through 2004. The causal fungus was identified as Pythium aphanidermatum (Edson) Fitzpatrick. This is the first report of P. aphanidermatum on Chinese cabbage. A similar disease of Chinese cabbage caused by P. ultimum Trow var. ultimum is known as Pythium rot. We propose adding P. aphanidermatum as a new pathogen of this disease. 相似文献
2.
Koji Tanina Motoaki Tojo Hirotaka Date Hideo Nasu Shinji Kasuyama 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2004,70(3):188-191
Severe rot was found at the base of leaves and stems of chingensai (Brassica campestris L. chinensis group) in Okayama Prefecture in 2000. The causal fungi were morphologically identified as Pythium ultimum Trow var. ultimum and P. aphanidermatum (Edson) Fitzpatrick. This is the first report of rot caused by Pythium species on chingensai. We named this disease Pythium rot of chingensai. 相似文献
3.
Yurika Matoba Norio Kondo Seishi Akino Fujio Kodama Shigeo Naito Shigehiko Ebe 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2008,74(1):81-85
Five Pythium species (Pythium irregulare, P. mamillatum, P. myriotylum, P. spinosum and P. ultimum var. ultimum) were isolated from the hypocotyls and roots of kidney bean plants with damping-off from a commercial field and from experimental
plots that have undergone either continuous cropping with kidney bean or rotational cropping with arable crops. In inoculation
tests, all five Pythium species were pathogenic to kidney bean. This is the first report of damping-off of kidney bean caused by Pythium species; we named this disease damping-off of kidney bean.
The nucleotide sequence data reported are available in the DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank databases under accession numbers AB291811, AB291944
and AB291945. 相似文献
4.
Sophie Cliquet Rudy J. Scheffer 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1996,102(3):247-255
Conidia of sevenTrichoderma strains were applied on cucumber or radish seeds as a simple methyl cellulose coating or through an industrial film coating process. The seeds were sown in a peat-based soil artificially infested byR. solani orP. ultimum. Four strains controlled damping-off caused byR. solani when applied as a simple coating or as an industrial film-coating. Also, four strains significantly reduced damping-off caused byP. ultimum in cucumber. A correlation was found between production of volatile antibiotics in vitro and control ofP. ultimum. Survival during storage varied according to the strain. Better survival was observed for two strains, with a decrease in conidial viability of one order of magnitude after storage for three and five months at 15 ° C and 4 ° C, respectively. The results show the feasibility of biocontrol of seedling diseases by some antagonists applied onto seeds through an industrial film-coating process. 相似文献
5.
Takao Tsukiboshi Yoshiaki Chikuo Yoko Ito Yosuke Matsushita Koji Kageyama 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2007,73(4):293-296
Root and stem rot with wilt of above ground parts of cultivated chrysanthemums was first found in Ibaraki, Toyama and Kagawa
prefectures, Japan in 2002 and 2003. Pythium species were isolated from the diseased tissues and identified as P. dissotocum, P. oedochilum, P. sylvaticum, P. ultimum var. ultimum and asexual strains of P. helicoides based on their morphologies and sequences of rDNA-ITS region. All the Pythium species were strongly pathogenic to chrysanthemums in pot conditions and were reisolated from the inoculated plants. Because
Pythium root and stem rot of chrysanthemum has never been reported in Japan, we propose that this is a new disease that can
be caused by the five Pythium species. 相似文献
6.
Motoaki Tojo Tamotsu Hoshino María Luz Herrero Sonja Sletner Klemsdal Anne Marte Tronsmo 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2001,107(7):761-765
Pythium ultimum var. ultimum was isolated from carrot seedlings with damping off and from soil used for growing the plant in a greenhouse on Spitsbergen Island, Svalbard. The fungus caused severe damping off of carrot, cucumber and tomato seedlings after artificial inoculation. The rDNA internal transcribed spacer sequences of the Svalbard isolate were identical to those of Canadian and Japanese isolates of P. ultimum var. ultimum. The results suggest that the pathogen in the greenhouse on Svalbard was probably introduced from temperate regions through contaminated plants and/or soil imported to the island. This is the first record of P. ultimum var. ultimum within the Arctic zone. 相似文献
7.
Emma A. Weststeijn 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1990,96(5):261-272
FluorescentPseudomonas isolates were obtained from Pythium-diseased tulip roots or rhizospheres. A selection of these isolates was tested for root rot-suppressing capabilities, using tulip cultivar Paul Richter (ice-tulip) as host andPythium ultimum P17 as pathogen. With isolate E11.3 root rot suppression was consistently found, but the extent of the effects varied from experiment to experiment. Beneficial effects were obtained after introduction of the bacteria either by mixing them through the soil or by dipping the bulbs in a bacterial suspension, immediately before planting. Application of bacteria in methylcellulose also reduced disease, but is of no practical value as methylcellulose by itself increased disease. In steamed soil, disease was more severe than in natural soil. In both circumstances, however, beneficial effects of bacterization with E11.3 were observed.Samenvatting Fluorescerende pseudomonaden werden geïsoleerd van tulpewortels of uit de rhizosfeer daarvan. Een aantal van deze isolaten is getoetst op wortelrot-onderdrukkend vermogen in een experimenteel systeem met tulpecultivar Paul Richter (vriestulp) als waardplant enPythium ultimum isolaat P17 als pathogeen. Wortelrotonderdrukking werd consequent waargenomen na bacterisatie metPseudomonas isolaat E11.3; de mate waarin rotonderdrukking optrad verschilde echter van experiment tot experiment. Bacterisatie vond plaats òf door de bacteriën door de grond te mengen òf door de bollen vlak voor het planten in een bacteriesuspensie te dompelen. Met beide methoden werden positieve resultaten bereikt. Toedienen van bacteriën in methylcellulose leidde ook tot reductie van de ziekte, maar heeft geen practische betekenis aangezien methylcellulose op zich de ziekte doet toenemen. Wortelrot was ernstiger in gestoomde dan in nietgestoomde grond, maar in beide omstandigheden werkte E11.3 wortelrotonderdrukkend. 相似文献
8.
Valérie Gravel Hani Antoun Russell J. Tweddell 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2007,119(4):457-462
The effect of indole-acetic acid (IAA) on the development of symptoms caused by Pythium ultimum on tomato plants was investigated using different bioassays. Application of IAA (5 μg ml−1) on tomato seedlings inoculated with P. ultimum did not affect their emergence suggesting that IAA did not affect the severity of Pythium damping-off. However, IAA was shown
to influence the development of P. ultimum symptoms on tomato plantlets. Low concentrations of IAA (0–0.1 μg ml−1) within the rhizosphere of plantlets increased the severity of the symptoms caused by P. ultimum, while higher concentrations (10 μg ml−1), applied either by drenching to the growing medium or by spraying on the shoot, reduced the symptoms caused by this pathogen.
In addition, the study demonstrated that P. ultimum produces IAA in liquid culture amended with L-tryptophan, tryptamine or tryptophol (200 μg ml−1) and in unamended culture. 相似文献
9.
I. M. Haigh P. Jenkinson M. C. Hare 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2009,124(1):65-73
Greenhouse experiments were conducted in order to determine the impact of seed-borne Microdochium nivale var. nivale and var. majus inoculum, and seed treatment with a carboxin+thiram mixture, on the development of seedling blight, and on subsequent stem
colonisation and growth of winter wheat (cv. Cadenza). Experiments were conducted at temperatures favourable (3°C) and unfavourable
(22°C) to M. nivale. Seed-borne inoculum resulted in seedling blight symptom development when plants were grown at 3°C, but not when plants were
grown at 22°C. For seedlings grown at 3°C, plants arising from heavily blighted seedlings developed more severe symptoms of
stem colonisation, when compared with those arising from seedlings from carboxin+thiram treated seeds. In addition, the vigour
of such plants (assessed by determining the number of tillers and ears per plant, stem length, green leaf area, dry weight
and yield) was also significantly lower than for plants arising from carboxin+thiram treated seeds. Microdochium nivale var. majus and var. nivale appeared to have little effect on plant vigour from seedlings grown at 22°C. This is the first recorded incidence of seedling
blight affecting subsequent plant growth. Microdochium nivale var. majus and var. nivale stem colonisation increased from growth stage (GS) 40–49 to harvest in plants raised from seedlings grown at both temperatures.
Microdochium nivale var. majus and var. nivale were isolated from the second node at GS 40–49 and the third node at harvest of plants from seedlings grown at 3°C. For plants
from seedlings raised at 22°C, M. nivale var. majus and var. nivale were isolated from the first node at GS 40–49 and the second node at harvest. Carboxin+thiram seed treatment decreased the
extent and severity of stem colonisation on plants from seedlings grown at 22°C. 相似文献
10.
P. Oyarzun M. Gerlagh A. E. Hoogland I. Vos 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1990,96(5):301-311
In 1983, seed dressing of peas with fosetyl-Al (Aliette) compared favourably with all other treatments on a field heavily contaminated with foot and root rot pathogens. Experiments carried out in 1983 and 1984 could not establish the reason for this phenomenon. Artificial inoculation with the most frequently isolated pathogens (Fusarium oxysporum, Phoma medicaginis var.pinodella, Pythium ultimum andFusarium solani f.sp.pisi) of sterilized soil before planting treated seeds did not reproduce the field observations, but glasshouse experiments using soil from the experimental field did. Glasshouse experiments in 1989, afterAphanomyces euteiches had been identified as a frequently occurring pea pathogen in the Netherlands, confirmed the favourable effect of fosetyl-Al as a seed treatment whenA. euteiches was in the pathogen flora.Samenvatting In 1983 bleek op een zwaar met voetrotpathogenen besmet veld zaaizaadbehandeling van erwten met fosetyl-Al (Aliette) gunstig af te steken bij alle andere behandelingen. De oorzaak kon toen niet worden gevonden. Kunstmatige besmetting van gesterilisserde grond vóór het planten van behandelde zaden met de meest geïsoleerde pathogenen (Fusarium oxysporum, Phoma medicaginis var.pinodella, Pythium ultimum enFusarium solani f.sp.pisi) gaf resultaten die niet overeenstemden met die van het proefveld, maar kasproeven met grond van het proefveld deden dat wel. Nadat was aangetoond dat het erwtepathogeenAphanomyces euteiches in Nederland veel voorkomt, bevestigden nieuwe kasproeven in 1989 het gunstige effect van fosetyl-Al als zaaizaadbehandeling wanneerA. euteiches deel uitmaakt van de pathogene bodemflora. 相似文献
11.
12.
Helge Green Nina Heiberg Kirsten Lejbølle Dan Funck Jensen 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2001,107(3):349-359
The activity of Trichoderma harzianum in the spermosphere and rhizosphere of different plant species was studied by use of a beta-glucuronidase (GUS) transformant (strain T3a). Hereby, direct observation of micro-habitats supporting metabolic activity of T. harzianum is reported. Germination of conidia and mycelial growth were not supported by exudates from healthy roots of various ages. Instead, growth and activity of T. harzianum depended on access to dead organic substrates such as seed coats, decaying roots, and wounds, including those caused by infecting pathogens. A correlation between the GUS activity of T. harzianum and the biomass of Pythium ultimum in infected roots was established. On the basis of our observations, we suggest that the biocontrol ability of T. harzianum involves competition with the pathogen for substrates including the seed coat, and wounded or infected root tissue. 相似文献
13.
Roeland E. Voorrips Dirk L. Visser 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1993,99(5-6):269-276
A glasshouse test was elaborated for assessing large numbers of seedlings ofBrassica oleracea for resistance to clubroot, a disease caused by the fungusPlasmodiophora brassicae. The method offers good control of inoculum density per plant, and requires 6–7 weeks from sowing. The results from the glasshouse test correlated well with field test results. With this method, 71 accessions ofB. oleracea reported to carry resistance to clubroot, and one susceptible control cultivar were tested with a Dutch clubroot isolate. High levels of resistance were found in several accessions of cabbage, broccoli and curly kale. F1-populations of resistant cabbage or curly kale × susceptible cabbage were fully susceptible, indicating recessive inheritance of resistance in all cases. 相似文献
14.
Masaharu Kubota Kazuo Abiko Yukio Yanagisawa Kazufumi Nishi 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2006,72(4):197-204
Plug seedlings, widely used in cabbage cultivation in Japan, are often infected by seed-borne pathogens, especially the serious
pathogen Alternaria brassicicola. Because information on seed infestation is scant in Japan, we investigated fungal infestation in commercial batches of cabbage
seeds produced between 1984 and 2001. A total of 123 lots were divided into six groups by production period (1984–1989, 1994–1998,
and 2001) and by use or nonuse of fungicide. One hundred seeds from each lot were incubated separately on agar at 25°C to
isolate the predominant fungus. Alternaria brassicicola was isolated most frequently, 0%–94% of the seeds depending on seed lot or 6%–21% of the seeds grouped by production period
and fungicide treatment. Thus, the pathogen was isolated even from seeds refrigerated for 17 years. Alternaria brassicicola accounted for 57%–95% of all isolated fungi by the group and was higher on older or fungicide-treated seeds. Seeds that were
not treated with fungicide in lots grouped by production districts in western Japan were infested with A. brassicicola at a rate of over 12%, higher than that in the eastern region (<4%). Infestation was higher in the warmer areas of Japan.
Eighty-five isolates, other than A. brassicicola, produced spots on cabbage cotyledons, although they were not isolated as frequently: less than 5% of seeds by group separated
by production period and fungicide treatment. Most of these isolates were Alternaria alternata. This is the first report on the frequency of fungal infestation of commercial cabbage seeds in Japan. 相似文献
15.
猪殃殃对AHAS抑制剂靶标抗性的快速分子检测 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
为建立猪殃殃靶标抗性快速检测方法,并明确小麦田猪殃殃Galium aparine var.tenerum对AHAS抑制剂靶标的突变类型及分布,从河南、陕西、安徽、江苏和山东5省不同田块采集疑似对AHAS抑制剂产生抗性的猪殃殃植株,采用特异性引物PCR扩增靶标酶AHAS基因保守区片段,并以直接测序法检测采集样品,通过与拟南芥AHAS基因序列比对分析后明确其突变位点。结果显示,在5省25个农田的样品中共有19个农田检测到AHAS突变,分布在河南、安徽和江苏3省;在检测样品中发现突变发生在2个位点,共有3种突变类型,分别是197位脯氨酸(CCC)突变为丙氨酸(GCC)或丝氨酸(TCC),或者是574位色氨酸(TGG)突变为亮氨酸(TTG),检测结果与田间药效反应基本一致。这种用特异性引物扩增目的片段测序的方法,由于其可以在生长当季进行检测,适用于田间靶标突变抗性猪殃殃的快速检测与监测。 相似文献
16.
R. E. Niks G. M. Butler 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1993,99(3):139-148
Three cultivars of white cabbage with different levels of resistance toMycosphaerella brassicicola were tested for seedbed infection. Seedlings grown in seedbeds, to which infected plant debris was added as an inoculum, showed typical ring spot lesions on the cotyledons and first two leaves before seedlings reached the transplanting stage, whereas non-inoculated controls had few lesions only. Differences in levels of resistance between cultivars were present in seedlings grown under field conditions. Disease severity of transplants at the end of the season reflected disease severity of seedlings before transplanting in each cultivar.To lower the risk of a severe epidemic of ringspot at the end of the growing season, the seedbed should be protected from infection byM. brassicicola. 相似文献
17.
Junji Nishikawa Takao Kobayashi Kazuto Shirata Takashi Chibana Keiko T. Natsuaki 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2006,72(5):305-313
We isolated 629 fungi from 1296 berry seeds of solanaceous plants, including tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum), eggplant (Solanum melongena), bell pepper (Capsicum annuum), and red pepper (Capsicum annuum var. annuum) preserved for long and short terms. The isolates were classified into 22 genera excluding unidentified fungi, and the fungal
floras were divided into two types: the tomato–eggplant and pepper groups. The results of cluster analysis with unweighted
pair-group method with arithmetic average also supported these groups. Most tomato seeds infested with Geotrichum candidum germinated and grew the same as uninfested seeds. Cladosporium sphaerospermum and Arthrinium sp. isolated from eggplant seeds strongly suppressed germination, and Penicillium variabile suppressed seminal root elongation on eggplant. Alternaria alternata, Botrytis cinerea, and Myrothecium verrucaria detected from red pepper or bell pepper seeds were pathogenic to the fruits and the seedlings after artificial inoculation. 相似文献
18.
Takeshi Toda Toshihiro Hayakawa Joseph Mwafaida Mghalu Shigeharu Yaguchi Mitsuro Hyakumachi 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2007,73(6):379-387
Isolates of an unidentified Rhizoctonia sp. (UR isolates) were obtained from creeping bentgrass and Kentucky bluegrass with reddish brown sheath and foliar rots.
Because the UR isolates anastomosed with isolates of three varieties of Waitea circinata (var. oryzae, var. zeae, and var. circinata), colony morphology, hyphal growth rate at different temperatures, pathogenicity, sequence analysis of the internal transcribed
spacers (ITS) region of ribosomal RNA genes (rDNA) were compared. The colony color of mature UR isolates was distinct from
isolates of the other three varieties of W. circinata. In pathogenicity tests on creeping bentgrass, the severity of the disease caused by UR isolates was significantly higher
than that caused by the three varieties of W. circinata. Sequence similarities of the rDNA-ITS region between UR isolates and between isolates within each variety were high (97–100%),
but they were lower among isolates from UR and the varieties of W. circinata (88–94%). In a phylogenetic tree based on the rDNA-ITS sequences, UR isolates formed a cluster separate from each of the
clusters formed by the three varieties of W. circinata. These results indicate that the UR isolates clearly differ from the three varieties of W. circinata. We therefore propose that the UR isolates be classified as new Rhizoctonia sp. that are closely related to W.
circinata and that the disease on creeping bentgrass should be called Waitea reddish-brown patch disease (Sekikasshoku-hagusare-byo
in Japanese). 相似文献
19.
20.
Clovis S. Palmer Jennifer A. Saleeba Bruce R. Lyon 《Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology》2005,67(6):427
A phytotoxic protein that evokes the typical symptoms of Verticillium wilt disease in seedlings of Gossypium hirsutum L. (Upland cotton) was isolated from culture filtrates of Verticillium dahliae. The protein was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation, Sephadex-G100 fractionation, and native PAGE. The 18.5 kDa protein, designated VD18.5, appears to be a single subunit protein with an isoelectric point between 3 and 5. VD18.5 induces symptoms of leaf dehydration, chlorosis, necrosis and stem discoloration in seedlings of the disease susceptible cotton cultivar Siokra 1–4. The LD50 of VD18.5 on protoplasts of Siokra 1–4 was 18 μg mL−1. VD18.5 had no noticeable effect on Pima S-7, which is a disease resistant cultivar. Phytotoxic activity was partially destroyed at high temperature and was abolished by digestion with proteinase K. Mass spectrometry fingerprinting and protein sequence data from VD18.5 yielded no significant matches when submitted to the Mascot search engine and NCBI non-redundant protein databases, respectively. These results suggest that VD18.5 is a novel protein that may be involved in the development of some of the symptoms associated with Verticillium wilt disease in the cotton plant. 相似文献